一、汽車發電機工作原理是什么

汽車發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機是(shi)怎樣工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)呢(ni)？當外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷使(shi)勵(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，便產(chan)生磁場，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)被磁化為N極(ji)(ji)(ji)和S極(ji)(ji)(ji)。當轉子旋(xuan)轉時，磁通(tong)交(jiao)替地在定子繞(rao)組(zu)中(zhong)變(bian)化，根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應原理可知，定子的(de)三相繞(rao)組(zu)中(zhong)便產(chan)生交(jiao)變(bian)的(de)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢，這就(jiu)是(shi)汽車發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理。具(ju)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)為：蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池正極(ji)(ji)(ji)→充電(dian)(dian)(dian)指示燈→調節(jie)器觸點→勵(li)磁繞(rao)阻→搭鐵→蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池負極(ji)(ji)(ji)。

由原動機（即(ji)發動機）拖動直流(liu)(liu)勵(li)磁(ci)的同步發電機轉(zhuan)子，以轉(zhuan)速n（rpm）旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)，三(san)相定子繞阻便(bian)感應交流(liu)(liu)電勢。定子繞阻若接(jie)入用電負載(zai)，電機就(jiu)有交流(liu)(liu)電能輸出，經過發電機內部(bu)的整流(liu)(liu)橋將交流(liu)(liu)電轉(zhuan)換成直流(liu)(liu)電從輸出端子輸出。

交(jiao)流(liu)發(fa)電(dian)機分為定子繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和轉子繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)兩部分，三(san)相(xiang)定子繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)按照彼此相(xiang)差120度(du)電(dian)角度(du)分布在殼(ke)體上(shang)，轉子繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)由兩塊(kuai)極(ji)(ji)(ji)爪組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。當轉子繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)接通直流(liu)電(dian)時即被勵磁(ci)，兩塊(kuai)極(ji)(ji)(ji)爪形成(cheng)N極(ji)(ji)(ji)和S極(ji)(ji)(ji)。磁(ci)力(li)線由N極(ji)(ji)(ji)出發(fa)，透過空氣(qi)間隙進入定子鐵心再(zai)回(hui)到相(xiang)鄰的(de)(de)S極(ji)(ji)(ji)。轉子一旦旋(xuan)轉，轉子繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)就會切割磁(ci)力(li)線，在定子繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中產生(sheng)互差120度(du)電(dian)度(du)角的(de)(de)正弦電(dian)動勢，即三(san)相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)，再(zai)經由二極(ji)(ji)(ji)管組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)整(zheng)流(liu)元(yuan)件變為直流(liu)電(dian)輸出。

當開關閉合(he)后(hou)，首先由蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。此時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示燈由于有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過，所以燈會亮。但發(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)起動后(hou)，隨著發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉速提高(gao)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓也不斷升高(gao)。當發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)時(shi)(shi)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)“B”端和“D”端的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位相(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)，此時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示燈由于兩(liang)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差為零而熄滅。指示發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)已經正(zheng)常工作(zuo)，勵磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流由發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)自己供給(gei)。發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)中三相(xiang)(xiang)繞阻(zu)所產(chan)生的(de)三相(xiang)(xiang)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)經二極管整流后(hou)，輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，向負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并向蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

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二、汽車驅動電機如何接線

1、汽(qi)車電機上會有(you)B、B+、D+、E、W等符(fu)號以及相應的接線(xian)點(dian)，通過這些符(fu)號將線(xian)接入即可。

2、每(mei)臺電(dian)(dian)機都有一個最大接線(xian)點即B點端(duan)，這是(shi)連(lian)接到(dao)蓄電(dian)(dian)池，打開(kai)電(dian)(dian)源開(kai)關(guan)就有電(dian)(dian)壓。

3、E點是搭鐵(tie)線，就是負(fu)極。

4、D+接(jie)線端大部(bu)連接(jie)充電(dian)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)，電(dian)壓通過指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)到(dao)D+起到(dao)勵磁(ci)作用，如果拆下這條(tiao)(tiao)線指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)滅了，那么可以(yi)判斷電(dian)機不會(hui)充電(dian)，用萬(wan)用表測量需(xu)要有電(dian)壓，沒有電(dian)壓是電(dian)路(lu)斷路(lu)電(dian)機是不充電(dian)的(de)，也可以(yi)將這條(tiao)(tiao)線拆下直接(jie)搭鐵，如指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)亮(liang)可以(yi)判斷電(dian)路(lu)是正常的(de)。

5、W接線(xian)端是連接發動機(ji)轉(zhuan)速表（有的(de)沒用(yong)），有的(de)汽車用(yong)W線(xian)來控制(zhi)空(kong)調開(kai)關和(he)熄火電(dian)磁閥，當發動機(ji)還(huan)工作時而這(zhe)條線(xian)斷開(kai)，控制(zhi)器判定(ding)發動機(ji)已熄火沒必要再打開(kai)熄火電(dian)磁閥，所(suo)以這(zhe)時關閉電(dian)門鎖無法讓發動機(ji)熄火

同(tong)樣，空(kong)調(diao)控制(zhi)開(kai)關(guan)的電(dian)源是由w線電(dian)源打(da)開(kai)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)而得(de)電(dian)，沒有(you)w線電(dian)壓空(kong)調(diao)控制(zhi)開(kai)關(guan)無法(fa)工(gong)作(zuo)，同(tong)樣道理可以利用(yong)(yong)這w線控制(zhi)起動后無法(fa)起動馬達，可以起到保護馬達的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。