蓄電池修復方法有哪些
1、水療法
對(dui)已硫(liu)(liu)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),可以先將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian),倒出原電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)并(bing)注入密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)在1.10g/cm3以下較稀電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye),即向電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中加水稀釋(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye),以提高硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛的溶(rong)解度(du)(du)。采用20h率(lv)以下的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流,在液(ye)溫不超過20℃~40℃的范圍內較長(chang)時(shi)間充電(dian)(dian)(dian),最后(hou)在充足電(dian)(dian)(dian)情況下用稍(shao)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)調(diao)整電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)至標準溶(rong)液(ye)濃度(du)(du),一般硫(liu)(liu)化現(xian)象可解除,容量恢(hui)復至80%以上可認為修復成功。
此法(fa)機理,用降低酸液密(mi)度(du)(du)提(ti)高(gao)硫酸鹽的溶度(du)(du)積,采(cai)取小電流長時間充電以降低歐姆極化延緩水分解電壓(ya)的提(ti)早出(chu)現(xian),最終使(shi)硫化現(xian)象在溶解和(he)轉化為活性物質中逐漸減(jian)輕或(huo)消除。
此法特點對于加水蓄電池比較適用,對于硫化嚴重現象亦可(ke)反復處理,無須投資(zi)設備即可(ke)自(zi)行修復,缺點是過程太繁瑣(suo)對密封電池不太實用。
2、淺循環充電法
對已硫(liu)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)池,采用大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)5h率以內電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至稍過(guo)充(chong)狀態(tai)控制(zhi)液(ye)溫不超過(guo)40度為(wei)宜,然后放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)30%,如此反復數次可減輕和消除硫(liu)化現象。
此法(fa)機理,用過充電析(xi)出氣(qi)體對(dui)極板表面輕(qing)微硫(liu)化(hua)鹽沖(chong)刷,使其脫附溶解并(bing)轉化(hua)為活性物質。
此法特點,對于輕微硫化可明顯修復。但對老(lao)電(dian)池不適用,因(yin)為在(zai)析出(chu)氣體沖刷硫酸(suan)鹽的同時也對正極板的活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物產生強烈沖刷,使活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物質變軟(ruan)甚至脫落。
3、修復儀修復
對(dui)于硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)池(chi),可(ke)用(yong)一些專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)的(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)修復(fu)儀(yi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)數次來(lai)消(xiao)除硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)。從(cong)固體(ti)物(wu)理上來(lai)講(jiang),任何絕(jue)緣層(ceng)(ceng)在足(zu)夠高的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓下都可(ke)以擊(ji)穿(chuan)。一旦絕(jue)緣層(ceng)(ceng)被擊(ji)穿(chuan),就(jiu)(jiu)會由絕(jue)緣狀(zhuang)態轉變(bian)為(wei)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態。如(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)差(cha)阻值大(da)(da)的(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)施加瞬間的(de)高電(dian)(dian)壓,就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以擊(ji)穿(chuan)大(da)(da)的(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛結(jie)晶。如(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)這個高電(dian)(dian)壓足(zu)夠短,并(bing)且進(jin)行限流(liu),在打穿(chuan)硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)情形下,控制充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)適當,就(jiu)(jiu)不會引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)析氣。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)析氣量(liang)取決(jue)于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)端電(dian)(dian)壓以及(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)大(da)(da)小,如(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)寬度足(zu)夠短,占空比夠大(da)(da),就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以在保(bao)證擊(ji)穿(chuan)粗大(da)(da)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛結(jie)晶的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下,同時(shi)發(fa)生的(de)微(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)來(lai)不及(ji)形成(cheng)析氣,如(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)含(han)有(you)負(fu)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)去極(ji)化(hua)(hua),就(jiu)(jiu)更能保(bao)證在擊(ji)穿(chuan)硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)時(shi)極(ji)板(ban)的(de)氣體(ti)析出,這樣就(jiu)(jiu)實現(xian)了脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)消(xiao)除硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)。此法特點,市場上的(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)修復(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器參(can)差(cha)不齊,很(hen)多脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器甚(shen)至是專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)修復(fu)儀(yi)的(de)脈(mo)寬比、占空比、負(fu)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)設計得并(bing)不合理不能到去硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)的(de)作用(yong)。
4、納米碳溶膠電池活化劑修復
納(na)米(mi)碳(tan)溶膠(jiao)是納(na)米(mi)碳(tan)材料(liao)的(de)(de)一種類型。納(na)米(mi)碳(tan)材料(liao)是指分散(san)相尺(chi)度至少有(you)一維小于100nm的(de)(de)碳(tan)材料(liao)。在電(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)作用(yong)下,活(huo)(huo)化(hua)劑的(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性成(cheng)份(fen)能固化(hua)極板;崩解不可逆(ni)硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)結(jie)晶;均(jun)勻(yun)地吸(xi)附(fu)在極板表面形成(cheng)保護膜(mo),防止極板活(huo)(huo)性物質(zhi)脫落和極板硫(liu)化(hua)、極化(hua)、鉛(qian)枝晶化(hua)的(de)(de)形成(cheng);激活(huo)(huo)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性物質(zhi);降低電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻,增進電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)化(hua)學反(fan)應。此(ci)類修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)液只對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)效果較好,修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)后的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)能用(yong)12個月以(yi)上。
如何判斷蓄電池是否需要修復
1、電動車行程開始縮短(或電池容量不低于70%),說明電動車電池開始(shi)失水和硫化,應補水或添加小銅匠納米碳溶膠電(dian)池活化劑。
2、電(dian)動車(che)行程縮短一半以內(或電(dian)瓶池(chi)量不低于50%),說明電(dian)池(chi)極板硫化(hua)嚴(yan)重,輕度軟化(hua)。應馬上添加小(xiao)銅匠納米(mi)碳溶(rong)膠電(dian)池(chi)活化(hua)劑或各(ge)類電(dian)池(chi)修復液配合脈沖電(dian)池(chi)修復儀修復。
3、電動(dong)車行程縮(suo)短一半以(yi)上(或(huo)電池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)低于50%),說明電池(chi)極(ji)板硫化(hua)(hua)(hua),軟化(hua)(hua)(hua)嚴重。添加小銅(tong)匠納米碳溶膠電池(chi)活(huo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑配(pei)合(he)脈(mo)沖修復儀修復。
4、電動車(che)行程縮短3/4以(yi)上(或(huo)電池(chi)容量低(di)于30%,電池(chi)外形(xing)起(qi)鼓,漏(lou)液),放棄修復,予以(yi)報(bao)廢處理。
什么樣的電池故障能夠修復
電池故障分為好多種,比如說硫酸鹽化,失水,斷格,極板軟化脫落,內部短路斷路等,在這些故障當中,只有硫酸鹽化和失水兩種故障可以分別通過脈沖修復和補水手段進行一定程度的修復。方法比較簡單也有一定的效果。實際當中出現這兩種問題的機率是非常小的。至于其它類型的故障,在不分解電動車電池更換極板(ban)的(de)情況(kuang)下是(shi)無法修復(fu)的(de),即(ji)便(bian)是(shi)想(xiang)(xiang)要分解電池,僅(jin)憑個人的(de)技術,設(she)備,再想(xiang)(xiang)完整無痕的(de)裝回(hui)去就很難了(le)。