顯微鏡常見故障及維修

一、粗調失靈

故障現(xian)象是(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)轉(zhuan)動粗準(zhun)焦(jiao)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)時，鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)不能(neng)隨之(zhi)升降(jiang)。顯(xian)微鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)簡的(de)(de)升降(jiang)是(shi)(shi)靠齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶動因(yin)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)來實現(xian)的(de)(de)，而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)粗調(diao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)軸上(shang)，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)上(shang)。當(dang)(dang)轉(zhuan)動粗調(diao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)時，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶動條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)使鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)升降(jiang)。如果鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)不能(neng)隨之(zhi)升降(jiang)，說明齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)與齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)沒有吻(wen)合。常見的(de)(de)故障原因(yin)是(shi)(shi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)桿(gan)(gan)套隨粗調(diao)旋(xuan)紐一(yi)起轉(zhuan)動，即齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)桿(gan)(gan)套上(shang)的(de)(de)二個止(zhi)(zhi)動螺(luo)(luo)(luo)釘沒有把(ba)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)桿(gan)(gan)套固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)燕尾導軌(gui)上(shang)。修理方法是(shi)(shi)把(ba)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)移(yi)到齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)桿(gan)(gan)套缺(que)口中間，并(bing)讓(rang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)桿(gan)(gan)套的(de)(de)缺(que)口面向齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，再用(yong)小(xiao)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)絲刀將(jiang)尾導軌(gui)端面上(shang)的(de)(de)二個止(zhi)(zhi)動螺(luo)(luo)(luo)釘旋(xuan)緊。如果無效，說明齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)磨(mo)損嚴(yan)重，則需取(qu)下鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)，旋(xuan)出齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)上(shang)、下的(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)釘，將(jiang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)倒(dao)過來使用(yong)，因(yin)為齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)磨(mo)損主(zhu)要發生(sheng)在(zai)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)的(de)(de)上(shang)部。或者(zhe)根據齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)寬度剪一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)金屬(shu)薄(bo)片(pian)，讓(rang)金屬(shu)薄(bo)片(pian)鑲嵌在(zai)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)上(shang)，并(bing)用(yong)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)釘把(ba)薄(bo)片(pian)和齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)上(shang)，插上(shang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)調(diao)試(shi)。如感到有松(song)緊情況，則可更換(huan)金屬(shu)薄(bo)片(pian)的(de)(de)厚度，直至合適為止(zhi)(zhi)。或者(zhe)按原型號(hao)規(gui)格向生(sheng)產廠家購買新齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。

二、鏡筒自行下滑

故(gu)障(zhang)現象是當(dang)焦(jiao)距對準后，手(shou)松開準焦(jiao)螺(luo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)，鏡(jing)(jing)簡(jian)會自(zi)行(xing)下(xia)(xia)滑，導致(zhi)焦(jiao)距不準。顯微鏡(jing)(jing)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)構造中，齒(chi)(chi)輪軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松緊(jin)一(yi)(yi)般是用(yong)齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)套(tao)與粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小來控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)齒(chi)(chi)輪軸與齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)套(tao)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)(li)是由與齒(chi)(chi)輪軸連(lian)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)旅鈕(niu)(niu)通過兩個塑(su)料(liao)(liao)墊圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)緊(jin)壓(ya)在齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)套(tao)端(duan)面上而(er)取得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。糧調(diao)(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)或與齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)套(tao)端(duan)面壓(ya)得(de)越(yue)緊(jin)，得(de)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)(li)就越(yue)大。鏡(jing)(jing)筒自(zi)行(xing)下(xia)(xia)滑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因是由于墊圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)使用(yong)日久，磨損變形(xing)，導致(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)輪軸與齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)套(tao)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)(li)減少，齒(chi)(chi)輪軸與齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)套(tao)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)(li)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)矩(ju)克服(fu)不了(le)鏡(jing)(jing)筒自(zi)身重力(li)(li)而(er)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)矩(ju)而(er)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。修理方(fang)法(fa)是，雙(shuang)手(shou)各握一(yi)(yi)側粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)，相對按(an)照順時針方(fang)向(xiang)擰緊(jin)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)。如果無效(xiao)，則需加厚(hou)墊圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。用(yong)尖嘴鉗插入(ru)任一(yi)(yi)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)端(duan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)眼螺(luo)母內，將其旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)出，取下(xia)(xia)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)，取出塑(su)料(liao)(liao)墊圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，用(yong)青殼紙或薄(bo)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)片剪一(yi)(yi)個直徑(jing)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墊圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，夾在原墊圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)與粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)，重新裝好，如果轉動粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)很費力(li)(li)，說明墊圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)加得(de)太(tai)厚(hou)了(le)，應換個薄(bo)些的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墊圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，總之(zhi)以轉動粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)或有一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻力(li)(li)又要鏡(jing)(jing)筒不易(yi)自(zi)行(xing)下(xia)(xia)滑為準。

該圖片由注冊用戶"漫話生活"提供，版權聲明反饋

三、集光器不能定位或卡死

常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集光(guang)器有(you)二種(zhong)：一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)圓(yuan)盤或光(guang)欄(lan)，在圓(yuan)盤卜有(you)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)不(bu)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)孔。這種(zhong)光(guang)欄(lan)是(shi)依(yi)靠載物臺下面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)彈(dan)(dan)簧和(he)滾(gun)珠(zhu)卡(ka)在圓(yuan)盤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)孔中來定(ding)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。當滾(gun)珠(zhu)遺失(shi)或彈(dan)(dan)簧失(shi)效(xiao)時都可(ke)(ke)(ke)能造成光(guang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)能定(ding)位(wei)(wei)。修(xiu)理方(fang)(fang)法是(shi)更(geng)換滾(gun)珠(zhu)或彈(dan)(dan)簧。現(xian)在有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廠家已經把這種(zhong)依(yi)靠彈(dan)(dan)簧和(he)滾(gun)珠(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)方(fang)(fang)法改為依(yi)靠彈(dan)(dan)來定(ding)位(wei)(wei)，這種(zhong)結構更(geng)牢固(gu)，更(geng)不(bu)容易損壞。另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)彩虹式光(guang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，它是(shi)由(you)十(shi)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)圓(yuan)弧形薄鋼片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)（即遮(zhe)光(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)）組成。只要撥動滑動權上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)柄，就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以任意改變光(guang)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。其(qi)常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故障是(shi)遮(zhe)光(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鋼柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)脫落，造成手(shou)柄卡(ka)死(si)，光(guang)圈(quan)無(wu)法改變。修(xiu)理方(fang)(fang)法是(shi)，用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)螺絲刀把光(guang)欄(lan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二個(ge)固(gu)定(ding)螺釘(ding)(ding)松開，取(qu)(qu)出遮(zhe)光(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，把脫落的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)銅(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重新裝(zhuang)在遮(zhe)光(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，并用(yong)502膠(jiao)水(shui)把小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)銅(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)膠(jiao)牢，防止其(qi)再脫落。安裝(zhuang)時要注意，每(mei)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)遮(zhe)光(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)銅(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)要相反。或者找一(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)段粗細和(he)這光(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔徑配合緊密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)導線制作成小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)銅(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)裝(zhuang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，然后把光(guang)欄(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底板(ban)（帶(dai)有(you)十(shi)二個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)板(ban)叫(jiao)底板(ban)）朝上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，把每(mei)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)遮(zhe)光(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)～端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)銅(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)插在底板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孔內(nei)，并按逆時外方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)逐片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)排列整齊。再讓滑動板(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滑動槽(cao)依(yi)次套(tao)在上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)述遮(zhe)光(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)另一(yi)(yi)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)銅(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，蓋(gai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)蓋(gai)板(ban)，把三個(ge)固(gu)定(ding)螺釘(ding)(ding)擰緊即可(ke)(ke)(ke)，如果遮(zhe)光(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)斷裂(lie)一(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，只要把斷裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遮(zhe)光(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)取(qu)(qu)出光(guang)欄(lan)仍(reng)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以正常使用(yong)，斷裂(lie)兩(liang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)以上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)應向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)生產廠家購(gou)買更(geng)換。

四、傾斜關節過松

傾(qing)斜(xie)(xie)關節是(shi)指鏡臂與(yu)鏡柱連接處的(de)活(huo)動關節，使(shi)用顯微鏡時，常將鏡臂向(xiang)后傾(qing)斜(xie)(xie)成便(bian)于觀察的(de)角度，期(qi)使(shi)用后，傾(qing)斜(xie)(xie)關節就可(ke)(ke)能松動，造成鏡臂不能隨意傾(qing)斜(xie)(xie)。修理辦法是(shi)，是(shi)尖嘴鉗分(fen)別插入傾(qing)斜(xie)(xie)關節端(duan)面的(de)二個(ge)雙眼(yan)螺(luo)母(mu)內，順(shun)時針旋(xuan)轉，直至鏡臂傾(qing)斜(xie)(xie)時松緊適度。如(ru)果無效，則(ze)可(ke)(ke)能是(shi)鏡臂與(yu)鏡柱兩端(duan)面的(de)摩擦墊圈磨損，需加(jia)厚(hou)墊圈，用尖嘴銷將雙眼(yan)螺(luo)母(mu)旋(xuan)下(xia)，取出轉動軸，用青(qing)殼紙或薄(bo)塑(su)料(liao)片(pian)剪一個(ge)直徑相同(tong)的(de)奎(kui)圖將原(yuan)墊圈加(jia)厚(hou)，重新組裝好。

五、反光鏡的插腳在插座內過松或過緊

反光鏡插腳結構常見有二種：一種是在插腳上開條槽，依靠槽的寬窄來調節插腳在插座中的松緊一輸腳在插座中過松時，可用一字螺絲刀插(cha)(cha)入插(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)的(de)槽(cao)(cao)內，使槽(cao)(cao)的(de)開口(kou)(kou)增大，從而使插(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)在(zai)插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)內的(de)松(song)緊(jin)(jin)合適。反(fan)之，當插(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)過緊(jin)(jin)，可(ke)用(yong)鋼絲鉗(qian)把(ba)插(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)上槽(cao)(cao)的(de)開口(kou)(kou)收小。另一(yi)種是依靠(kao)止(zhi)緊(jin)(jin)螺(luo)釘(ding)來調節插(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)在(zai)插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)內牙(ya)將緊(jin)(jin)，當插(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)在(zai)插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)內過松(song)時，可(ke)用(yong)螺(luo)絲刀(dao)擰緊(jin)(jin)止(zhi)緊(jin)(jin)螺(luo)釘(ding)。如果插(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)在(zai)插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)內過緊(jin)(jin)，當轉(zhuan)動反(fan)光(guang)鏡時、易把(ba)插(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)扭斷(duan)，可(ke)用(yong)螺(luo)絲刀(dao)把(ba)止(zhi)緊(jin)(jin)螺(luo)釘(ding)擰松(song)即可(ke)。