質子交換膜燃料電池反應方程式

從本(ben)質上說，PEMFC是(shi)電(dian)解水(shui)的(de)一個「逆(ni)」裝置(zhi)。電(dian)解水(shui)過程是(shi)利用外加電(dian)源使水(shui)發生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)解，從而(er)產生(sheng)(sheng)氫(qing)(qing)和氧；然而(er)，燃料電(dian)池(chi)則是(shi)氫(qing)(qing)和氧發生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)化學反應(ying)產生(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)，同時生(sheng)(sheng)產出電(dian)的(de)過程。

所以燃料電(dian)池(chi)的結(jie)構(gou)特(te)征與電(dian)解水裝置是如(ru)出一轍的，它主要由陽極、陰極、電(dian)解質和外部電(dian)路組成。

PEMFC中(zhong)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)為氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)為氧電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，陰(yin)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)都含有一定量用來加速電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)上發(fa)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應的催(cui)化劑，兩(liang)極(ji)(ji)之間以(yi)質子交換(huan)膜作為電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質。

當氫(qing)氣(qi)與氧氣(qi)分別通(tong)入(ru)陽極(ji)(ji)和陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)時，進入(ru)陽極(ji)(ji)的氫(qing)氣(qi)在催化(hua)劑作用下(xia)離化(hua)成氫(qing)離子(zi)(zi)和電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)；電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)經(jing)外電(dian)(dian)路(lu)轉(zhuan)移(yi)到陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)，氫(qing)離子(zi)(zi)則(ze)經(jing)質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)膜到達陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)；陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)的氧氣(qi)與氫(qing)離子(zi)(zi)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)反應生成水分子(zi)(zi)，其中產(chan)生的水不會稀釋電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)，卻是隨著(zhu)尾氣(qi)通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)排出。

因此(ci)，PEMFC的電化學反應為(wei)：2H2+O2→2H2O

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

質子交換膜燃料電池的優點

1、發電過程不涉及氫氧燃(ran)燒(shao)，因(yin)而(er)不受卡(ka)諾循環的限制，能量(liang)轉換率(lv)高。

2、發(fa)電時不產生(sheng)污(wu)染。

3、發電單元模(mo)塊化，可靠性高，組(zu)裝和維修都很方(fang)便。

4、工作時沒有噪音。

質子交換膜燃料電池發展瓶頸

1、成本問題

PEMFC的(de)(de)成本問題(ti)是多方面引起的(de)(de)，首先，由于(yu)其工作條(tiao)件(jian)是強酸(suan)性環境，必須使(shi)用昂(ang)貴的(de)(de)Pt作為催化(hua)劑；其次，現今使(shi)用較多的(de)(de)電(dian)解質膜是性能好的(de)(de)商業Nafion膜，這就極(ji)大提高了PEMFC的(de)(de)生產(chan)成本。

2、氫源問題

PEMFC最理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)燃料是(shi)純氫(qing)，但氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)是(shi)最輕的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體，其儲(chu)存和(he)運(yun)輸不易。

3、壽命問題

目(mu)前很(hen)多實驗室研究PEMFC發現可(ke)達10000h，而實際(ji)應(ying)用(yong)到汽車上時，其壽命(ming)直線(xian)縮減，使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)有(you)待提高。

質子交換膜燃料電池應用前景

質子交換膜燃料電池發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)作為新一(yi)代發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術，其(qi)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前景可(ke)與(yu)計算機(ji)(ji)技(ji)(ji)術相媲美。經(jing)過多年的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)與(yu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作汽車(che)動(dong)力的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)已取得(de)實質(zhi)(zhi)性進展，微型(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)便(bian)攜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和(he)(he)小型(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)移動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源已達到產品化(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)，中、大(da)功率(lv)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)也取得(de)了一(yi)定(ding)成果。由于(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)有望成為移動(dong)裝(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展方向，因此有許(xu)多問題(ti)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)進行深入的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。就備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)而言，除質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堆質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、效率(lv)和(he)(he)可(ke)靠性等(deng)基礎(chu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)外，其(qi)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)主要(yao)(yao)包括適(shi)應(ying)各種環境(jing)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)集(ji)成制造(zao)技(ji)(ji)術， 質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)輸出補償與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力變換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)技(ji)(ji)術，質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)并聯(lian)運行與(yu)控(kong)制技(ji)(ji)術，備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)制氫(qing)(qing)與(yu)儲(chu)氫(qing)(qing)技(ji)(ji)術，適(shi)應(ying)環境(jing)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(氧氣(qi)(qi))供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)技(ji)(ji)術，氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)安全監控(kong)與(yu)排(pai)放技(ji)(ji)術，氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)基礎(chu)自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)設備(bei)(bei)與(yu)控(kong)制系統(tong)(tong)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱聯(lian)產聯(lian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)系統(tong)(tong)，以及質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建(jian)設技(ji)(ji)術等(deng)等(deng)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將大(da)大(da)提高重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)及建(jian)筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性，使重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)以市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)集(ji)中柴油電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)方式向市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)中、小型(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風(feng)力發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)分散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源聯(lian)網備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)靈活發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)轉(zhuan)變，極(ji)大(da)地提高建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)水平和(he)(he)環保效益(yi)。