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大連市現轄(xia)2個(ge)縣級(ji)市(瓦(wa)房店(dian)市、莊河市)、1個(ge)縣(長海縣)和(he)7個(ge)區(qu)(中山區(qu)、西崗區(qu)、沙河口區(qu)、甘井子區(qu)、旅順口區(qu)、金州區(qu)、普(pu)蘭店(dian)區(qu))。另外(wai)，還有(you)金普(pu)新區(qu)、保稅區(qu)、高(gao)新技(ji)術產業(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)3個(ge)國家(jia)級(ji)對外(wai)開放先導區(qu)，以及長興島(dao)臨港(gang)工業(ye)區(qu)和(he)花(hua)園(yuan)口經濟區(qu)等。

地理概況

大連市地(di)(di)處(chu)歐亞大陸東(dong)(dong)(dong)岸，中國東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)半(ban)島(dao)最南(nan)(nan)(nan)端，位于東(dong)(dong)(dong)經120度58分至(zhi)(zhi)123度31、北(bei)(bei)緯38度43分至(zhi)(zhi)40度10分之間(jian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)瀕黃(huang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，西臨渤海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)與山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)半(ban)島(dao)隔(ge)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)相望，北(bei)(bei)依遼闊(kuo)的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)平(ping)原(yuan)。是東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)、華(hua)北(bei)(bei)、華(hua)東(dong)(dong)(dong)以及(ji)世界各地(di)(di)的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)門(men)戶，是重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)港口、貿易、工業、旅游城市。全市總面(mian)積12574平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)，其(qi)中老市區面(mian)積2415平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)。區內山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)丘陵(ling)多，平(ping)原(yuan)低(di)地(di)(di)少，整個地(di)(di)形為(wei)北(bei)(bei)高南(nan)(nan)(nan)低(di)，北(bei)(bei)寬南(nan)(nan)(nan)窄；地(di)(di)勢由中央軸部向東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)和西北(bei)(bei)兩側(ce)的(de)(de)黃(huang)、渤海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)傾斜，面(mian)向黃(huang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)一側(ce)長(chang)而緩。長(chang)白山(shan)(shan)系千(qian)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈余脈縱貫(guan)本區，絕大部分為(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)及(ji)久經剝蝕而成的(de)(de)低(di)緩丘陵(ling)，平(ping)原(yuan)低(di)地(di)(di)僅零星分布(bu)在河流(liu)入海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)處(chu)及(ji)一些(xie)山(shan)(shan)間(jian)谷地(di)(di)；巖(yan)溶地(di)(di)形所處(chu)可見，喀斯特地(di)(di)貌和海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蝕地(di)(di)貌比(bi)較(jiao)發育(yu)。

氣候天氣

大(da)連市(shi)位(wei)于北(bei)半(ban)球(qiu)的(de)暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶地(di)區，具有海(hai)洋(yang)性(xing)特點的(de)暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性(xing)季風氣候，冬無嚴寒，夏無酷暑，四季分明。年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)10.5攝氏度(du)，年(nian)降水量(liang)550--950毫米，全年(nian)日照總(zong)時(shi)數(shu)為2500--2800小時(shi)。

水利資源

大連地區主要有黃海流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)和渤海流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)兩大水(shui)系。注入(ru)黃海的較大河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有碧(bi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)河(he)(he)(he)、英(ying)那河(he)(he)(he)、莊河(he)(he)(he)、贊子河(he)(he)(he)、大沙河(he)(he)(he)、登沙河(he)(he)(he)、清水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、馬(ma)欄河(he)(he)(he)等；注入(ru)渤海的主要河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有復州(zhou)河(he)(he)(he)、李官村河(he)(he)(he)、三十里堡河(he)(he)(he)等。其中，最大的河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為碧(bi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)河(he)(he)(he)，是市區跨流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)引水(shui)的水(shui)源河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。另(ling)外，還有200多條小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)。大連地區淡(dan)水(shui)資源總量為每(mei)年37.86億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)，其中地表水(shui)資源34.2為億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)、地下水(shui)資源為8.84億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)，兩者(zhe)重(zhong)復水(shui)資源量5.8億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。

歷史沿革

早在6000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前，我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)祖先就開發了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。秦漢時(shi)(shi)期，大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)屬遼(liao)(liao)東(dong)郡轄(xia)(xia)區(qu)(qu)。唐朝初期，大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)屬安東(dong)都護(hu)府(fu)積利(li)州的(de)(de)(de)轄(xia)(xia)區(qu)(qu)。遼(liao)(liao)代(dai)時(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)屬東(dong)京通遼(liao)(liao)陽府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)轄(xia)(xia)區(qu)(qu)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)在魏晉時(shi)(shi)稱三山(shan)，唐朝時(shi)(shi)稱三山(shan)浦，明清(qing)時(shi)(shi)稱三山(shan)海口、青(qing)泥洼(wa)口。十九世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)八十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)，清(qing)朝于今大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)灣(wan)北(bei)岸建海港棧(zhan)橋、筑炮(pao)臺、設水雷營(ying)，一(yi)時(shi)(shi)成(cheng)為(wei)小(xiao)鎮。沙俄侵占后，曾用青(qing)泥洼(wa)。1899年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始稱大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)市(shi)(shi)。第一(yi)、二次(ci)(ci)鴉(ya)片戰爭期間，英軍對大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)進(jin)行了(le)(le)侵擾(rao)。作為(wei)甲午戰爭和日俄戰爭的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要戰場，大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)在近代(dai)史上曾遭受兩(liang)次(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)戰爭劫，淪為(wei)俄、日殖民地(di)(di)近半(ban)個世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)，其(qi)中(zhong)日本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)殖民統治達40年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月，日本(ben)宣布無條件(jian)投降，大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)從反(fan)法(fa)西斯戰爭的(de)(de)(de)勝利(li)中(zhong)獲得解放，結束了(le)(le)殖民統治。同(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月，大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)市(shi)(shi)職工總(zong)會(hui)(hui)籌委會(hui)(hui)組(zu)成(cheng)。10月，中(zhong)共中(zhong)央東(dong)北(bei)局派(pai)韓光同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)到大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)任(ren)市(shi)(shi)委書(shu)記，組(zu)成(cheng)了(le)(le)中(zhong)共大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)市(shi)(shi)委員會(hui)(hui)，并成(cheng)立了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)市(shi)(shi)政府(fu)。1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月，改為(wei)旅大(da)(da)(da)(da)地(di)(di)委。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)基本(ben)完成(cheng)了(le)(le)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義改造，1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月，更名為(wei)旅大(da)(da)(da)(da)市(shi)(shi)；1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始全面建設社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義；1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)經歷(li)了(le)(le)“文化大(da)(da)(da)(da)革命”；1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之后進(jin)入社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義現代(dai)化建設的(de)(de)(de)新時(shi)(shi)期；1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月，經國(guo)務院(yuan)批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)再次(ci)(ci)改稱大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)市(shi)(shi)；1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，國(guo)務院(yuan)批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei)沿海開放城市(shi)(shi)；1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)市(shi)(shi)被國(guo)務院(yuan)確定為(wei)計劃單列市(shi)(shi)，享有(you)省級經濟管理權限；1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被國(guo)家(jia)批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)為(wei)副省級城市(shi)(shi)。

基礎設施建設

金普城際鐵路、大連(lian)至旅順中部通道、渤(bo)海大道一期等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)展順利(li)，地鐵1號線和2號線二期、202路軌道延(yan)伸線等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)即將完工(gong)(gong)，東港商(shang)務區(qu)、新(xin)機場沿岸商(shang)務區(qu)、梭魚(yu)灣商(shang)務區(qu)基礎設施配(pei)套(tao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)加(jia)緊推(tui)進(jin)，市(shi)規劃展示中心建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)投入(ru)使用。實施城市(shi)建(jian)(jian)設“五個一”工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目69個，改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)舊城區(qu)22.4萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)，新(xin)建(jian)(jian)市(shi)民健身場所(suo)12.3萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)，改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)集貿市(shi)場6.5萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)，整治(zhi)路街及兩(liang)側建(jian)(jian)筑立面31.8公里(li)。完成(cheng)306萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)既有居住建(jian)(jian)筑節能改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)，惠及家庭4.6萬(wan)戶。改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)供熱管網452公里(li)。改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)農村(cun)危房(fang)2001戶。

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