動力電池組的優點是什么

1、高能量和(he)高功率；

2、高能量密度(du)；

3、高(gao)倍率部分荷電狀態下(xia)（HRPSOC）的循環使(shi)用；

4、工(gong)作(zuo)溫度范圍寬（一30 ~65℃）；

5、使用壽命(ming)長(chang)，要求5—10年；

6、安全可靠；

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動力電池組有哪些種類

1、鉛酸動力電池

由于鉛酸電池具有高的開路電壓、低廉的成本、使用可靠、大電流放電性能良好、原材料豐富及鉛回收率高等優點，使得鉛酸電池在電動車上(shang)得到廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)。目前在(zai)純電(dian)(dian)動車上(shang)應用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池主要是(shi)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池。鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)缺點是(shi)污染嚴重，而且質量(liang)比能(neng)量(liang)和體積(ji)比能(neng)量(liang)低。ectreosorce公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)，德國陽(yang)光公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)，美國Arias公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)，美國BPC公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)以及瑞(rui)典OPTLMA公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)都在(zai)進行(xing)車用(yong)鉛酸(suan)動力電(dian)(dian)池的(de)研究，通過各(ge)自的(de)技(ji)術取得了不錯(cuo)的(de)進展(zhan)。

2、鎳氫動力電池

鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)技術成熟，耐過充(chong)和過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)、安全(quan)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)好、具有高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)能量和高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)功率的(de)特性(xing)(xing)。缺點是鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)物質"活性(xing)(xing)"較(jiao)(jiao)強、容易外逸、封裝技術要(yao)求很高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，同時鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)條件下，充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率較(jiao)(jiao)低，副反應(ying)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，嚴重影響電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)續(xu)駛里(li)程，因此需要(yao)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)能。而提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)極的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)能是改善電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)能的(de)關(guan)鍵。通(tong)過提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)能，鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在電(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)應(ying)用(yong)方面的(de)取得了很大(da)的(de)發展。

3、鋰離子動力電池

鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)以其高比能量，自放電(dian)少，循環(huan)壽命長(chang)，無記(ji)憶效應和綠色(se)環(huan)保等特點備受關注(zhu)。目前鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)主要有(you)以下材料：鈷(gu)酸(suan)鋰(li)，錳(meng)酸(suan)鋰(li)，磷酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)，還有(you)比較少見的磷酸(suan)鐵(tie)錳(meng)等。

（1）鈷酸(suan)鋰動(dong)力電(dian)池

鈷酸(suan)鋰(li)是第一代商業(ye)化(hua)的鋰(li)離(li)子電池，具有很多優點(dian)：比能(neng)量高，性(xing)能(neng)穩定，體積比能(neng)量高，高低溫放電容(rong)量穩定。缺點(dian)是安全性(xing)差，價(jia)格昂貴，污染環境。目前商業(ye)化(hua)的小型(xing)動力(li)鋰(li)離(li)子電池材料主要是鈷酸(suan)鋰(li)。

（2）錳(meng)酸鋰(li)動力電池(chi)

錳酸鋰具有較高的電壓平臺，較高的安全性能，低廉的價格。缺點是比容量較低，循環性能較差，高溫循環性能差。目前已知的全球主流車廠宣布的鋰動力汽車，幾乎都采用的錳酸鋰電動車電池。日本的豐田，日產，本田，三菱正(zheng)研制錳酸鋰(li)(li)作為電(dian)(dian)動汽車的動力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。美國(guo)福特，法國(guo)雷諾等汽車廠(chang)商對錳酸鋰(li)(li)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行很久的測試。國(guo)內的北京大(da)學新能源材料與技(ji)術實(shi)驗室及中信國(guo)安盟固利公司幾年(nian)來致力(li)于新型動力(li)用鋰(li)(li)離子二次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的研制，最近分別在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)關鍵材料錳酸鋰(li)(li)的合成及動力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)技(ji)術研究方面(mian)取得了(le)突(tu)破性的進(jin)展。

（3）磷酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰動力電池

磷酸(suan)鐵鋰(li)近年(nian)來逐漸成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)動力電(dian)池的(de)研究熱點(dian)(dian)。具有(you)安全(quan)性(xing)高，循環(huan)性(xing)能(neng)好(hao)，綠色環(huan)保，價格低(di)廉的(de)優點(dian)(dian)。缺點(dian)(dian)是：電(dian)壓平臺低(di)，振實密度低(di)，倍率電(dian)流低(di)，低(di)溫(wen)放(fang)電(dian)性(xing)差。成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)制約(yue)磷酸(suan)鐵鋰(li)商業(ye)化的(de)瓶頸。近年(nian)來的(de)研究在(zai)低(di)溫(wen)性(xing)能(neng)和倍率電(dian)流方(fang)面取得了很大(da)的(de)突破(po)。日本三井公司生產(chan)的(de)磷酸(suan)鐵鋰(li)最高可以進行20C倍率的(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)，在(zai)3C倍率下充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)500次(ci)容量保持90%以上。

4、其他新型材料

目前燃料電池也被用做電動車電池，燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)與(yu)內燃(ran)(ran)(ran)機不同(tong)，它不像內燃(ran)(ran)(ran)機那樣將(jiang)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)變為熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)再轉化(hua)(hua)為有(you)(you)用(yong)功，也不同(tong)于普通(tong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)相互(hu)轉化(hua)(hua)的過(guo)程(cheng)，而是將(jiang)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)直接變為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，因而熱損小，能(neng)(neng)(neng)量轉換效率(lv)高。與(yu)內燃(ran)(ran)(ran)機比，高50%~100%，與(yu)普通(tong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)比高100%~200%.氫氣(qi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)運行(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)采用(yong)氫和氧化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)反應直接轉化(hua)(hua)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，排出(chu)的只有(you)(you)水，屬(shu)于零(ling)污染(ran)，碳氫化(hua)(hua)合物燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)運行(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)中除(chu)排出(chu)水外(wai)，還要產生CO2和極少量的CO、HC、NOX等(deng)有(you)(you)害氣(qi)體，屬(shu)超(chao)低(di)污染(ran)。一般把燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和超(chao)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器聯用(yong)，解決燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對工作(zuo)溫度的要求(qiu)。燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和超(chao)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器具有(you)(you)互(hu)補(bu)性，是較(jiao)理想(xiang)的混合動力模式(shi)，也是混合動力車的發展方向之一。