【有(you)(you)源(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian) 無源(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)】有(you)(you)源(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)和無源(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)的區別 有(you)(you)源(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)的分(fen)類有(you)(you)哪些

有源器件和無源器件的區別

有源器件是指需要外加電源才可以工作的電子元件，它需要(yao)(yao)能量來(lai)實行它特(te)定的功能，有源(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)般(ban)用來(lai)信(xin)號放(fang)大(da)、變(bian)換(huan)等(deng)，有源(yuan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)般(ban)是指二極管(guan)、晶(jing)體管(guan)、場效應管(guan)。無(wu)源(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)指在不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)外加電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的條件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)，就可以顯示其特(te)性的電(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。無(wu)源(yuan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是電(dian)(dian)阻類、電(dian)(dian)感類和電(dian)(dian)容類器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，它們的共同特(te)點是在電(dian)(dian)路中無(wu)需加電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)即可在有信(xin)號時工作。無(wu)源(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)是用來(lai)進行信(xin)號傳輸，或者通(tong)過方向性進行“信(xin)號放(fang)大(da)”的電(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。籠統的說有極性的元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)為有源(yuan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，無(wu)極性的稱謂無(wu)源(yuan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

有源器件的分類有哪些

電子管

電子管又(you)名(ming)真空管，所以又(you)稱為電真空器件。

電子管不論二極還是多極，它都有陽極和陰極，陰極在外加電源的作用下，發射電子向陽極流動。外加電源可以直接加在陰極上，也可以加在另外的加熱燈絲上。就是因為這個外加電源的存在，而統稱為有源器件。電子管是最早的有源電子元件，分二極管、三極管與多極管。隨著電子技術的發展，電子管因其體積大(da)、重量重、耗電大(da)等等缺點，而(er)先后讓位給晶體管和集成電路(lu)。但(dan)是，在許多(duo)場合(he)電子管繼續發(fa)(fa)揮作(zuo)用。例如(ru)：大(da)功率發(fa)(fa)射機的(de)末級功率放大(da)；各類顯(xian)示器的(de)顯(xian)示管；電視機的(de)顯(xian)像(xiang)管等。

晶體管

晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)屬于(yu)(yu)半導(dao)體(ti)器(qi)件。導(dao)電(dian)能力介于(yu)(yu)導(dao)體(ti)與絕緣體(ti)之間的物質稱為半導(dao)體(ti)。如(ru)硅、鍺晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)都(dou)屬于(yu)(yu)半導(dao)體(ti)。所以(yi)用這(zhe)些晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)材料做成的電(dian)子器(qi)件，稱為晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)。它分晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)二(er)極管(guan)和(he)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)三極管(guan)。

晶體管晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導體(ti)(ti)材料(liao)按導電(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性可(ke)(ke)分為P型(xing)(xing)和(he)N型(xing)(xing)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)，這(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)半導體(ti)(ti)結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介(jie)面(mian)稱為PN結。PN結是(shi)(shi)(shi)構成各種(zhong)半導體(ti)(ti)器(qi)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。P區為正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)，N區為負極(ji)(ji)。二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單向導電(dian)(dian)(dian)性，是(shi)(shi)(shi)二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性：正(zheng)向導通、反(fan)向截止。二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)途是(shi)(shi)(shi)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)、檢波及需要(yao)單向導通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子線路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心元件之一，尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)在最(zui)基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)路中(zhong)廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)。晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)由兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)PN結組成。兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)P型(xing)(xing)加(jia)一個(ge)(ge)N型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叫PnP型(xing)(xing)；兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)N型(xing)(xing)加(jia)一個(ge)(ge)P型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叫NpN型(xing)(xing)。晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)三級管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)參數(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)倍(bei)數(shu)(shu)B，其大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)范圍可(ke)(ke)從幾(ji)倍(bei)到幾(ji)百(bai)倍(bei)。晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)還有兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)特(te)殊管(guan)(guan)(guan)子，它們是(shi)(shi)(shi)晶(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)(guan)(guan)，晶(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)原稱可(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)信號控(kong)制(zhi)大(da)(da)信號，其大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)可(ke)(ke)達(da)幾(ji)百(bai)倍(bei)。最(zui)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路保(bao)護。場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓控(kong)制(zhi)元件，其輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)取決于(yu)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。其輸(shu)入阻(zu)抗很高(gao)，放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)失(shi)真小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，所以(yi)被(bei)廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)于(yu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)和(he)數(shu)(shu)字電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)。

集成電路

電路(lu)(lu)顧名思(si)義是將(jiang)有源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)和(he)無(wu)源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)及連接(jie)線(xian)等集中制造在一(yi)個很小的(de)(de)硅片上，再經(jing)引(yin)線(xian)和(he)封裝，形成(cheng)一(yi)個有預定功(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)微型整體。（符號為IC）。集成(cheng)電路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)優點(dian)是體積小、壽命(ming)長、成(cheng)本低、可靠性(xing)高(gao)性(xing)能(neng)好。當前集成(cheng)電路(lu)(lu)及大規模集成(cheng)電路(lu)(lu)越來越被(bei)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)應用(yong)。