泉州市截至2017年,轄鯉城區、豐澤(ze)區、洛(luo)江區、泉港區4個區及(ji)惠安(an)縣、安(an)溪(xi)縣、永春縣、德化縣、金(jin)門縣(待(dai)統一)5個縣,代(dai)管晉江市(shi)(shi)、石獅市(shi)(shi)、南安(an)市(shi)(shi)3個縣級(ji)市(shi)(shi)。 市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府駐(zhu)地東(dong)海街(jie)(jie)道(dao)海星街(jie)(jie)市(shi)(shi)行政(zheng)服(fu)務中(zhong)心。
泉州位于東經117°25′—119°05′,北(bei)緯(wei)24°30′—25°56′,地處(chu)福建省東南(nan)沿海(hai)、臺灣海(hai)峽西(xi)岸,離臺灣最近處(chu)僅(jin)距97海(hai)里(li),距金(jin)(jin)門最近處(chu)僅(jin)5.61海(hai)里(li),東西(xi)寬153千米(mi),南(nan)北(bei)長157千米(mi),陸(lu)域面積11014.78平方(fang)千米(mi)(包(bao)括金(jin)(jin)門島),約占全省陸(lu)地面積的9.08%。
泉州市大(da)地(di)(di)構造位于華南(nan)褶皺系(xi)的東南(nan)部,閩東火(huo)山(shan)斷拗(ao)帶的中南(nan)段(duan)。構造帶均呈(cheng)北(bei)東—南(nan)西方(fang)向展(zhan)布(bu)。境內(nei)五分之(zhi)四以上的面(mian)積分布(bu)為中生代火(huo)山(shan)巖系(xi)和(he)(he)侵入巖,兩者出露面(mian)積約各占一(yi)半,從西北(bei)往東南(nan)侵入巖分布(bu)面(mian)積增多成為主(zhu)體。閩中大(da)山(shan)帶中段(duan)戴云山(shan)脈主(zhu)干呈(cheng)北(bei)東—南(nan)西方(fang)向展(zhan)布(bu),橫(heng)臥西北(bei)部德化境內(nei),規模龐大(da),主(zhu)峰海拔(ba)1856米,為福建省第二高峰。其支(zhi)脈和(he)(he)余脈向東南(nan)、南(nan)部綿延,地(di)(di)勢西北(bei)高,往東南(nan)呈(cheng)階(jie)梯狀下降(jiang),構成由中低(di)山(shan)向丘陵、臺地(di)(di)至平原遞變的多層狀地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌景觀(guan)。
泉州(zhou)市地(di)處(chu)低(di)緯(wei)度,東臨海洋(yang)(yang),屬亞熱帶海洋(yang)(yang)性季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)條件優越,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)資源豐(feng)富。泉州(zhou)市氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)3個基本特(te)征:一是氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)高,光(guang)熱豐(feng)富。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)太陽輻射總量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)120~140千卡/平(ping)(ping)方厘米,大部(bu)分(fen)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)19.5~21.0℃(僅西北(bei)(bei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)低(di)于(yu)18℃),最(zui)熱月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)達26~29℃,最(zui)冷月(yue)也有(you)9~13℃。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)無霜(shuang)期長,沿(yan)海地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)基本無霜(shuang)。≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效積溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5610~7250℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時數為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1800~2200小(xiao)時。二是降水充(chong)沛,但時空分(fen)布不(bu)均(jun)勻。全(quan)市年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1000~1800毫米,自東南(nan)(nan)部(bu)向西北(bei)(bei)部(bu)遞增,內陸地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)比沿(yan)海地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)多一倍(bei)左右。干(gan)、濕(shi)季(ji)(ji)甚為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)明:3~9月(yue)降水量占(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)80%,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)濕(shi)季(ji)(ji);10~2月(yue)僅占(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)20%,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)干(gan)季(ji)(ji)。降水量年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)際間變化率大,少雨(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)份降水量不(bu)及多雨(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)份的(de)(de)(de)一半。三(san)是季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)顯著(zhu)。冬半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)主要受蒙古冷高壓(ya)楔(xie)控(kong)制,盛行偏(pian)北(bei)(bei)風(feng)(feng)(feng),氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)低(di),干(gan)燥少雨(yu);夏半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)主要受副(fu)熱帶高壓(ya)影響(xiang),盛行偏(pian)南(nan)(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng),氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)高,濕(shi)潤多雨(yu)。
泉(quan)州市境(jing)內溪流(liu)密布,發源于本市境(jing)內流(liu)域(yu)(yu)面積(ji)100平方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)以上的(de)河流(liu)有34條(tiao)(tiao),總(zong)長度1549千(qian)(qian)米(mi),其中晉江(jiang)水系15條(tiao)(tiao),九龍江(jiang)水系5條(tiao)(tiao),閩江(jiang)水系9條(tiao)(tiao),單獨(du)入海5條(tiao)(tiao);流(liu)域(yu)(yu)面積(ji)50平方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)及以上河流(liu)81條(tiao)(tiao),總(zong)長度為2156千(qian)(qian)米(mi)。晉江(jiang)、洛陽(yang)江(jiang)為泉(quan)州市主(zhu)要河流(liu)。
泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)土地(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐富,耕地(di)(di)有(you)限(xian)。泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)境內(nei)溪流(liu)密布,發源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于本市(shi)(shi)(shi)境內(nei)流(liu)域面積100平方(fang)千米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的河(he)流(liu)有(you)34條(tiao),總長度1549千米(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)中(zhong)晉(jin)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系15條(tiao),九龍江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系5條(tiao),閩江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系9條(tiao),單獨入海5條(tiao);流(liu)域面積50平方(fang)千米(mi)(mi)(mi)及(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)河(he)流(liu)81條(tiao),總長度為(wei)2156千米(mi)(mi)(mi)。晉(jin)江、洛陽江為(wei)泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要河(he)流(liu),全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)多年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總量(liang)為(wei)96.13億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。2017年(nian)(nian)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)平均(jun)年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)為(wei)1242.6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),比常年(nian)(nian)偏少327.1毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),比2016年(nian)(nian)少1074.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。2017年(nian)(nian)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)80.428億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。2017年(nian)(nian)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)23.684億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。2017年(nian)(nian)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總量(liang)80.598億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),人(ren)均(jun)擁有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)為(wei)939立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)發現各類礦(kuang)(kuang)產46種(zhong),地(di)(di)質勘(kan)查探明資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)儲量(liang)的礦(kuang)(kuang)種(zhong)29種(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong):能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)礦(kuang)(kuang)產2種(zhong),金屬(shu)(shu)礦(kuang)(kuang)產8種(zhong),非金屬(shu)(shu)礦(kuang)(kuang)產18種(zhong),水(shui)(shui)(shui)氣礦(kuang)(kuang)產1種(zhong)。主(zhu)要礦(kuang)(kuang)產包(bao)括(kuo):鐵、錳、銅、鉛、鋅、鉬、金、銀(yin)、煤、硫鐵礦(kuang)(kuang)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(大理巖(yan)(yan))、葉蠟(la)石(shi)、硅灰(hui)石(shi)、明礬石(shi)、螢石(shi)(普通)、石(shi)墨(mo)、長石(shi)、高嶺土、陶瓷土(瓷石(shi))、伊利石(shi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粘土、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)花崗巖(yan)(yan)(凝灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan))、飾面用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)及(ji)(ji)雕刻用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輝綠巖(yan)(yan)(花崗巖(yan)(yan)、閃長巖(yan)(yan))、冶金用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)英、玻(bo)璃用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)砂(sha)、鑄型用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)砂(sha)、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)砂(sha)、地(di)(di)熱、礦(kuang)(kuang)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)等。泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)現有(you)土地(di)(di)總面積1099710公頃,其(qi)中(zhong)林業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)684719公頃,占全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)土地(di)(di)總面積的62.3%,森(sen)林覆(fu)蓋率59.14%。泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)野生動植物(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐富,記錄有(you)兩棲類2目(mu)7科(ke)(ke)32種(zhong),爬行類3目(mu)13科(ke)(ke)61種(zhong),鳥類19目(mu)51科(ke)(ke)260種(zhong),哺乳類6目(mu)14科(ke)(ke)32種(zhong);記錄有(you)野生維(wei)管束植物(wu)212科(ke)(ke)903屬(shu)(shu)2201種(zhong)(包(bao)括(kuo)逸生和歸(gui)化種(zhong)),其(qi)中(zhong)蕨類植物(wu)42科(ke)(ke)84屬(shu)(shu)199種(zhong),裸(luo)子植物(wu)8科(ke)(ke)15屬(shu)(shu)20種(zhong),被子植物(wu)162科(ke)(ke)804屬(shu)(shu)1982種(zhong)。
夏、商兩代(dai),地(di)(di)理(li)區(qu)劃(hua)屬揚州。西周,為(wei)(wei)七(qi)閩地(di)(di)。春秋末期(qi)至戰國(guo)初期(qi),屬越國(guo)地(di)(di)。太平興國(guo)五(wu)年(nian),因地(di)(di)遠(yuan)期(qi)會(hui)輸納不便,應楊(yang)海等之請,長(chang)泰縣(xian)(xian)析歸漳州。 雍正十二年(nian)(1734),升(sheng)永(yong)(yong)(yong)春縣(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)永(yong)(yong)(yong)春直(zhi)隸(li)州,劃(hua)德化縣(xian)(xian)并延平府(fu)大(da)田縣(xian)(xian)歸其轄理(li),隸(li)福(fu)建(jian)行省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。民國(guo)元年(nian)(1912),取消府(fu)、州、廳(ting),實行省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、道、縣(xian)(xian)三級地(di)(di)方政制,晉江、南(nan)(nan)安(an)(an)、同(tong)安(an)(an)、惠安(an)(an)、安(an)(an)溪、永(yong)(yong)(yong)春(民國(guo)2年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)廢(fei)州立(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian))、德化歸屬南(nan)(nan)路道(址(zhi)設廈門)。1949年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)24日(ri)(ri),福(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人民政府(fu)(省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)會(hui)福(fu)州)成立(li)(li)。8、9月(yue)(yue)間,南(nan)(nan)安(an)(an)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)春、惠安(an)(an)、晉江、安(an)(an)溪相繼(ji)解放(fang)。9月(yue)(yue), 全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)劃(hua)為(wei)(wei)八個行政督察區(qu)。公署設晉江縣(xian)(xian)城(今(jin)泉(quan)州市(shi)區(qu))。10月(yue)(yue)9日(ri)(ri),金門縣(xian)(xian)大(da)嶝島(dao)、小嶝島(dao)及角嶼解放(fang)。11月(yue)(yue)24日(ri)(ri),德化解放(fang),歸入第七(qi)行政督察區(qu)(專署駐永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian))。 2010年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)8日(ri)(ri),福(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人民政府(fu)正式批(pi)準設立(li)(li)泉(quan)州臺商投資區(qu)管(guan)理(li)委員會(hui),作為(wei)(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政府(fu)的(de)派出機構,并賦予設區(qu)市(shi)的(de)部(bu)分行政管(guan)理(li)權(quan)限和先行先試的(de)特殊(shu)政策,委托泉(quan)州市(shi)委、市(shi)政府(fu)管(guan)理(li)。