桂林市是世界著名(ming)的(de)風(feng)景(jing)游覽城市(shi)和中(zhong)國歷史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)名(ming)城,是廣(guang)西東北部地區(qu)及桂湘交界地區(qu)的(de)政治(zhi)、經濟(ji)、文(wen)化(hua)(hua)、科(ke)技中(zhong)心(xin)。桂林市(shi)轄秀峰、疊彩、象(xiang)山、七(qi)星、雁(yan)山、臨(lin)桂6個(ge)(ge)(ge)區(qu)及陽朔、靈川、全州、興安、永福(fu)、灌陽、龍勝、資源、平樂、荔浦、恭城11個(ge)(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian))。區(qu)縣(xian)(xian)下轄13個(ge)(ge)(ge)街道辦(ban)事處,86個(ge)(ge)(ge)鎮、48個(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉其中(zhong)有15個(ge)(ge)(ge)民(min)族鄉,237個(ge)(ge)(ge)(社(she)區(qu))居民(min)委(wei)(wei)員會、1654個(ge)(ge)(ge)村民(min)委(wei)(wei)員會。2017年(nian)末,全市(shi)戶籍(ji)總人口534.08萬(wan)人。
桂林(lin)(lin)位(wei)于泛珠三角、西(xi)(xi)南(nan)、東(dong)盟三大經(jing)(jing)濟圈的(de)(de)結合(he)部(bu),地(di)處(chu)成渝經(jing)(jing)濟區(qu)、中部(bu)經(jing)(jing)濟試驗區(qu)、泛珠三角經(jing)(jing)濟區(qu)、泛北部(bu)灣經(jing)(jing)濟區(qu)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)匯處(chu),是溝通(tong)國(guo)(guo)內西(xi)(xi)南(nan)與華(hua)南(nan)沿海(hai)經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)橋梁,是貫通(tong)國(guo)(guo)內與東(dong)盟的(de)(de)樞紐(niu)。桂林(lin)(lin)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)便(bian)捷,自秦開(kai)鑿靈渠溝通(tong)珠江(jiang)、長江(jiang)兩大水系起,桂林(lin)(lin)就一直是聯系嶺南(nan)與長江(jiang)流(liu)域的(de)(de)咽喉(hou)要地(di)。目前,桂林(lin)(lin)已(yi)構(gou)筑航空、鐵路(lu)、公(gong)路(lu)、水運等四通(tong)八達(da)的(de)(de)復(fu)合(he)式、立體化便(bian)捷的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)網(wang)絡,桂林(lin)(lin)區(qu)域性交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)樞紐(niu)地(di)位(wei)凸顯。
桂林(lin)市(shi)位于南嶺山(shan)系西(xi)(xi)南部(bu)(bu),地處(chu)湘(xiang)桂走廊(lang)南端,廣西(xi)(xi)壯族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)東(dong)北部(bu)(bu),地處(chu)東(dong)經109°36'50″—111°29'30″,北緯24°15'23″—26°23'30″,境域(yu)南北長236公(gong)里(li)、東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬189公(gong)里(li)。北部(bu)(bu)及東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)與湖南省(sheng)交界,東(dong)南部(bu)(bu)與廣西(xi)(xi)壯族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)賀州市(shi)接(jie)壤,南部(bu)(bu)與廣西(xi)(xi)壯族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)梧州市(shi)及來賓(bin)市(shi)毗鄰,西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)及西(xi)(xi)南部(bu)(bu)與廣西(xi)(xi)壯族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)柳(liu)州市(shi)相接(jie),總(zong)面積(ji)2.77萬平方公(gong)里(li)(其中中心城(cheng)區(qu)866.36平方公(gong)里(li)),占廣西(xi)(xi)壯族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)總(zong)面積(ji)的11.74%。
桂(gui)(gui)林市位于南(nan)(nan)嶺山系西(xi)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)、桂(gui)(gui)林—陽朔(shuo)巖溶盆地北(bei)(bei)端中(zhong)部(bu),處在(zai)“湘桂(gui)(gui)夾(jia)道”中(zhong)。地形為西(xi)部(bu)、北(bei)(bei)部(bu)及東南(nan)(nan)部(bu)高(gao)(gao),中(zhong)部(bu)較低(di)。以中(zhong)山或低(di)中(zhong)山地形為主(zhu),山峰海拔(ba)多在(zai)1000米,越(yue)城(cheng)嶺主(zhu)峰貓(mao)兒山海拔(ba)2141.5米,稱華(hua)南(nan)(nan)第(di)一峰。平樂縣海拔(ba)低(di)至97米。山峰與盆地間的相(xiang)對高(gao)(gao)差為600~1600米,坡度20°~45°。
桂林地處低緯,屬亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)季風氣候(hou)(hou)。境內(nei)氣候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和(he),雨(yu)量充沛(pei),無霜(shuang)期(qi)長,光照充足,熱(re)量豐富,夏(xia)長冬短(duan),四季分(fen)明且(qie)雨(yu)熱(re)基(ji)本同(tong)季,氣候(hou)(hou)條件十(shi)分(fen)優越,唐代詩人(ren)杜(du)甫以(yi)(yi)“五嶺(ling)皆炎熱(re),宜人(ren)獨桂林”贊譽桂林的氣候(hou)(hou)。桂林三冬少(shao)雪,四季常花,(1981-2010年)年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)接(jie)近19.1攝氏(shi)度。7、8兩月(yue)最熱(re),平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)為28攝氏(shi)度左右(you),1、2兩月(yue)最冷,平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)為9攝氏(shi)度左右(you),最低氣溫(wen)(wen)偶爾降到攝氏(shi)0度以(yi)(yi)下,年平(ping)均降水(shui)日數166天,連續降水(shui)最長日數30天,年平(ping)均降雨(yu)量1887.6毫米(mi),年平(ping)均相(xiang)對濕度為76%。全年風向以(yi)(yi)偏北風為主,平(ping)均風速為2.2~2.7米(mi)/秒,年平(ping)均日照時(shi)數為1447.1小時(shi),平(ping)均氣壓(ya)為995.1百帕。
桂林地(di)處南陵(ling)山系的(de)西南部,屬(shu)紅(hong)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)帶,以紅(hong)壤(rang)為主(zhu)。酸堿度為4.5--6.5。依其(qi)成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)的(de)母質(zhi)可分為紅(hong)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)、石灰土(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)、沖(chong)擊(ji)土(tu)(tu)、水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)等5個(ge)土(tu)(tu)類(lei),14個(ge)亞類(lei),36個(ge)土(tu)(tu)屬(shu),89個(ge)品種。河流沖(chong)積(ji)母質(zhi)砂(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)和(he)水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)層深厚,耕(geng)種性良好(hao),是水(shui)稻(dao)和(he)蔬菜高產(chan)區。中色石灰土(tu)(tu)和(he)黑色石灰土(tu)(tu),宜旱地(di)作(zuo)物和(he)林業生產(chan)。要農作(zuo)物和(he)經濟作(zuo)物有(you):水(shui)稻(dao)、羅漢果(guo)、毛(mao)竹、柑橘(ju)、柚(you)子、馬蹄、紅(hong)薯、白果(guo)、板(ban)栗、沙田(tian)柚(you)、金(jin)桔。
桂林市礦(kuang)產(chan)資源(yuan)較為豐富(fu),迄今為止(zhi),已發(fa)現可利(li)用(yong)礦(kuang)產(chan)48種(zhong),其(qi)中查明有一定(ding)資源(yuan)儲量并開(kai)發(fa)利(li)用(yong)的(de)礦(kuang)產(chan)40種(zhong)。在(zai)查明資源(yuan)儲量的(de)礦(kuang)產(chan)中有17種(zhong)位居(ju)全區前(qian)列(lie)。其(qi)中,滑石礦(kuang)質量居(ju)世界前(qian)列(lie),探(tan)明資源(yuan)儲量居(ju)全國前(qian)列(lie);鉛鋅、鈮鉭、花崗巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、石灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、大(da)理(li)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、重(zhong)晶石、礦(kuang)泉水等資源(yuan)前(qian)景較好;滑石、大(da)理(li)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、花崗巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、石灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、螢石、礦(kuang)泉水及雞(ji)血石等具有較大(da)開(kai)發(fa)潛(qian)力。
桂林(lin)(lin)(lin)市(shi)已建立12個自然保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區,總面積(ji)42.7萬公頃,占(zhan)全市(shi)國(guo)土面積(ji)的15.36%,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)級自然保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區4處。桂林(lin)(lin)(lin)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)資源(yuan)豐富,樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資源(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類繁多(duo),全市(shi)共有(you)維管束植物(wu)249科,1103屬,區域內已知高等植物(wu)有(you)2000多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資源(yuan)有(you)用(yong)材林(lin)(lin)(lin)、經濟林(lin)(lin)(lin)、竹類、防護(hu)(hu)(hu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(含水源(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin))、綠化樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和石山樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)銀杉、桫欏為國(guo)家(jia)一級保護(hu)(hu)(hu)植物(wu)。林(lin)(lin)(lin)副產品資源(yuan)有(you)松脂、烤(kao)膠(jiao)原(yuan)料(liao)、干果、香菇、木耳、棕皮、羅漢果等。野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)繁多(duo),陸棲脊椎野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)約545種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩棲類36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬行類58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥(niao)類375種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),獸類76種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。屬國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保護(hu)(hu)(hu)的珍稀瀕危(wei)動(dong)物(wu)69種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括黃(huang)腹角雉、白頸長尾雉、金(jin)雕、蟒蛇、豹、云豹、林(lin)(lin)(lin)麝7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)一級重(zhong)點保護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)。
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