動力電池組的優點是什么
1、高(gao)能量和高(gao)功率;
2、高能量密度;
3、高倍率部分荷(he)電狀態下(HRPSOC)的循環(huan)使用;
4、工作溫度(du)范(fan)圍(wei)寬(一30 ~65℃);
5、使用(yong)壽命長(chang),要(yao)求5—10年(nian);
6、安全可靠;
動力電池組有哪些種類
1、鉛酸動力電池
由于鉛酸電池具有高的開路電壓、低廉的成本、使用可靠、大電流放電性能良好、原材料豐富及鉛回收率高等優點,使得鉛酸電池在電動車上(shang)得到廣泛應用(yong)(yong)。目前(qian)在(zai)純電(dian)動(dong)車上(shang)應用(yong)(yong)的(de)電(dian)池主要(yao)是(shi)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池。鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池的(de)缺點是(shi)污(wu)染嚴(yan)重,而且(qie)質量(liang)比(bi)能量(liang)和(he)體積(ji)比(bi)能量(liang)低。ectreosorce公(gong)(gong)(gong)司,德國陽光公(gong)(gong)(gong)司,美國Arias公(gong)(gong)(gong)司,美國BPC公(gong)(gong)(gong)司以及(ji)瑞典OPTLMA公(gong)(gong)(gong)司都在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行車用(yong)(yong)鉛(qian)酸動(dong)力電(dian)池的(de)研究,通過各自的(de)技術取得了不(bu)錯的(de)進(jin)(jin)展。
2、鎳氫動力電池
鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)技術成熟,耐(nai)過充(chong)和(he)過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、安全性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)好(hao)、具有高(gao)(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量和(he)高(gao)(gao)功(gong)率的(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)。缺點(dian)是鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)物質"活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)"較(jiao)強、容易外逸、封裝(zhuang)技術要(yao)求(qiu)很(hen)高(gao)(gao),同(tong)時鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)條件下,充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率較(jiao)低,副反應較(jiao)大(da),嚴重影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)續駛里(li)程,因此(ci)需要(yao)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。而提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)關鍵。通過提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng),鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車的(de)(de)應用方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)取得(de)了很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)發展。
3、鋰離子動力電池
鋰電池以(yi)其高比(bi)(bi)能量,自放電少(shao),循環壽命長(chang),無記憶(yi)效應和綠(lv)色環保等特點備受關注(zhu)。目前鋰離(li)子電池主(zhu)要(yao)有以(yi)下材(cai)料:鈷酸(suan)鋰,錳酸(suan)鋰,磷酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰,還有比(bi)(bi)較少(shao)見的(de)磷酸(suan)鐵(tie)錳等。
(1)鈷酸鋰動力電池(chi)
鈷(gu)酸(suan)鋰是第一代商(shang)(shang)業化的鋰離(li)子電(dian)池,具有很多優點:比能量(liang)高,性(xing)能穩(wen)定,體積比能量(liang)高,高低溫放(fang)電(dian)容量(liang)穩(wen)定。缺點是安(an)全性(xing)差,價格昂貴,污染環境。目前商(shang)(shang)業化的小(xiao)型動(dong)力鋰離(li)子電(dian)池材料主要是鈷(gu)酸(suan)鋰。
(2)錳酸鋰(li)動力電(dian)池
錳酸鋰具有較高的電壓平臺,較高的安全性能,低廉的價格。缺點是比容量較低,循環性能較差,高溫循環性能差。目前已知的全球主流車廠宣布的鋰動力汽車,幾乎都采用的錳酸鋰電動車電池。日(ri)(ri)本(ben)的(de)豐田(tian),日(ri)(ri)產,本(ben)田(tian),三菱正研制錳(meng)(meng)酸(suan)鋰(li)作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)的(de)動力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。美國(guo)福特,法國(guo)雷(lei)諾等汽車(che)廠商(shang)對錳(meng)(meng)酸(suan)鋰(li)動力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行很久的(de)測試。國(guo)內的(de)北京大學新能源(yuan)材(cai)料與技術實(shi)驗室及中(zhong)信國(guo)安(an)盟固利公司幾(ji)年來致力(li)(li)于新型動力(li)(li)用鋰(li)離子(zi)二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)研制,最近分別(bie)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)關鍵(jian)材(cai)料錳(meng)(meng)酸(suan)鋰(li)的(de)合成及動力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術研究方面取得了突破(po)性的(de)進(jin)展(zhan)。
(3)磷酸鐵鋰動(dong)力電(dian)池
磷酸鐵(tie)鋰近年來(lai)逐漸成(cheng)為動力電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)研究熱點(dian)。具有安全性(xing)高(gao),循環(huan)(huan)性(xing)能好(hao),綠色環(huan)(huan)保(bao),價格低廉的(de)(de)優點(dian)。缺點(dian)是:電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)平臺低,振實密度低,倍率(lv)電(dian)(dian)流低,低溫(wen)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)差(cha)。成(cheng)為制約(yue)磷酸鐵(tie)鋰商業化的(de)(de)瓶(ping)頸。近年來(lai)的(de)(de)研究在(zai)(zai)低溫(wen)性(xing)能和倍率(lv)電(dian)(dian)流方面取得了很大的(de)(de)突破。日本三井公司生(sheng)產的(de)(de)磷酸鐵(tie)鋰最高(gao)可以進行20C倍率(lv)的(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian),在(zai)(zai)3C倍率(lv)下充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)500次容量保(bao)持90%以上。
4、其他新型材料
目前燃料電池也被用做電動車電池,燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)與(yu)內(nei)燃(ran)(ran)機(ji)不同,它不像內(nei)燃(ran)(ran)機(ji)那樣將化學(xue)能(neng)(neng)變為(wei)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)再轉(zhuan)化為(wei)有用(yong)(yong)功,也不同于(yu)普通蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)與(yu)化學(xue)能(neng)(neng)相互(hu)轉(zhuan)化的(de)過(guo)程,而是將燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)的(de)化學(xue)能(neng)(neng)直接變為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng),因而熱(re)損小(xiao),能(neng)(neng)量轉(zhuan)換效率高。與(yu)內(nei)燃(ran)(ran)機(ji)比,高50%~100%,與(yu)普通蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)比高100%~200%.氫(qing)氣燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)運行過(guo)程采用(yong)(yong)氫(qing)和(he)氧化學(xue)反(fan)應直接轉(zhuan)化為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng),排出(chu)的(de)只有水,屬(shu)于(yu)零污染(ran),碳氫(qing)化合(he)(he)物燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)運行過(guo)程中除排出(chu)水外,還(huan)要產生CO2和(he)極少量的(de)CO、HC、NOX等(deng)有害氣體(ti),屬(shu)超低污染(ran)。一(yi)般(ban)把燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器聯用(yong)(yong),解決燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)對工(gong)作溫度的(de)要求。燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器具有互(hu)補(bu)性,是較理想的(de)混合(he)(he)動(dong)力模式,也是混合(he)(he)動(dong)力車的(de)發(fa)展方向之一(yi)。