一、汽車發電機工作原理是什么

汽車(che)(che)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)是怎(zen)樣工作的呢？當(dang)外電(dian)(dian)(dian)路通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷使(shi)勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組通電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，便產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)磁(ci)場，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)被磁(ci)化(hua)為N極(ji)和S極(ji)。當(dang)轉(zhuan)子旋轉(zhuan)時(shi)，磁(ci)通交(jiao)替(ti)地在定(ding)子繞(rao)組中變化(hua)，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感應(ying)原理可知(zhi)，定(ding)子的三相繞(rao)組中便產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)交(jiao)變的感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，這(zhe)就(jiu)是汽車(che)(che)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的工作原理。具(ju)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)路為：蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正極(ji)→充電(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)燈(deng)→調節器觸(chu)點(dian)→勵磁(ci)繞(rao)阻→搭(da)鐵→蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)負極(ji)。

由原(yuan)動(dong)機（即發(fa)動(dong)機）拖動(dong)直流勵磁的(de)同步發(fa)電機轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)，以轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速n（rpm）旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，三(san)相定子(zi)繞阻便感應交流電勢。定子(zi)繞阻若(ruo)接(jie)入用電負載，電機就有交流電能輸(shu)出，經過(guo)發(fa)電機內部的(de)整流橋將交流電轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換成直流電從輸(shu)出端子(zi)輸(shu)出。

交流(liu)(liu)發電(dian)機分(fen)為(wei)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)和轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)兩(liang)部分(fen)，三相(xiang)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)按照(zhao)彼此相(xiang)差120度電(dian)角度分(fen)布在殼(ke)體上(shang)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)由(you)兩(liang)塊極(ji)爪(zhua)組(zu)成。當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)接(jie)通(tong)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)時即被(bei)勵磁，兩(liang)塊極(ji)爪(zhua)形成N極(ji)和S極(ji)。磁力線由(you)N極(ji)出(chu)發，透過空氣間隙進入(ru)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)鐵心再回到相(xiang)鄰的(de)S極(ji)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)一旦旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)就會切(qie)割(ge)磁力線，在定(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)中產生互差120度電(dian)度角的(de)正弦電(dian)動勢(shi)，即三相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)，再經由(you)二極(ji)管組(zu)成的(de)整流(liu)(liu)元件變為(wei)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)輸(shu)出(chu)。

當(dang)開關閉合后，首先由(you)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示燈由(you)于有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過(guo)，所以燈會亮。但發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)起動后，隨著發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速提(ti)(ti)高，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)也不斷(duan)升高。當(dang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)等時(shi)(shi)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)“B”端(duan)和“D”端(duan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位相(xiang)等，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示燈由(you)于兩端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差為零而熄滅。指示發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)已經(jing)(jing)正常工作(zuo)，勵磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流由(you)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)自己供(gong)給(gei)。發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)中三(san)相(xiang)繞阻所產生的(de)三(san)相(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)經(jing)(jing)二(er)極管(guan)整流后，輸出直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，向負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并向蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

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二、汽車驅動電機如何接線

1、汽車電機(ji)上(shang)會有(you)B、B+、D+、E、W等(deng)符號(hao)以及相應的(de)接線(xian)點，通過這些符號(hao)將(jiang)線(xian)接入即(ji)可(ke)。

2、每臺(tai)電(dian)機都有(you)一個最大接(jie)線點(dian)(dian)即B點(dian)(dian)端，這是連接(jie)到蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)，打開(kai)(kai)電(dian)源開(kai)(kai)關(guan)就(jiu)有(you)電(dian)壓(ya)。

3、E點是搭(da)鐵(tie)線，就是負極。

4、D+接線(xian)(xian)端大部(bu)連接充電(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示燈，電(dian)(dian)壓通過指(zhi)示燈到(dao)D+起到(dao)勵(li)磁作用(yong)，如果拆下(xia)(xia)這條(tiao)線(xian)(xian)指(zhi)示燈滅(mie)了，那么可以(yi)判斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)機不(bu)會充電(dian)(dian)，用(yong)萬用(yong)表測量需(xu)要有電(dian)(dian)壓，沒有電(dian)(dian)壓是電(dian)(dian)路(lu)斷(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)機是不(bu)充電(dian)(dian)的，也可以(yi)將(jiang)這條(tiao)線(xian)(xian)拆下(xia)(xia)直接搭鐵，如指(zhi)示燈亮(liang)可以(yi)判斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)是正常的。

5、W接(jie)線(xian)端是連接(jie)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)轉速表（有的沒(mei)用(yong)），有的汽車用(yong)W線(xian)來控制空調開(kai)(kai)關和(he)熄火電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)，當發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)還工作時(shi)而這(zhe)條線(xian)斷開(kai)(kai)，控制器判定發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)已熄火沒(mei)必要再(zai)打開(kai)(kai)熄火電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)，所(suo)以這(zhe)時(shi)關閉電(dian)門鎖無法(fa)讓發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)熄火

同(tong)樣，空調控(kong)制開(kai)關(guan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源是由w線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源打開(kai)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)而得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，沒有w線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)空調控(kong)制開(kai)關(guan)無法工作，同(tong)樣道理可以利用(yong)這w線(xian)控(kong)制起動后無法起動馬達(da)，可以起到保護(hu)馬達(da)的作用(yong)。