大連市現轄(xia)2個縣級(ji)市(shi)(瓦房店市(shi)、莊河市(shi))、1個縣(長(chang)海(hai)縣)和7個區(qu)(qu)(中(zhong)山區(qu)(qu)、西崗區(qu)(qu)、沙(sha)河口區(qu)(qu)、甘井(jing)子區(qu)(qu)、旅順(shun)口區(qu)(qu)、金(jin)州區(qu)(qu)、普蘭店區(qu)(qu))。另外,還有金(jin)普新(xin)區(qu)(qu)、保稅區(qu)(qu)、高新(xin)技術產業園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)3個國家(jia)級(ji)對(dui)外開放先導(dao)區(qu)(qu),以及長(chang)興島臨港工(gong)業區(qu)(qu)和花園(yuan)口經(jing)濟區(qu)(qu)等。
大連市地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)歐亞大陸東岸,中國(guo)東北(bei)遼東半島最南(nan)端(duan),位(wei)于(yu)東經(jing)(jing)120度(du)(du)58分至(zhi)123度(du)(du)31、北(bei)緯38度(du)(du)43分至(zhi)40度(du)(du)10分之間,東瀕黃(huang)(huang)海(hai)(hai),西(xi)臨渤海(hai)(hai),南(nan)與山(shan)東半島隔海(hai)(hai)相望,北(bei)依遼闊的(de)東北(bei)平原。是東北(bei)、華北(bei)、華東以及(ji)世界各地(di)(di)(di)的(de)海(hai)(hai)上門(men)戶,是重要的(de)港口、貿(mao)易、工業、旅游城市。全市總面(mian)積(ji)12574平方(fang)公(gong)里,其(qi)中老市區面(mian)積(ji)2415平方(fang)公(gong)里。區內(nei)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)陵多(duo),平原低地(di)(di)(di)少(shao),整個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)形為北(bei)高(gao)南(nan)低,北(bei)寬南(nan)窄;地(di)(di)(di)勢由中央軸部(bu)向(xiang)東南(nan)和西(xi)北(bei)兩側的(de)黃(huang)(huang)、渤海(hai)(hai)傾斜,面(mian)向(xiang)黃(huang)(huang)海(hai)(hai)一(yi)側長而緩。長白山(shan)系千山(shan)山(shan)脈(mo)余脈(mo)縱貫本區,絕大部(bu)分為山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)及(ji)久經(jing)(jing)剝蝕而成的(de)低緩丘(qiu)陵,平原低地(di)(di)(di)僅(jin)零星分布(bu)在河流(liu)入海(hai)(hai)處(chu)及(ji)一(yi)些山(shan)間谷地(di)(di)(di);巖溶地(di)(di)(di)形所處(chu)可(ke)見(jian),喀(ka)斯特地(di)(di)(di)貌和海(hai)(hai)蝕地(di)(di)(di)貌比較發(fa)育。
大(da)連市位于北半球(qiu)的(de)暖溫帶地區,具有海洋性特(te)點的(de)暖溫帶大(da)陸(lu)性季風(feng)氣候(hou),冬無嚴寒(han),夏無酷(ku)暑,四(si)季分(fen)明(ming)。年(nian)平均氣溫10.5攝氏(shi)度,年(nian)降水(shui)量550--950毫米,全年(nian)日照總時數為2500--2800小時。
大(da)(da)連地(di)區主要有(you)(you)黃海(hai)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)和渤海(hai)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)兩(liang)大(da)(da)水系。注(zhu)入黃海(hai)的較(jiao)大(da)(da)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)碧(bi)(bi)流(liu)(liu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、英那河(he)(he)(he)(he)、莊(zhuang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、贊子河(he)(he)(he)(he)、大(da)(da)沙河(he)(he)(he)(he)、登沙河(he)(he)(he)(he)、清水河(he)(he)(he)(he)、馬欄(lan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)等;注(zhu)入渤海(hai)的主要河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)復州河(he)(he)(he)(he)、李(li)官村(cun)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、三十里堡河(he)(he)(he)(he)等。其中,最大(da)(da)的河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)為碧(bi)(bi)流(liu)(liu)河(he)(he)(he)(he),是市區跨流(liu)(liu)域(yu)引水的水源河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)。另外(wai),還有(you)(you)200多條(tiao)小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)。大(da)(da)連地(di)區淡水資(zi)源總量為每年(nian)37.86億立方(fang)米,其中地(di)表(biao)水資(zi)源34.2為億立方(fang)米、地(di)下水資(zi)源為8.84億立方(fang)米,兩(liang)者(zhe)重復水資(zi)源量5.8億立方(fang)米。
早在6000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前,我們的(de)(de)祖先就(jiu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。秦(qin)漢時(shi)(shi)期(qi),大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)遼東(dong)郡(jun)轄區(qu)(qu)。唐朝初期(qi),大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)安東(dong)都護府積利州(zhou)的(de)(de)轄區(qu)(qu)。遼代時(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)東(dong)京通遼陽府的(de)(de)轄區(qu)(qu)。大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)在魏晉時(shi)(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)三(san)山(shan),唐朝時(shi)(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)三(san)山(shan)浦,明清時(shi)(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)三(san)山(shan)海口、青泥洼口。十九世紀八十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,清朝于今大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)灣北岸建(jian)海港棧橋、筑(zhu)炮(pao)臺(tai)、設(she)水雷營,一時(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)小鎮(zhen)。沙俄侵(qin)占后,曾用青泥洼。1899年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始稱(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)市(shi)。第一、二次(ci)鴉(ya)片戰(zhan)(zhan)爭期(qi)間,英(ying)軍對大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)進行(xing)了(le)(le)侵(qin)擾(rao)。作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)甲(jia)午戰(zhan)(zhan)爭和日(ri)俄戰(zhan)(zhan)爭的(de)(de)主要戰(zhan)(zhan)場,大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)在近(jin)代史上曾遭(zao)受兩次(ci)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭劫,淪為(wei)(wei)俄、日(ri)殖民(min)地(di)(di)(di)近(jin)半(ban)個世紀,其中日(ri)本(ben)的(de)(de)殖民(min)統治達40年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月,日(ri)本(ben)宣布無條(tiao)件投降,大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)從反法西斯(si)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭的(de)(de)勝利中獲得解放(fang),結束了(le)(le)殖民(min)統治。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月,大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)市(shi)職工總會(hui)籌委(wei)會(hui)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。10月,中共中央東(dong)北局(ju)派韓光同志到大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)任市(shi)委(wei)書記(ji),組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)中共大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)市(shi)委(wei)員會(hui),并成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)市(shi)政府。1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,改為(wei)(wei)旅大(da)(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)委(wei)。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)基本(ben)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)社(she)會(hui)主義(yi)改造,1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月,更(geng)名為(wei)(wei)旅大(da)(da)(da)市(shi);1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始全面建(jian)設(she)社(she)會(hui)主義(yi);1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)經(jing)歷了(le)(le)“文化大(da)(da)(da)革命”;1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之后進入社(she)會(hui)主義(yi)現代化建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)新(xin)時(shi)(shi)期(qi);1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月,經(jing)國務院批準再次(ci)改稱(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)市(shi);1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),國務院批準大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei)(wei)沿海開(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)城(cheng)市(shi);1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),大(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)(lian)市(shi)被國務院確(que)定為(wei)(wei)計劃單列市(shi),享有省級(ji)經(jing)濟管理權限;1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被國家批準為(wei)(wei)副(fu)省級(ji)城(cheng)市(shi)。
金(jin)普城(cheng)際鐵路(lu)(lu)、大(da)連至(zhi)旅順中部通道、渤(bo)海大(da)道一(yi)期等工程進(jin)展順利,地鐵1號線和(he)2號線二期、202路(lu)(lu)軌道延伸線等工程即將(jiang)完工,東港商(shang)務(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)、新(xin)機場(chang)沿岸商(shang)務(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)、梭魚(yu)灣商(shang)務(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)配套工程加緊推進(jin),市(shi)(shi)規(gui)劃展示中心(xin)建成投入(ru)使用(yong)。實(shi)施(shi)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建設(she)“五個(ge)一(yi)”工程項目69個(ge),改(gai)造(zao)舊城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)22.4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),新(xin)建市(shi)(shi)民健身場(chang)所12.3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),改(gai)造(zao)集貿(mao)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)6.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),整治路(lu)(lu)街及兩側建筑(zhu)立面31.8公(gong)里(li)。完成306萬(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)既有(you)居(ju)住建筑(zhu)節能改(gai)造(zao),惠及家(jia)庭4.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)戶(hu)(hu)。改(gai)造(zao)供熱(re)管網452公(gong)里(li)。改(gai)造(zao)農村危(wei)房2001戶(hu)(hu)。
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