【有(you)源器件(jian)(jian) 無源器件(jian)(jian)】有(you)源器件(jian)(jian)和無源器件(jian)(jian)的(de)區別 有(you)源器件(jian)(jian)的(de)分類有(you)哪些(xie)

有源器件和無源器件的區別

有源器件是指需要外加電源才可以工作的電子元件，它(ta)需要(yao)(yao)能(neng)量來(lai)實行它(ta)特定的(de)(de)功能(neng)，有(you)源(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)般用來(lai)信號(hao)(hao)放大、變換等，有(you)源(yuan)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)般是(shi)指(zhi)二極管(guan)、晶體管(guan)、場效應管(guan)。無源(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)主要(yao)(yao)指(zhi)在(zai)不需要(yao)(yao)外加電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)下，就可以顯示(shi)其特性的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。無源(yuan)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)阻類(lei)、電(dian)(dian)感類(lei)和電(dian)(dian)容(rong)類(lei)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，它(ta)們的(de)(de)共同特點(dian)是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)無需加電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)即可在(zai)有(you)信號(hao)(hao)時工作(zuo)。無源(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)用來(lai)進(jin)行信號(hao)(hao)傳輸，或者(zhe)通(tong)過方向性進(jin)行“信號(hao)(hao)放大”的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。籠統的(de)(de)說有(you)極性的(de)(de)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為有(you)源(yuan)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，無極性的(de)(de)稱謂無源(yuan)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。

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有源器件的分類有哪些

電子管

電(dian)子管又(you)名真(zhen)空管，所(suo)以又(you)稱為電(dian)真(zhen)空器(qi)件(jian)。

電子管不論二極還是多極，它都有陽極和陰極，陰極在外加電源的作用下，發射電子向陽極流動。外加電源可以直接加在陰極上，也可以加在另外的加熱燈絲上。就是因為這個外加電源的存在，而統稱為有源器件。電子管是最早的有源電子元件，分二極管、三極管與多極管。隨著電子技術的發展，電子管因其體(ti)積大、重量重、耗(hao)電大等等缺點，而先后讓位(wei)給晶體(ti)管(guan)和集成電路(lu)。但(dan)是，在許多場(chang)合電子管(guan)繼續發揮作用。例如：大功率(lv)發射(she)機(ji)的(de)末級功率(lv)放大；各類顯(xian)示(shi)器的(de)顯(xian)示(shi)管(guan)；電視機(ji)的(de)顯(xian)像管(guan)等。

晶體管

晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)管屬(shu)于半(ban)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)器(qi)件(jian)。導電能力介(jie)于導體(ti)(ti)(ti)與絕(jue)緣體(ti)(ti)(ti)之間的物質稱(cheng)為半(ban)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)。如硅、鍺晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)都屬(shu)于半(ban)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)。所以用這些晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)材(cai)料做(zuo)成(cheng)的電子器(qi)件(jian)，稱(cheng)為晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)管。它分(fen)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)二極(ji)(ji)管和晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)三極(ji)(ji)管。

晶體管晶(jing)體(ti)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)導(dao)體(ti)材料按(an)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)特(te)性(xing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)分為(wei)(wei)P型(xing)和N型(xing)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，這兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)結合的(de)(de)(de)介面稱為(wei)(wei)PN結。PN結是(shi)(shi)(shi)構成各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)器件的(de)(de)(de)基礎。P區為(wei)(wei)正極(ji)，N區為(wei)(wei)負極(ji)。二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)向(xiang)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)：正向(xiang)導(dao)通(tong)(tong)、反向(xiang)截止。二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)途是(shi)(shi)(shi)整(zheng)流(liu)、檢(jian)波及(ji)需(xu)要(yao)單(dan)(dan)向(xiang)導(dao)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)。晶(jing)體(ti)三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)子線路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)核心元件之一(yi)，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)(shi)在最基本的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)路(lu)中廣泛(fan)應用(yong)。晶(jing)體(ti)三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)由兩(liang)個(ge)PN結組成。兩(liang)個(ge)P型(xing)加一(yi)個(ge)N型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)叫PnP型(xing)；兩(liang)個(ge)N型(xing)加一(yi)個(ge)P型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)叫NpN型(xing)。晶(jing)體(ti)三級(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)參(can)數(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)倍數(shu)B，其大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)范圍可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)從幾倍到(dao)幾百倍。晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)(guan)中還有兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)殊管(guan)(guan)子，它們是(shi)(shi)(shi)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)和場效應管(guan)(guan)，晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)原稱可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅。它的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)小(xiao)信號(hao)控(kong)制大(da)(da)(da)信號(hao)，其大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達幾百倍。最常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅整(zheng)流(liu)和電(dian)(dian)路(lu)保護。場效應管(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)壓控(kong)制元件，其輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)取決于輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)。其輸(shu)入(ru)阻抗很高，放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)失真小(xiao)，所以被廣泛(fan)應用(yong)于放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)和數(shu)字(zi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中。

集成電路

電路顧名(ming)思(si)義是(shi)將有源器件和無源器件及連接線(xian)等集(ji)中制造在一(yi)個很小的硅片上(shang)，再(zai)經引線(xian)和封裝，形成(cheng)一(yi)個有預定功能的微型整體(ti)。（符號為IC）。集(ji)成(cheng)電路的優(you)點是(shi)體(ti)積小、壽命長、成(cheng)本(ben)低、可靠性(xing)高性(xing)能好(hao)。當(dang)前(qian)集(ji)成(cheng)電路及大規模集(ji)成(cheng)電路越來(lai)越被廣泛的應用。