質子交換膜燃料電池反應方程式

從本質上說，PEMFC是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水(shui)的一(yi)個「逆」裝置(zhi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水(shui)過程是利用外加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)使水(shui)發(fa)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解，從而(er)產生(sheng)氫和(he)氧；然而(er)，燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池則是氫和(he)氧發(fa)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反應產生(sheng)水(shui)，同時(shi)生(sheng)產出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的過程。

所以燃料(liao)電(dian)池的結構特征與電(dian)解水(shui)裝置是如出一轍的，它主要(yao)由(you)陽極(ji)、陰(yin)極(ji)、電(dian)解質和外部電(dian)路組成。

PEMFC中陽極(ji)為(wei)(wei)氫電極(ji)，陰(yin)極(ji)為(wei)(wei)氧(yang)電極(ji)，陰(yin)陽極(ji)都含有一定量用(yong)來加速電極(ji)上發(fa)生電化學(xue)反應的(de)催化劑，兩極(ji)之間以質子交換膜作為(wei)(wei)電解(jie)質。

當(dang)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氣與氧氣分別(bie)通入(ru)陽極(ji)(ji)和陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)時，進入(ru)陽極(ji)(ji)的氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氣在催化(hua)劑作用下離(li)(li)化(hua)成氫(qing)(qing)(qing)離(li)(li)子(zi)和電子(zi)；電子(zi)經(jing)外電路(lu)轉移(yi)到陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)離(li)(li)子(zi)則經(jing)質(zhi)子(zi)交換膜到達陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)；陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)的氧氣與氫(qing)(qing)(qing)離(li)(li)子(zi)及(ji)電子(zi)反應生(sheng)成水(shui)分子(zi)，其中產生(sheng)的水(shui)不會稀釋(shi)電解質(zhi)，卻是隨著(zhu)尾氣通過電極(ji)(ji)排(pai)出(chu)。

因此，PEMFC的電(dian)化學反(fan)應(ying)為：2H2+O2→2H2O

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

質子交換膜燃料電池的優點

1、發電過程不(bu)涉(she)及氫(qing)氧燃燒，因而不(bu)受卡諾(nuo)循(xun)環的(de)限制，能量轉換率高。

2、發電時不產生污染。

3、發電單元模塊化，可靠性高，組裝和(he)維修都(dou)很(hen)方便。

4、工作時沒有噪(zao)音。

質子交換膜燃料電池發展瓶頸

1、成本問題

PEMFC的(de)成(cheng)本問題(ti)是多方面引起的(de)，首先，由(you)于其工作條件(jian)是強酸性環(huan)境，必須使用昂貴的(de)Pt作為(wei)催化劑；其次(ci)，現今(jin)使用較多的(de)電解質膜(mo)是性能好(hao)的(de)商業(ye)Nafion膜(mo)，這(zhe)就極大提高了PEMFC的(de)生產(chan)成(cheng)本。

2、氫源問題

PEMFC最理想的(de)燃料是純(chun)氫，但氫氣(qi)是最輕的(de)氣(qi)體，其儲存(cun)和運輸不(bu)易。

3、壽命問題

目前很多實驗室研究PEMFC發現可達(da)10000h，而實際應用到汽車上時，其壽(shou)命(ming)直線縮減，使用壽(shou)命(ming)有(you)待(dai)提高。

質子交換膜燃料電池應用前景

質子交換膜燃料電池發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)作為新(xin)一代發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，其廣闊(kuo)的(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前景可與(yu)計算機技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)相媲(pi)美。經過多年的(de)基(ji)礎研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作汽車動(dong)力的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)已取得實質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)進(jin)展，微型(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)便攜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和(he)小(xiao)型(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)移(yi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源已達到(dao)產品(pin)化程(cheng)度(du)，中(zhong)(zhong)、大(da)(da)功率(lv)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)也取得了一定成(cheng)(cheng)果。由于質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)有望成(cheng)(cheng)為移(yi)動(dong)裝(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和(he)重要建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)主要發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展方向，因此有許多問題需(xu)(xu)要進(jin)行深入的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。就備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)而言，除(chu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堆質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量、效率(lv)和(he)可靠(kao)性(xing)等基(ji)礎研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)外，其應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)主要包(bao)括適(shi)應(ying)(ying)各(ge)種環(huan)境(jing)需(xu)(xu)要的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機集成(cheng)(cheng)制(zhi)(zhi)造技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)， 質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)輸(shu)出補償與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力變換(huan)(huan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機并聯(lian)運(yun)行與(yu)控制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站制(zhi)(zhi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)與(yu)儲氫(qing)(qing)(qing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，適(shi)應(ying)(ying)環(huan)境(jing)要求(qiu)的(de)空氣(qi)(氧氣(qi))供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氣(qi)安全監控與(yu)排(pai)放(fang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站基(ji)礎自動(dong)化設(she)備(bei)(bei)與(yu)控制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱聯(lian)產聯(lian)供(gong)(gong)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)，以及質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站建(jian)設(she)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)等等。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)高重要裝(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)及建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)性(xing)，使重要建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)以市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)集中(zhong)(zhong)柴(chai)油電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方式向市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)、小(xiao)型(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置、太陽能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風力發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等分散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源聯(lian)網備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)靈(ling)活發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)轉變，極(ji)大(da)(da)地提(ti)高建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)的(de)智(zhi)能(neng)化程(cheng)度(du)、節能(neng)水(shui)平和(he)環(huan)保效益。