一、汽車發電機工作原理是什么

汽車(che)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機是(shi)怎樣工作的呢？當外電(dian)(dian)(dian)路通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷使勵(li)磁(ci)繞組通電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，便產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)磁(ci)場，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)極被磁(ci)化為N極和S極。當轉子旋轉時，磁(ci)通交替地在定(ding)子繞組中變化，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感應原(yuan)理(li)可知，定(ding)子的三相繞組中便產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)交變的感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)，這(zhe)就是(shi)汽車(che)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的工作原(yuan)理(li)。具體電(dian)(dian)(dian)路為：蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池正極→充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)指示燈→調節器觸點→勵(li)磁(ci)繞阻→搭鐵→蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池負(fu)極。

由原動(dong)(dong)機（即發動(dong)(dong)機）拖(tuo)動(dong)(dong)直流(liu)勵磁(ci)的(de)同步(bu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)，以轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速n（rpm）旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，三相(xiang)定子(zi)繞(rao)阻便感應交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)。定子(zi)繞(rao)阻若接入(ru)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)負載，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機就有交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸出，經過發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機內(nei)部的(de)整(zheng)流(liu)橋(qiao)將交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換成(cheng)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)從(cong)輸出端子(zi)輸出。

交(jiao)流(liu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機分為(wei)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)和轉子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)兩部(bu)分，三相定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)按照彼此相差120度電(dian)(dian)角(jiao)度分布在殼體上，轉子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)由(you)兩塊極(ji)(ji)爪組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。當轉子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)接通(tong)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)時即被(bei)勵磁，兩塊極(ji)(ji)爪形成(cheng)N極(ji)(ji)和S極(ji)(ji)。磁力線(xian)由(you)N極(ji)(ji)出(chu)發(fa)，透(tou)過空氣間隙進入(ru)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)鐵心再(zai)回到相鄰的(de)S極(ji)(ji)。轉子(zi)(zi)一(yi)旦旋轉，轉子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)就(jiu)會(hui)切割磁力線(xian)，在定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)中產(chan)生(sheng)互差120度電(dian)(dian)度角(jiao)的(de)正弦電(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)，即三相交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)，再(zai)經由(you)二極(ji)(ji)管組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的(de)整流(liu)元件變為(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)輸出(chu)。

當(dang)開關閉合后，首先由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。此時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)燈(deng)由(you)于有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過，所以燈(deng)會亮。但發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)起(qi)動(dong)后，隨著發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉速提高(gao)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)也不斷升高(gao)。當(dang)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)等(deng)時，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)“B”端(duan)(duan)和“D”端(duan)(duan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位相(xiang)等(deng)，此時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)燈(deng)由(you)于兩端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差為零而熄滅(mie)。指示(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)已經(jing)(jing)正(zheng)常工作，勵磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流由(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)自己供(gong)給。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)中三相(xiang)繞阻所產生的三相(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢經(jing)(jing)二極管整流后，輸出直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，向負載(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并向蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

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二、汽車驅動電機如何接線

1、汽車(che)電機上會(hui)有B、B+、D+、E、W等符號(hao)以及相(xiang)應的接(jie)線點，通過(guo)這些符號(hao)將線接(jie)入(ru)即可。

2、每(mei)臺(tai)電(dian)(dian)機都有一個(ge)最(zui)大接線點即B點端(duan)，這是連(lian)接到蓄電(dian)(dian)池，打開(kai)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開(kai)關就有電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

3、E點是搭鐵線，就(jiu)是負極。

4、D+接(jie)線端大(da)部連(lian)接(jie)充電(dian)(dian)指示燈，電(dian)(dian)壓通過指示燈到(dao)D+起到(dao)勵磁作用，如果(guo)拆(chai)下這(zhe)條線指示燈滅了(le)，那么可以(yi)判斷電(dian)(dian)機不會充電(dian)(dian)，用萬用表測量(liang)需要有電(dian)(dian)壓，沒有電(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)路斷路電(dian)(dian)機是(shi)(shi)不充電(dian)(dian)的，也(ye)可以(yi)將這(zhe)條線拆(chai)下直(zhi)接(jie)搭鐵，如指示燈亮可以(yi)判斷電(dian)(dian)路是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)常的。

5、W接線(xian)端是連接發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)轉速表（有的沒用），有的汽車用W線(xian)來控制(zhi)空調開(kai)關(guan)和熄火電磁閥(fa)，當發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)還工作(zuo)時(shi)而(er)這條線(xian)斷(duan)開(kai)，控制(zhi)器判定發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)已熄火沒必要再打開(kai)熄火電磁閥(fa)，所以這時(shi)關(guan)閉電門(men)鎖無法讓發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)熄火

同樣(yang)，空(kong)調控制(zhi)開關的電(dian)源是由w線電(dian)源打開繼電(dian)器(qi)而得電(dian)，沒有w線電(dian)壓空(kong)調控制(zhi)開關無法工(gong)作(zuo)，同樣(yang)道(dao)理(li)可以利用這w線控制(zhi)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)后(hou)無法起(qi)動(dong)(dong)馬達，可以起(qi)到(dao)保護馬達的作(zuo)用。