農產品批發市場的意義

農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)是為(wei)(wei)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)集(ji)(ji)中交易(yi)提供場(chang)(chang)所的(de)(de)(de)有(you)形市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，是農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)流(liu)通(tong)體(ti)系與營銷(xiao)體(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)核心環節，發(fa)揮著集(ji)(ji)散農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)、提供價格服務等功能。我國“小農戶，大市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)”的(de)(de)(de)矛盾(dun)導致了在眾多的(de)(de)(de)小農戶和巨大的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)之間需(xu)要(yao)一個龐大的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)通(tong)體(ti)系來(lai)完成生鮮農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)散功能。順(shun)應需(xu)求，產(chan)(chan)(chan)生并形成了批(pi)發(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主導型鮮活農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)物流(liu)模式。目前，我國農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)通(tong)過批(pi)發(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)流(liu)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)比率非常高，農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)流(liu)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)中心樞(shu)紐，對保(bao)障城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)供應、解決農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)“買賣難(nan)”問題起著重要(yao)作(zuo)用。

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農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)流(liu)通(tong)決定了農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)擴(kuo)大再生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，而(er)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批發(fa)市(shi)場是(shi)我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)流(liu)通(tong)的(de)(de)主要渠道(dao)。所以農(nong)(nong)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)業化的(de)(de)關鍵不是(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)環節(jie)，而(er)是(shi)銷售環節(jie)，取決于農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)是(shi)否能夠開拓(tuo)市(shi)場、贏得市(shi)場。目(mu)前，我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批發(fa)市(shi)場農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)交易(yi)額(e)已占農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)社(she)會消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)總額(e)的(de)(de)70%以上。在(zai)新(xin)時代(dai)下，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)供應鏈受到農(nong)(nong)超、消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)升級(ji)的(de)(de)挑戰，面臨被孤立的(de)(de)現(xian)實。因此我們應通(tong)過農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批發(fa)市(shi)場的(de)(de)升級(ji)改(gai)造(zao)，完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)物流(liu)體系，增強(qiang)其(qi)信息服務功能，促(cu)進生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)流(liu)通(tong)與(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)的(de)(de)緊密結(jie)合，建(jian)立農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)現(xian)代(dai)化市(shi)場流(liu)通(tong)體系，提高我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)國(guo)際競爭力。

如何進行農產品批發市場功能優化

1、完善農產品集散和交易的基本功能

農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批發市(shi)場(chang)(chang)功(gong)能(neng)優化需要(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批發市(shi)場(chang)(chang)進一步完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)集散和交易(yi)(yi)的(de)基本功(gong)能(neng)，主要(yao)體(ti)現為(wei)優化農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批發市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)區域布局以及為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批發交易(yi)(yi)提(ti)供完備的(de)基礎(chu)設施(shi)。在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)交易(yi)(yi)過程中，由于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)大多(duo)具有鮮活易(yi)(yi)腐爛(lan)的(de)特(te)點，保存時間較短，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)批發交易(yi)(yi)過程中損(sun)耗率(lv)(lv)(lv)較高(gao)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批發市(shi)場(chang)(chang)需要(yao)加強農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)倉儲、物流、冷(leng)鏈、保鮮等基礎(chu)設施(shi)建設，降低(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)流通(tong)過程中的(de)損(sun)耗。此(ci)外，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批發市(shi)場(chang)(chang)應該具備完善的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)分類、分級、加工、包裝、儲運、裝卸以及金融結算服務功(gong)能(neng)，以提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)流通(tong)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)和交易(yi)(yi)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)。

2、強化價格形成和降低交易成本的核心功能

由于農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產具(ju)有(you)一(yi)定周期性(xing)(xing)，而傳統的(de)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)即期現(xian)(xian)貨交(jiao)易形成的(de)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)存在滯(zhi)后(hou)性(xing)(xing)，只能反映當(dang)前農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)供求(qiu)形勢，無法體現(xian)(xian)未來農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)供給狀(zhuang)況及(ji)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)走勢，在引導農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產方面(mian)的(de)作用有(you)限。農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)批發(fa)(fa)市場(chang)應當(dang)能夠(gou)發(fa)(fa)揮套期保值、規(gui)避風(feng)險(xian)和價(jia)格(ge)(ge)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)功能，能夠(gou)有(you)效(xiao)對沖現(xian)(xian)貨市場(chang)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)的(de)波動，為農(nong)業生(sheng)產者提供明確(que)的(de)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)信(xin)號(hao)。此(ci)外(wai)，出臺相關法律法規(gui)，規(gui)范(fan)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)批發(fa)(fa)市場(chang)的(de)交(jiao)易秩序，減少(shao)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)批發(fa)(fa)市場(chang)中的(de)惡性(xing)(xing)競爭、壟(long)斷經營以及(ji)各(ge)種(zhong)亂收費現(xian)(xian)象也是降低農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)交(jiao)易成本的(de)有(you)效(xiao)途徑。

3、明確信息服務和公益性的衍生功能

農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)是人們日(ri)常(chang)生(sheng)活中(zhong)的(de)(de)必(bi)需品(pin)(pin)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)供求(qiu)及價(jia)格(ge)穩定關系到農(nong)(nong)(nong)民收益和(he)消費(fei)者福(fu)利(li)，是重要的(de)(de)民生(sheng)問題。農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發市場(chang)具(ju)有顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)公益性(xing)特征，我們應當保(bao)障農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)市場(chang)供應、穩定農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)價(jia)格(ge)、確保(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)公益功能。農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發市場(chang)的(de)(de)發展可以重點從農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發交易的(de)(de)稅收減(jian)免和(he)保(bao)障農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)兩(liang)方面(mian)強化其公益性(xing)特征。