【有源(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian) 無源(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)】有源(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)和無源(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)區別 有源(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)分類有哪些

有源器件和無源器件的區別

有源器件是指需要外加電源才可以工作的電子元件，它需要(yao)能量來實(shi)行它特定的(de)(de)功能，有源(yuan)器件(jian)一般用來信(xin)(xin)號放大(da)、變換(huan)等，有源(yuan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)一般是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)二極管(guan)(guan)(guan)、晶體管(guan)(guan)(guan)、場效應管(guan)(guan)(guan)。無(wu)(wu)源(yuan)器件(jian)主(zhu)要(yao)指(zhi)在不(bu)需要(yao)外加(jia)電源(yuan)的(de)(de)條件(jian)下，就可(ke)以顯示其特性(xing)的(de)(de)電子元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)。無(wu)(wu)源(yuan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)電阻類、電感(gan)類和電容類器件(jian)，它們(men)的(de)(de)共同特點是(shi)(shi)在電路中無(wu)(wu)需加(jia)電源(yuan)即可(ke)在有信(xin)(xin)號時工作。無(wu)(wu)源(yuan)器件(jian)是(shi)(shi)用來進行信(xin)(xin)號傳輸，或者通過方向性(xing)進行“信(xin)(xin)號放大(da)”的(de)(de)電子元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)。籠統的(de)(de)說有極性(xing)的(de)(de)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)為有源(yuan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)，無(wu)(wu)極性(xing)的(de)(de)稱謂無(wu)(wu)源(yuan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

有源器件的分類有哪些

電子管

電(dian)(dian)子管又名(ming)真空(kong)管，所以又稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)真空(kong)器件。

電子管不論二極還是多極，它都有陽極和陰極，陰極在外加電源的作用下，發射電子向陽極流動。外加電源可以直接加在陰極上，也可以加在另外的加熱燈絲上。就是因為這個外加電源的存在，而統稱為有源器件。電子管是最早的有源電子元件，分二極管、三極管與多極管。隨著電子技術的發展，電子管因其體(ti)積大(da)(da)、重量(liang)重、耗電大(da)(da)等(deng)等(deng)缺(que)點(dian)，而先后讓(rang)位給晶體(ti)管(guan)和集成電路(lu)。但(dan)是，在許多場合電子管(guan)繼(ji)續發揮作用。例如：大(da)(da)功(gong)率(lv)發射機的(de)末級功(gong)率(lv)放大(da)(da)；各(ge)類顯示(shi)器的(de)顯示(shi)管(guan)；電視機的(de)顯像管(guan)等(deng)。

晶體管

晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)屬(shu)于半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)器件(jian)。導(dao)電(dian)能(neng)力(li)介于導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)與絕緣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)之間(jian)的(de)物質稱為半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。如硅、鍺晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)都屬(shu)于半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。所(suo)以用這些晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)材料做成的(de)電(dian)子器件(jian)，稱為晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)。它分晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)二極管(guan)(guan)和晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)三極管(guan)(guan)。

晶體管晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導體(ti)(ti)材(cai)料按導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性(xing)可(ke)分為P型(xing)和(he)N型(xing)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，這(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)半導體(ti)(ti)結合的(de)(de)介(jie)面稱為PN結。PN結是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)構成各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)半導體(ti)(ti)器件的(de)(de)基礎。P區為正極(ji)(ji)，N區為負(fu)極(ji)(ji)。二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)單(dan)向導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)最(zui)重要的(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)：正向導通、反向截止。二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)主要用(yong)途(tu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整流(liu)、檢波(bo)及(ji)需要單(dan)向導通的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子線路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)核心元件之(zhi)一(yi)，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在最(zui)基本的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)放大(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)。晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)由兩(liang)(liang)個PN結組成。兩(liang)(liang)個P型(xing)加一(yi)個N型(xing)的(de)(de)叫(jiao)PnP型(xing)；兩(liang)(liang)個N型(xing)加一(yi)個P型(xing)的(de)(de)叫(jiao)NpN型(xing)。晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)三(san)級管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)重要參數是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)它(ta)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放大(da)(da)倍數B，其(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)小(xiao)范圍可(ke)從(cong)幾倍到幾百倍。晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)還有兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)殊管(guan)(guan)(guan)子，它(ta)們是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晶(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)場效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，晶(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)原稱可(ke)控硅。它(ta)的(de)(de)特(te)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)小(xiao)信(xin)號控制(zhi)大(da)(da)信(xin)號，其(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)小(xiao)可(ke)達幾百倍。最(zui)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)控硅整流(liu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)保護。場效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)控制(zhi)元件，其(qi)(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)取決于輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)。其(qi)(qi)輸入阻抗很高，放大(da)(da)失真小(xiao)，所以被廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于放大(da)(da)和(he)數字電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)。

集成電路

電路(lu)顧名(ming)思義(yi)是將有(you)源器件和無源器件及連接線(xian)等(deng)集(ji)中制造在一(yi)個(ge)很(hen)小(xiao)的硅片(pian)上，再(zai)經(jing)引線(xian)和封裝，形成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)有(you)預定功(gong)能的微型整體。（符號為IC）。集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電路(lu)的優點是體積小(xiao)、壽命長、成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低、可靠性高性能好。當(dang)前集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電路(lu)及大(da)規模(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電路(lu)越來越被廣泛(fan)的應用。