一、汽車發電機工作原理是什么

汽車發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)是怎樣工(gong)作的(de)呢(ni)？當(dang)外電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)通(tong)(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷使勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，便(bian)產生磁(ci)場(chang)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)被磁(ci)化(hua)為N極(ji)和S極(ji)。當(dang)轉子(zi)旋(xuan)轉時，磁(ci)通(tong)(tong)交替地(di)在定子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)中(zhong)變化(hua)，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感(gan)應(ying)原理可知，定子(zi)的(de)三相繞(rao)組(zu)中(zhong)便(bian)產生交變的(de)感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，這就是汽車發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作原理。具體電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)為：蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池正極(ji)→充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)燈→調節(jie)器(qi)觸(chu)點→勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)阻→搭鐵(tie)→蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池負極(ji)。

由原(yuan)動機(ji)(ji)（即發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)）拖動直流勵磁的(de)同(tong)步發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉子(zi)，以(yi)轉速n（rpm）旋轉，三相定子(zi)繞(rao)阻便感應交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)。定子(zi)繞(rao)阻若接入用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)載，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)就有交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸出(chu)(chu)，經(jing)過發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)內部的(de)整流橋(qiao)將交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換成直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)從輸出(chu)(chu)端(duan)子(zi)輸出(chu)(chu)。

交流發電(dian)(dian)機分(fen)為(wei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)和(he)轉子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)兩(liang)部分(fen)，三相定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)按照(zhao)彼此(ci)相差120度(du)電(dian)(dian)角度(du)分(fen)布在(zai)殼體上，轉子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)由兩(liang)塊極爪組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。當(dang)轉子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)接通直流電(dian)(dian)時(shi)即(ji)被勵磁，兩(liang)塊極爪形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)N極和(he)S極。磁力線(xian)由N極出發，透過空氣(qi)間隙進(jin)入(ru)定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鐵心(xin)再(zai)回到相鄰的S極。轉子(zi)(zi)(zi)一旦旋(xuan)轉，轉子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)就會(hui)切(qie)割磁力線(xian)，在(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)中產生互差120度(du)電(dian)(dian)度(du)角的正弦電(dian)(dian)動勢，即(ji)三相交流電(dian)(dian)，再(zai)經由二極管組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的整流元件變為(wei)直流電(dian)(dian)輸出。

當(dang)開關閉合(he)后，首先由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。此時(shi)(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)由(you)于有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)通過，所以燈(deng)會亮。但(dan)發動機(ji)(ji)起動后，隨(sui)著(zhu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉速提高(gao)，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)也(ye)不斷升高(gao)。當(dang)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相等(deng)時(shi)(shi)，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)“B”端和“D”端的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位相等(deng)，此時(shi)(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)由(you)于兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差為零(ling)而熄滅(mie)。指(zhi)(zhi)示發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)已(yi)經(jing)正常工(gong)作(zuo)，勵磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)由(you)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)自(zi)己供給。發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)中三相繞阻所產生的三相交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢經(jing)二極管整流(liu)(liu)后，輸出(chu)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，向負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并向蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

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二、汽車驅動電機如何接線

1、汽(qi)車電機上(shang)會有B、B+、D+、E、W等符號(hao)以及(ji)相應的(de)接線(xian)點，通過這些符號(hao)將(jiang)線(xian)接入即可。

2、每臺電機都有一個最大接線點即B點端，這是連接到蓄電池(chi)，打開電源開關(guan)就有電壓。

3、E點是搭(da)鐵(tie)線(xian)，就(jiu)是負極。

4、D+接線端大(da)部連接充電(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示(shi)燈，電(dian)(dian)壓通過指(zhi)示(shi)燈到D+起到勵磁作用(yong)，如果拆(chai)下這條線指(zhi)示(shi)燈滅了，那么可以判(pan)斷電(dian)(dian)機不會充電(dian)(dian)，用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表測量需要有電(dian)(dian)壓，沒有電(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)電(dian)(dian)路斷路電(dian)(dian)機是(shi)不充電(dian)(dian)的(de)，也(ye)可以將這條線拆(chai)下直接搭鐵，如指(zhi)示(shi)燈亮(liang)可以判(pan)斷電(dian)(dian)路是(shi)正常的(de)。

5、W接線端是連(lian)接發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)轉速表（有的(de)沒用(yong)），有的(de)汽車(che)用(yong)W線來(lai)控(kong)制空調開關和熄(xi)火(huo)電磁閥，當發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)還工作時而(er)這(zhe)條線斷開，控(kong)制器判定發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)已熄(xi)火(huo)沒必要再打(da)開熄(xi)火(huo)電磁閥，所以(yi)這(zhe)時關閉(bi)電門鎖無(wu)法讓(rang)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)熄(xi)火(huo)

同樣，空(kong)調控(kong)制開(kai)關(guan)的電源(yuan)是由w線(xian)(xian)(xian)電源(yuan)打開(kai)繼電器而得電，沒有(you)w線(xian)(xian)(xian)電壓空(kong)調控(kong)制開(kai)關(guan)無法工(gong)作，同樣道理可(ke)以(yi)利用(yong)這w線(xian)(xian)(xian)控(kong)制起動(dong)后(hou)無法起動(dong)馬(ma)達(da)，可(ke)以(yi)起到保(bao)護馬(ma)達(da)的作用(yong)。