蓄電池自行放電
蓄電池充足電后未經(jing)使用,電量逐(zhu)漸減少的現象(xiang)。主要是蓄(xu)電池電極(ji)材料不純、電解液(ye)不純、存放溫度過(guo)高,或是蓄(xu)電池長(chang)期(qi)放置不用,硫酸(suan)下(xia)沉,極(ji)板上下(xia)部產(chan)生電位差等(deng)原因所(suo)致。
處理方法:
1、堅持蓄電池(chi)外部清(qing)洗,留意常常鏟除極柱處的氧化(hua)物和酸(suan)垢(gou)。
2、電池彌補加水時必定(ding)要加去(qu)離子水或蒸餾水。
3、加完液(ye)的電池如需長時刻(ke)貯(zhu)存,宜(yi)換成較稀(xi)的電解(jie)液(ye)而(er)且每月進行一次彌彌補電。
4、自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較輕的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池,可將(jiang)其完(wan)全(quan)放(fang)完(wan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),使(shi)極板上的雜質析(xi)出(chu)(chu)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液中,倒出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液,用(yong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)反復清洗干凈(jing),再加(jia)(jia)入(ru)新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液,充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)即可使(shi)用(yong);自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較為嚴重時,應將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池完(wan)全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),倒出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液,取出(chu)(chu)極板組(zu)(zu),抽(chou)出(chu)(chu)隔板,用(yong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)沖洗之后(hou)重新組(zu)(zu)裝,加(jia)(jia)入(ru)新的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液重新充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)使(shi)用(yong)。
蓄電池電解液消耗過快
可能與外殼、封口膠開(kai)裂(lie),充電(dian)電(dian)流過大,行駛道路顛(dian)簸等所(suo)導致(zhi)的漏液(ye)、溢液(ye)有關。
處理方法:
1、檢查(cha)蓄電池殼有無破裂(lie),塞子(zi)是否旋(xuan)緊,蓋(gai)子(zi)四周(zhou)封口膠有無裂(lie)縫(feng)。如屬上(shang)述(shu)原因,應(ying)修(xiu)理或更換外殼,修(xiu)復后應(ying)添(tian)加(jia)電解(jie)液。
2、檢(jian)查節壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)否(fou)失調或限額電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是(shi)否(fou)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)標準。如(ru)果是(shi),應對節壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)進(jin)行檢(jian)修和調整(zheng)。因為限額電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)(guo)(guo)高可(ke)使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)(guo)(guo)大,蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長時間處(chu)于過(guo)(guo)(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下,會引(yin)起蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度升高,電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)沸騰,產生大量的氣泡(pao)向外蒸發(fa),使電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)消耗過(guo)(guo)(guo)快(kuai)。在調整(zheng)好(hao)節壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)后可(ke)向蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內添(tian)加蒸餾水(shui)(shui),因為蒸發(fa)損失的是(shi)水(shui)(shui)分。
充電系統不充電
表現為發動機中高速運轉時,充電(dian)指(zhi)示燈不(bu)熄滅(mie)。主要原因(yin)是(shi)發電(dian)機(ji)傳動皮帶打滑或折斷,線(xian)路斷路或短路,調節器損壞,或是(shi)發電(dian)機(ji)不(bu)能發電(dian)。
處理方法:
1、斷開點火開關(guan),檢查交流發(fa)電機傳動皮帶的撓(nao)度是否(fou)符(fu)合規(gui)定(5~7mm),撓(nao)度過(guo)大應予調(diao)整(zheng);如傳動的撓(nao)度正常,則(ze)繼(ji)續檢查。
2、拆下(xia)調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)接線(xian)(xian)(xian)端子(zi)上的(de)(de)導線(xian)(xian)(xian),接通點火開關,用萬用表檢(jian)測調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)接線(xian)(xian)(xian)端子(zi)上的(de)(de)導線(xian)(xian)(xian)電壓(ya)(ya),如電壓(ya)(ya)為零(ling),充電指示燈發亮,說(shuo)明與(yu)調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)之間的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路搭鐵,應予檢(jian)修(xiu)或更(geng)換;如調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)接線(xian)(xian)(xian)端子(zi)上的(de)(de)導線(xian)(xian)(xian)電壓(ya)(ya)等于蓄(xu)電池的(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya),再繼續(xu)檢(jian)查(cha)。
3、檢查電(dian)(dian)刷與電(dian)(dian)刷,檢查電(dian)(dian)刷與滑環接觸是否(fou)良(liang)好(hao),否(fou)則應予檢修(xiu)或更(geng)換(huan);如接觸良(liang)好(hao),再繼續檢查。
4、檢查調節有無故(gu)障,如(ru)有則(ze)需(xu)更(geng)換調節器(qi)總成(cheng)。
5、檢(jian)測發電機的定子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組、轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組有無器(qi)檢(jian)測整(zheng)流器(qi)有無故障(zhang);如有應(ying)予(yu)更換。
起動機轉動無力或無動作
主要是(shi)蓄電(dian)池虧電(dian),電(dian)極(ji)極(ji)柱污染(ran)造成接(jie)觸不(bu)良,電(dian)極(ji)極(ji)柱連接(jie)松(song)動,相關導(dao)線斷路、連接(jie)不(bu)良或連接(jie)錯誤,起動機元件失(shi)調或失(shi)效所致(zhi)。
處理方法:
1、可用導體搭(da)接起(qi)(qi)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)開關上的兩個(ge)接線柱,若(ruo)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)明(ming)(ming)顯增(zeng)快,說明(ming)(ming)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)開關觸(chu)點接觸(chu)不良,電(dian)阻增(zeng)大;若(ruo)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)無變化,則應該檢查蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)是否充足;電(dian)刷(shua)磨損是否過大,電(dian)刷(shua)彈(dan)簧(huang)是否過弱。
2、起(qi)動機內部電(dian)樞線(xian)圈(quan)或磁場線(xian)圈(quan)局部短(duan)路,也是(shi)造成起(qi)動機無力的原因之一。可仔細撫(fu)摸起(qi)動電(dian)路導(dao)線(xian)及接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)處,不(bu)良的導(dao)線(xian)和松(song)動,銹蝕的接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou),都會因電(dian)阻增(zeng)大而發熱。
3、起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)內部機(ji)械故障也會影響起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)的正常運轉。若(ruo)電源、起(qi)動(dong)電路、起(qi)動(dong)開關均(jun)完好,則應該(gai)檢查起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)軸(zhou)承是(shi)(shi)否(fou)過緊;電樞軸(zhou)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)彎曲造成(cheng)電樞與磁極相互(hu)摩擦等。
4、低(di)溫條件下,蓄電(dian)池(chi)內電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)也會增(zeng)(zeng)大(da),端電(dian)壓降低(di),發(fa)動(dong)機摩(mo)擦阻(zu)(zu)力增(zeng)(zeng)大(da),也同樣(yang)會產生(sheng)起動(dong)機無力緩(huan)慢的癥狀。
起動機空轉
接通起動(dong)(dong)開關,起動(dong)(dong)機空轉,而發動(dong)(dong)機不(bu)轉。故(gu)障主要在起動(dong)(dong)機的操(cao)縱和控制部分,或(huo)是起動(dong)(dong)機的單(dan)向嚙(nie)合器(qi)。
處理方法:
1、我們先檢查起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)音是否正常。如果聲(sheng)(sheng)音是不正常且有刺耳(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)響動(dong),那么這個時(shi)(shi)候(hou)起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪就(jiu)被破壞(huai)了。自然就(jiu)會(hui)出現空(kong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)發生,最好(hao)是把破壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪更換,同時(shi)(shi)檢查新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪是否有碰撞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)并且給齒輪上使用潤滑油(you),這樣(yang)就(jiu)不會(hui)出現無故的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)損。起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)就(jiu)能(neng)恢復到(dao)正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態,此時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車就(jiu)能(neng)安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行。這個時(shi)(shi)候(hou)汽(qi)油(you)也(ye)不會(hui)被過(guo)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗。汽(qi)車起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)傳(chuan)動(dong)連接器出現故障,這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)也(ye)會(hui)導(dao)致起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)空(kong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。
2、一般(ban)出現最多的(de)(de)是連接器的(de)(de)彈簧(huang)(huang)片斷裂。這(zhe)個東西只要(yao)被(bei)重物壓榨就會斷裂,更換新的(de)(de)彈簧(huang)(huang)片就能讓連接器恢復正常。這(zhe)是起(qi)動機空轉的(de)(de)主要(yao)原因(yin),只要(yao)按照出現問題的(de)(de)原因(yin)來解(jie)答。
空調不工作
空調冷(leng)氣(qi)系統不制(zhi)冷(leng)、制(zhi)冷(leng)不足(zu)或(huo)(huo)產生異響。一般與電氣(qi)或(huo)(huo)線(xian)路故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)、功能部(bu)件的機械(xie)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)、制(zhi)冷(leng)劑或(huo)(huo)冷(leng)凍機油不足(zu)有關。
處理方法:
1、啟動發動機(ji)(ji),在怠速狀態(tai)下(xia)打開空調開關,觀(guan)察和聽發動機(ji)(ji)有(you)沒有(you)變化,比如這時發動機(ji)(ji)轉數(shu)明(ming)顯(xian)提高說明(ming)空調泵是好用的。
2、檢查空(kong)調泵(beng)(beng)(beng)電(dian)子(zi)離合,方法是在汽車怠(dai)速狀態下(xia)打開(kai)和關(guan)(guan)閉空(kong)調開(kai)關(guan)(guan)反復幾次,觀察空(kong)調泵(beng)(beng)(beng)正常應該是打開(kai)空(kong)調開(kai)關(guan)(guan)時(shi),空(kong)調泵(beng)(beng)(beng)在皮(pi)帶的帶動下(xia)工作。如(ru)果打開(kai)空(kong)調開(kai)關(guan)(guan)觀察只是皮(pi)帶輪(lun)轉,空(kong)調泵(beng)(beng)(beng)軸(zhou)沒轉,說(shuo)明(ming)是空(kong)調泵(beng)(beng)(beng)電(dian)子(zi)離合出(chu)了故障。
3、檢查有沒有空調系統(tong)漏氣。如(ru)果(guo)漏氣空調泵(beng)也不會工作。