一、汽車發電機工作原理是什么

汽車發電(dian)(dian)機是怎樣工作(zuo)的(de)(de)呢？當(dang)外電(dian)(dian)路(lu)通過電(dian)(dian)刷(shua)使勵磁繞(rao)組通電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，便(bian)產生磁場(chang)，使電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)被(bei)磁化為N極(ji)(ji)和(he)S極(ji)(ji)。當(dang)轉子(zi)旋轉時(shi)，磁通交替地在定子(zi)繞(rao)組中(zhong)變化，根據電(dian)(dian)磁感應原(yuan)理(li)可知，定子(zi)的(de)(de)三相繞(rao)組中(zhong)便(bian)產生交變的(de)(de)感應電(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢，這就是汽車發電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理(li)。具體電(dian)(dian)路(lu)為：蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正極(ji)(ji)→充(chong)電(dian)(dian)指示(shi)燈→調節器(qi)觸(chu)點→勵磁繞(rao)阻→搭鐵→蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)負極(ji)(ji)。

由原(yuan)動機(ji)（即發(fa)動機(ji)）拖動直流勵磁的同步發(fa)電機(ji)轉子(zi)(zi)，以轉速(su)n（rpm）旋轉，三相定子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)阻便(bian)感(gan)應交流電勢。定子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)阻若(ruo)接入用電負載，電機(ji)就(jiu)有交流電能輸(shu)出(chu)，經(jing)過發(fa)電機(ji)內部的整(zheng)流橋將交流電轉換(huan)成直流電從輸(shu)出(chu)端子(zi)(zi)輸(shu)出(chu)。

交流發(fa)電機分為(wei)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)和(he)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)兩(liang)部分，三相定(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)按照彼(bi)此相差120度(du)電角(jiao)度(du)分布(bu)在(zai)殼(ke)體上，轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)由兩(liang)塊(kuai)極(ji)爪(zhua)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。當轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)接通直流電時即被勵磁(ci)，兩(liang)塊(kuai)極(ji)爪(zhua)形成(cheng)(cheng)N極(ji)和(he)S極(ji)。磁(ci)力(li)線由N極(ji)出發(fa)，透過(guo)空(kong)氣間隙(xi)進入(ru)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)鐵心(xin)再回到相鄰的S極(ji)。轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)一旦旋轉(zhuan)，轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)就會切割磁(ci)力(li)線，在(zai)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)中產生互差120度(du)電度(du)角(jiao)的正弦電動勢(shi)，即三相交流電，再經由二極(ji)管組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的整流元件變(bian)為(wei)直流電輸出。

當開(kai)關閉合(he)后(hou)，首先(xian)由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。此時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示燈由于有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)過(guo)，所(suo)以(yi)燈會亮(liang)。但發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)起動(dong)(dong)后(hou)，隨著發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速(su)提高(gao)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓也不斷升高(gao)。當發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相(xiang)等時(shi)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)“B”端和“D”端的電(dian)(dian)(dian)位相(xiang)等，此時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示燈由于兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)位差為零而熄(xi)滅。指(zhi)示發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)已經正常(chang)工作，勵(li)磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)由發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)自己供給。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)中三相(xiang)繞阻所(suo)產生的三相(xiang)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)勢經二極(ji)管整流(liu)后(hou)，輸出(chu)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，向(xiang)負(fu)載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并向(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"仰望星空"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、汽車驅動電機如何接線

1、汽車電(dian)機上會有B、B+、D+、E、W等(deng)符號以及相應的接(jie)線點，通過(guo)這些符號將(jiang)線接(jie)入(ru)即可。

2、每臺電機都有(you)一個最大接線(xian)點即B點端(duan)，這是連接到蓄電池，打開電源開關就有(you)電壓。

3、E點是搭鐵線，就是負(fu)極。

4、D+接(jie)(jie)線(xian)端大部連接(jie)(jie)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)燈(deng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)通(tong)過指示(shi)燈(deng)到(dao)D+起到(dao)勵磁作用，如果拆(chai)下這(zhe)條線(xian)指示(shi)燈(deng)滅了，那么可以判斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機不會(hui)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用萬用表測量需(xu)要(yao)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)斷(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機是不充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的，也可以將(jiang)這(zhe)條線(xian)拆(chai)下直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)搭鐵，如指示(shi)燈(deng)亮可以判斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)是正常(chang)的。

5、W接線(xian)端是連接發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)轉速表（有的沒(mei)用），有的汽車用W線(xian)來(lai)控制空(kong)調開(kai)關和熄火(huo)(huo)電磁閥，當發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)還工作時而這(zhe)(zhe)條線(xian)斷開(kai)，控制器(qi)判(pan)定發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)已熄火(huo)(huo)沒(mei)必要再打開(kai)熄火(huo)(huo)電磁閥，所以這(zhe)(zhe)時關閉電門鎖無法(fa)讓發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)熄火(huo)(huo)

同樣，空(kong)調控(kong)制開關(guan)的電(dian)(dian)源是(shi)由w線電(dian)(dian)源打開繼電(dian)(dian)器而得電(dian)(dian)，沒有w線電(dian)(dian)壓空(kong)調控(kong)制開關(guan)無法工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，同樣道理(li)可(ke)以利用(yong)這w線控(kong)制起動后無法起動馬(ma)達(da)，可(ke)以起到保護馬(ma)達(da)的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。