蓄電池修復方法有哪些

1、水療法

對已硫(liu)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可(ke)以先(xian)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，倒出(chu)原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)并注入密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)在1.10g/cm3以下較(jiao)稀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)，即向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中加水稀釋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)，以提(ti)高(gao)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)解(jie)(jie)(jie)度(du)(du)(du)。采用20h率(lv)以下的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，在液(ye)(ye)(ye)溫(wen)不超(chao)過20℃～40℃的(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)較(jiao)長時(shi)間充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最后在充足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況下用稍(shao)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)調整(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)至(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)準溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)濃度(du)(du)(du)，一般(ban)硫(liu)化(hua)現象可(ke)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)，容(rong)量恢復至(zhi)(zhi)80%以上可(ke)認為(wei)修復成功。

此法機理(li)，用降低(di)(di)酸液密度提高硫酸鹽的溶度積(ji)，采取小電流長時間充電以降低(di)(di)歐姆極化延緩水分解(jie)電壓(ya)的提早出現，最終使硫化現象在(zai)溶解(jie)和轉(zhuan)化為活(huo)性物質(zhi)中逐漸減輕或(huo)消除。

此法特點對于加水蓄電池比較適用，對(dui)(dui)于硫化嚴重現象(xiang)亦可反復處理，無須投資(zi)設(she)備(bei)即可自(zi)行修復，缺點是過程太繁瑣對(dui)(dui)密封電池不太實用。

2、淺循環充電法

對已硫(liu)化電(dian)池，采(cai)用大電(dian)流(liu)5h率以(yi)內(nei)電(dian)流(liu)，對電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)至稍過(guo)充(chong)狀態控制液(ye)溫不(bu)超過(guo)40度為(wei)宜，然后放電(dian)30%，如此反(fan)復數次可減輕和消除硫(liu)化現象。

此法機理(li)，用過充電析出氣(qi)體對極(ji)板表(biao)面輕(qing)微硫(liu)化鹽(yan)沖刷，使其脫附溶解并轉化為活(huo)性物質。

此(ci)法(fa)特點，對(dui)于(yu)輕微硫化可明顯(xian)修復。但對(dui)老電池(chi)不適用，因為在析出氣(qi)體沖(chong)刷(shua)硫酸鹽(yan)的同時也(ye)對(dui)正極板的活(huo)性物(wu)產生強(qiang)烈沖(chong)刷(shua)，使活(huo)性物(wu)質變軟甚(shen)至脫落。

3、修復儀修復

對于硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，可(ke)(ke)用(yong)一些專用(yong)的(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)修(xiu)復(fu)儀對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)數(shu)次來(lai)消除硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)。從固(gu)體物理(li)上來(lai)講，任何絕(jue)緣(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)(zai)足(zu)夠高的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下都可(ke)(ke)以擊(ji)穿(chuan)。一旦絕(jue)緣(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)被擊(ji)穿(chuan)，就會由絕(jue)緣(yuan)狀態轉(zhuan)變為導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)差阻(zu)值大(da)的(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鹽層(ceng)(ceng)施加瞬間的(de)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，就可(ke)(ke)以擊(ji)穿(chuan)大(da)的(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛結(jie)晶(jing)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)這(zhe)個高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓足(zu)夠短，并(bing)且進行限流(liu)，在(zai)(zai)打穿(chuan)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)情形下，控(kong)制充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)適當，就不(bu)(bu)會引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池析(xi)氣。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池析(xi)氣量取決于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓以及充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)大(da)小，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)脈(mo)沖(chong)寬度足(zu)夠短，占空比夠大(da)，就可(ke)(ke)以在(zai)(zai)保證(zheng)擊(ji)穿(chuan)粗大(da)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛結(jie)晶(jing)的(de)條件下，同時(shi)發生的(de)微充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來(lai)不(bu)(bu)及形成析(xi)氣，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)含有負脈(mo)沖(chong)去(qu)極化(hua)，就更能保證(zheng)在(zai)(zai)擊(ji)穿(chuan)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鹽層(ceng)(ceng)時(shi)極板的(de)氣體析(xi)出，這(zhe)樣(yang)就實現了脈(mo)沖(chong)消除硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)。此法特點，市場(chang)上的(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)修(xiu)復(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)參(can)差不(bu)(bu)齊，很多脈(mo)沖(chong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)甚至是專用(yong)修(xiu)復(fu)儀的(de)脈(mo)寬比、占空比、負脈(mo)沖(chong)設計得并(bing)不(bu)(bu)合(he)理(li)不(bu)(bu)能到去(qu)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)的(de)作用(yong)。

4、納米碳溶膠電池活化劑修復

納(na)米(mi)碳(tan)(tan)溶膠是納(na)米(mi)碳(tan)(tan)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)一種(zhong)類型。納(na)米(mi)碳(tan)(tan)材(cai)料(liao)是指分散相尺度(du)至少(shao)有一維小(xiao)于100nm的(de)碳(tan)(tan)材(cai)料(liao)。在電(dian)場的(de)作用下，活(huo)(huo)化(hua)劑(ji)的(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)成份能固化(hua)極(ji)板(ban)；崩解不(bu)可(ke)逆硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)結(jie)晶；均勻(yun)地吸附在極(ji)板(ban)表面形成保護(hu)膜(mo)，防止極(ji)板(ban)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)脫落和極(ji)板(ban)硫(liu)化(hua)、極(ji)化(hua)、鉛(qian)枝(zhi)晶化(hua)的(de)形成；激活(huo)(huo)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)；降低電(dian)池(chi)內阻，增(zeng)進(jin)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)化(hua)學反應。此類修復液(ye)只對電(dian)池(chi)的(de)修復效果較好，修復后的(de)電(dian)池(chi)能用12個月以上。

如何判斷蓄電池是否需要修復

1、電動車行程開始縮短（或電池容量不低于70%），說明電動車電池開始失水和硫(liu)化，應補水或添加(jia)小銅(tong)匠納米碳(tan)溶膠電池活化劑。

2、電動車行(xing)程(cheng)縮(suo)短(duan)一半以內(nei)（或(huo)電瓶池量不(bu)低于50%），說明(ming)電池極(ji)板硫化(hua)嚴重，輕度軟(ruan)化(hua)。應(ying)馬上添(tian)加小(xiao)銅匠納米(mi)碳溶膠電池活化(hua)劑或(huo)各類電池修(xiu)復液配合脈(mo)沖電池修(xiu)復儀修(xiu)復。

3、電動車行程縮短一半以上（或電池容量低于50%），說明電池極(ji)板硫化，軟化嚴重。添加小(xiao)銅匠納米(mi)碳(tan)溶膠電池活化劑(ji)配合脈沖(chong)修復儀(yi)修復。

4、電動車行程縮短(duan)3/4以上（或電池(chi)容量(liang)低(di)于30%，電池(chi)外形起鼓(gu)，漏液），放棄修復，予以報廢處理。

什么樣的電池故障能夠修復

電池故障分為好多種，比如說硫酸鹽化，失水，斷格，極板軟化脫落，內部短路斷路等，在這些故障當中，只有硫酸鹽化和失水兩種故障可以分別通過脈沖修復和補水手段進行一定程度的修復。方法比較簡單也有一定的效果。實際當中出現這兩種問題的機率是非常小的。至于其它類型的故障，在不分解電動車電池更(geng)換極板的(de)(de)情況下(xia)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)法修復的(de)(de)，即便(bian)是(shi)(shi)想(xiang)要分解電池，僅憑個人的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)，設備(bei)，再想(xiang)完(wan)整無(wu)痕的(de)(de)裝回去就很難了。