農產品批發市場的意義

農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)批發(fa)市場是為(wei)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)集中交易(yi)提供場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有形市場，是農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)流通(tong)體系與營銷體系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心環節，發(fa)揮著集散(san)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)、提供價格(ge)服務等功能。我(wo)(wo)國“小農(nong)(nong)戶，大(da)市場”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾導致了(le)在眾多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小農(nong)(nong)戶和巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場之間需要(yao)一個(ge)龐大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流通(tong)體系來完成(cheng)生鮮農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集散(san)功能。順應(ying)需求，產(chan)(chan)(chan)生并形成(cheng)了(le)批發(fa)市場主(zhu)導型鮮活農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)物流模式。目前，我(wo)(wo)國農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)通(tong)過(guo)批發(fa)市場流通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比率非常(chang)高，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)批發(fa)市場作(zuo)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)流通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中心樞紐，對(dui)保障城市供應(ying)、解決農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)“買賣難”問題(ti)起著重要(yao)作(zuo)用。

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農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)流通(tong)(tong)決(jue)定(ding)了農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)擴(kuo)大再(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，而農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批發市(shi)(shi)場(chang)是我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)流通(tong)(tong)的(de)主要渠道。所以農(nong)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業化的(de)關鍵(jian)不(bu)是生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)環節，而是銷售環節，取決(jue)于農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)是否能(neng)夠(gou)開拓市(shi)(shi)場(chang)、贏得市(shi)(shi)場(chang)。目前，我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批發市(shi)(shi)場(chang)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)交(jiao)易額已占農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)社(she)會消費總額的(de)70%以上。在新時(shi)代(dai)(dai)下，農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)供應(ying)鏈受到農(nong)超、消費升(sheng)級的(de)挑(tiao)戰，面臨被(bei)孤(gu)立的(de)現實。因此我(wo)們應(ying)通(tong)(tong)過農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批發市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)升(sheng)級改造，完善農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)物流體系，增強其(qi)信(xin)息(xi)服務功能(neng)，促進生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)流通(tong)(tong)與(yu)消費的(de)緊密結合，建立農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)現代(dai)(dai)化市(shi)(shi)場(chang)流通(tong)(tong)體系，提高我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)國(guo)際競爭力。

如何進行農產品批發市場功能優化

1、完善農產品集散和交易的基本功能

農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)(pi)發(fa)(fa)市場功能(neng)優(you)化(hua)(hua)需要農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)(pi)發(fa)(fa)市場進一步完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)集散和交易(yi)(yi)的(de)基本功能(neng)，主要體現為(wei)優(you)化(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)(pi)發(fa)(fa)市場的(de)區(qu)域布局(ju)以及(ji)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)(pi)發(fa)(fa)交易(yi)(yi)提供完備(bei)的(de)基礎設施(shi)。在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)交易(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，由于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)大多具有鮮活易(yi)(yi)腐(fu)爛的(de)特點(dian)，保(bao)存時間較短，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)批(pi)(pi)發(fa)(fa)交易(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)損耗率(lv)較高(gao)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)(pi)發(fa)(fa)市場需要加強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)倉儲(chu)、物流、冷鏈、保(bao)鮮等基礎設施(shi)建設，降(jiang)低農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)流通過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)損耗。此外(wai)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)(pi)發(fa)(fa)市場應該具備(bei)完善的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)分(fen)類、分(fen)級(ji)、加工、包裝、儲(chu)運、裝卸以及(ji)金(jin)融結算服務(wu)功能(neng)，以提高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)流通效率(lv)和交易(yi)(yi)效率(lv)。

2、強化價格形成和降低交易成本的核心功能

由于(yu)農(nong)產(chan)品生產(chan)具(ju)有(you)(you)一定周(zhou)期性，而傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)產(chan)品即期現貨(huo)交易形成的(de)(de)(de)價格(ge)存在滯后性，只能反映當(dang)前農(nong)產(chan)品供(gong)求形勢，無法體現未來(lai)農(nong)產(chan)品供(gong)給狀況及價格(ge)走(zou)勢，在引導農(nong)產(chan)品生產(chan)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)作用有(you)(you)限。農(nong)產(chan)品批(pi)發市(shi)場應當(dang)能夠(gou)發揮套期保值、規(gui)避風險(xian)和(he)價格(ge)發現的(de)(de)(de)功能，能夠(gou)有(you)(you)效對(dui)沖現貨(huo)市(shi)場價格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)波動(dong)，為(wei)農(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)者提供(gong)明確的(de)(de)(de)價格(ge)信號。此外，出臺(tai)相(xiang)關(guan)法律法規(gui)，規(gui)范(fan)農(nong)產(chan)品批(pi)發市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)交易秩序，減少農(nong)產(chan)品批(pi)發市(shi)場中的(de)(de)(de)惡性競爭、壟(long)斷經營以及各種亂(luan)收(shou)費現象也是降低農(nong)產(chan)品交易成本的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效途徑。

3、明確信息服務和公益性的衍生功能

農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)是人們日常生活中的必需品(pin)(pin)，農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)供(gong)求及價格(ge)穩(wen)定關系到農(nong)(nong)民收益(yi)和消費者福利，是重要(yao)的民生問題。農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)市(shi)場具有顯著的公益(yi)性特(te)征，我們應(ying)(ying)當保(bao)(bao)障農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)市(shi)場供(gong)應(ying)(ying)、穩(wen)定農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)價格(ge)、確保(bao)(bao)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan)的公益(yi)功能。農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)市(shi)場的發(fa)展(zhan)可(ke)以(yi)重點(dian)從農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)交易的稅(shui)收減免和保(bao)(bao)障農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)兩方(fang)面強化其(qi)公益(yi)性特(te)征。