空調電路板常見故障維修方法
1、電源電路
(1)如果空調電路板電源電路(lu)(lu)出(chu)現問(wen)題(ti),會以保險管燒毀的形式表(biao)現出(chu)來,直接顯示電路(lu)(lu)出(chu)現短路(lu)(lu)問(wen)題(ti)。
(2)可(ke)以使用萬用表歐姆擋(dang)進行阻值檢測,并判斷電路(lu)的短路(lu)部位(wei),等找到短路(lu)部位(wei)后,及時進行更換和修理。
2、感溫電路
(1)當熱敏(min)電阻(zu)(zu)的(de)溫度越低(di),電阻(zu)(zu)就越大(da);反之溫度越高,電阻(zu)(zu)越小;25度的(de)阻(zu)(zu)值約在(zai)5-20KΩ左右。
(2)可以用萬(wan)用表歐姆(mu)擋測(ce)量(liang),如果所測(ce)量(liang)的電阻值很小或無(wu)窮大,證明熱敏電阻已(yi)經損壞(huai),需要立即更換。
3、接收電路
(1)直(zhi)接用(yong)萬用(yong)表直(zhi)流擋測量接收頭供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)端、及信(xin)號端對地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,正常的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)數值(zhi)是(shi)+5伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,信(xin)號極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)+2.5伏(fu)(fu)。
(2)若(ruo)數值不(bu)對,應該是(shi)接收頭損壞或電容擊(ji)穿了,先逐個(ge)排除,然后(hou)找到具體的維(wei)修方法(fa)。
4、晶振電路
(1)空調通電開(kai)機后,用萬用表測(ce)量石(shi)英晶振管的兩腳電壓,數值在+2.2伏左右;若(ruo)小(xiao)于1.5伏,電路有停振問(wen)題(ti)。
(2)可以拆(chai)下石英晶(jing)振管(guan)(guan),用(yong)萬用(yong)表歐(ou)姆(mu)擋進(jin)行判斷,顯示開路(lu),說明石英晶(jing)振管(guan)(guan)是好的;如果是短路(lu),晶(jing)體已(yi)經損壞了。
4、CPU故障
電(dian)(dian)(dian)路板CPU正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)的必要條件(jian)為:電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)+5V、復位電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、時鐘脈沖信號,這三個條件(jian)缺(que)一不可(ke),否則CPU就不能正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)。所以,可(ke)用(yong)萬用(yong)表檢測其工(gong)作(zuo)條件(jian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),若(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值正(zheng)常(chang),整機不工(gong)作(zuo),即可(ke)判斷CPU芯片損壞。當CPU出現故(gu)障時,只需更換CPU即可(ke)。
空調電路板維修注意事項
1、對于空調電路板維修我(wo)們(men)要注意的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題有很多,首(shou)先(xian)我(wo)們(men)就先(xian)來了(le)解導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)寬(kuan)度這(zhe)方面(mian)所要注意的(de)(de)(de)相關事(shi)項(xiang)。由(you)于它瞬變電(dian)流(liu)在PCB電(dian)路板(ban)印(yin)制(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)上所產生的(de)(de)(de)沖擊干擾,主要是由(you)印(yin)制(zhi)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)感成(cheng)分造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de),因此應(ying)盡量(liang)減小印(yin)制(zhi)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)感量(liang)。采用(yong)(yong)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)布(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)策略(lve)采用(yong)(yong)平等走線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)可以減少(shao)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)感,但(dan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之間的(de)(de)(de)互(hu)感和分布(bu)電(dian)容(rong)增加。如果布(bu)局允許最(zui)好采用(yong)(yong)井字形網狀布(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)結構,具(ju)體做法是印(yin)制(zhi)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)一面(mian)橫(heng)向布(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),另一面(mian)縱向布(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),然后在交叉孔處(chu)用(yong)(yong)金屬(shu)化(hua)孔相連。
2、由于PCB電路板(ban)導線(xian)(xian)它們之間(jian)會(hui)造成一些串(chuan)擾問題(ti),所(suo)以為了抑(yi)(yi)制這種事情的(de)發生,則進行設(she)計布線(xian)(xian)的(de)時候,應該盡(jin)量避免(mian)長距離的(de)平等(deng)走線(xian)(xian),盡(jin)可能拉(la)開線(xian)(xian)與線(xian)(xian)之間(jian)的(de)距離。信號線(xian)(xian)與地線(xian)(xian)及電源線(xian)(xian)盡(jin)可能不交叉,在(zai)一些對(dui)干(gan)擾十分(fen)敏感的(de)信號線(xian)(xian)之間(jian)設(she)置(zhi)一根接地的(de)印制線(xian)(xian),可以有效地抑(yi)(yi)制串(chuan)擾。
3、在實際空調器電(dian)(dian)腦板的(de)故障維修(xiu)中,應本著先易后難(nan)的(de)原(yuan)則,先查電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)路和(he)復位電(dian)(dian)路,然后更(geng)(geng)換(huan)晶(jing)振,再是檢(jian)查搖控接收(shou)電(dian)(dian)路,最(zui)后才考濾(lv)更(geng)(geng)換(huan)CPU。因為CPU管腳多更(geng)(geng)換(huan)最(zui)難(nan)且價(jia)格高(gao),更(geng)(geng)重要的(de)是CPU損(sun)壞機率相(xiang)當低,因此不要輕易更(geng)(geng)換(huan)微電(dian)(dian)腦控制電(dian)(dian)路中的(de)CPU。