【有源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian) 無源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)】有源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)和無源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)區別 有源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)分類(lei)有哪些

有源器件和無源器件的區別

有源器件是指需要外加電源才可以工作的電子元件，它(ta)需(xu)要能量來(lai)實行(xing)它(ta)特(te)定的(de)功能，有源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)一般(ban)用來(lai)信(xin)號放大(da)(da)、變(bian)換等，有源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)一般(ban)是(shi)指二極管、晶體管、場效應管。無(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)主(zhu)要指在(zai)不需(xu)要外(wai)加電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)條件(jian)(jian)下(xia)，就可(ke)以顯示其特(te)性的(de)電(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。無(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)主(zhu)要是(shi)電(dian)阻類(lei)、電(dian)感類(lei)和電(dian)容類(lei)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)，它(ta)們的(de)共同特(te)點是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)路(lu)中無(wu)需(xu)加電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)即可(ke)在(zai)有信(xin)號時工作(zuo)。無(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)是(shi)用來(lai)進(jin)行(xing)信(xin)號傳輸(shu)，或者通過方(fang)向性進(jin)行(xing)“信(xin)號放大(da)(da)”的(de)電(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。籠統的(de)說有極性的(de)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)為有源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)，無(wu)極性的(de)稱謂無(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。

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有源器件的分類有哪些

電子管

電子管(guan)又名真空(kong)管(guan)，所以又稱為(wei)電真空(kong)器件。

電子管不論二極還是多極，它都有陽極和陰極，陰極在外加電源的作用下，發射電子向陽極流動。外加電源可以直接加在陰極上，也可以加在另外的加熱燈絲上。就是因為這個外加電源的存在，而統稱為有源器件。電子管是最早的有源電子元件，分二極管、三極管與多極管。隨著電子技術的發展，電子管因其體積大、重量重、耗電(dian)(dian)大等(deng)等(deng)缺點，而先(xian)后讓位給晶體管(guan)和集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)路。但是，在(zai)許(xu)多場合(he)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)管(guan)繼續發(fa)揮作用。例如：大功(gong)率發(fa)射機的末級功(gong)率放大；各類顯示(shi)器的顯示(shi)管(guan)；電(dian)(dian)視(shi)機的顯像(xiang)管(guan)等(deng)。

晶體管

晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)半導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)器件(jian)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)電能力(li)介于(yu)(yu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)與絕緣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)之間的物質(zhi)稱為(wei)半導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。如(ru)硅(gui)、鍺晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)都(dou)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)半導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。所以用這些晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)材料做成(cheng)的電子器件(jian)，稱為(wei)晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)管。它分晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)二極(ji)管和晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)三極(ji)管。

晶體管晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)材料按導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)可分為P型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)N型(xing)(xing)(xing)兩種，這兩種半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)介面稱(cheng)為PN結(jie)。PN結(jie)是(shi)構成各種半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。P區為正極(ji)(ji)，N區為負極(ji)(ji)。二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)向(xiang)(xiang)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)，是(shi)二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)：正向(xiang)(xiang)導(dao)(dao)通、反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)截止。二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)途是(shi)整流(liu)(liu)、檢波及需要單(dan)向(xiang)(xiang)導(dao)(dao)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子線路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心元件之一，尤(you)其是(shi)在(zai)最(zui)基本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)放大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)由兩個(ge)PN結(jie)組成。兩個(ge)P型(xing)(xing)(xing)加一個(ge)N型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)叫(jiao)PnP型(xing)(xing)(xing)；兩個(ge)N型(xing)(xing)(xing)加一個(ge)P型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)叫(jiao)NpN型(xing)(xing)(xing)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)三級管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要參數(shu)是(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)放大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)倍數(shu)B，其大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)小范圍可從(cong)幾倍到(dao)幾百倍。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)還有兩種特殊管(guan)(guan)子，它們是(shi)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)和(he)場效應管(guan)(guan)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)原稱(cheng)可控(kong)(kong)硅。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)用(yong)(yong)小信號(hao)控(kong)(kong)制大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)信號(hao)，其大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)小可達幾百倍。最(zui)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)可控(kong)(kong)硅整流(liu)(liu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)保護。場效應管(guan)(guan)是(shi)一種電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)控(kong)(kong)制元件，其輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)取決(jue)于輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)小。其輸入阻抗很高，放大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)失真小，所以被(bei)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)于放大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)和(he)數(shu)字電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)。

集成電路

電(dian)路顧名(ming)思義是將有源器(qi)件和無(wu)源器(qi)件及(ji)連接線(xian)等集中制造在一個很小(xiao)的(de)硅片上，再經引線(xian)和封裝(zhuang)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一個有預定功能的(de)微(wei)型(xing)整體(ti)。（符號為IC）。集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路的(de)優(you)點(dian)是體(ti)積小(xiao)、壽(shou)命(ming)長、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本低、可靠性(xing)(xing)高性(xing)(xing)能好(hao)。當前集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路及(ji)大規模集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路越來越被廣泛(fan)的(de)應用。