質子交換膜燃料電池反應方程式

從本質上說(shuo)，PEMFC是電(dian)(dian)解(jie)水(shui)(shui)的一個「逆(ni)」裝置。電(dian)(dian)解(jie)水(shui)(shui)過程(cheng)(cheng)是利(li)用(yong)外加電(dian)(dian)源使(shi)水(shui)(shui)發生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)，從而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)氫和氧；然而(er)，燃料電(dian)(dian)池則(ze)是氫和氧發生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)化學反應產(chan)生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)，同時生(sheng)產(chan)出電(dian)(dian)的過程(cheng)(cheng)。

所以燃料電池的結(jie)構特征與電解(jie)水裝置是(shi)如出(chu)一轍的，它主要(yao)由陽極(ji)、陰(yin)極(ji)、電解(jie)質和(he)外部電路組成。

PEMFC中(zhong)陽極(ji)為氫電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，陰極(ji)為氧電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，陰陽極(ji)都含有一(yi)定量用來加速電(dian)(dian)極(ji)上發生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)應的催(cui)化劑，兩(liang)極(ji)之間以質子交換膜作為電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質。

當氫(qing)(qing)氣與(yu)氧氣分(fen)(fen)別(bie)通入陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)和陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)時，進入陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)氫(qing)(qing)氣在催化(hua)劑作用下離化(hua)成氫(qing)(qing)離子(zi)(zi)和電子(zi)(zi)；電子(zi)(zi)經(jing)外(wai)電路(lu)轉移到陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，氫(qing)(qing)離子(zi)(zi)則(ze)經(jing)質子(zi)(zi)交換膜到達陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)；陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)氧氣與(yu)氫(qing)(qing)離子(zi)(zi)及電子(zi)(zi)反(fan)應生成水分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)，其中產生的(de)水不會稀(xi)釋電解質，卻(que)是(shi)隨著尾氣通過(guo)電極(ji)(ji)(ji)排出。

因此，PEMFC的電化學反應為：2H2+O2→2H2O

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

質子交換膜燃料電池的優點

1、發電(dian)過(guo)程不(bu)涉及氫氧燃燒，因而(er)不(bu)受(shou)卡諾循(xun)環的限制，能量(liang)轉換率高。

2、發電時(shi)不產生(sheng)污染。

3、發電單元模塊化，可靠(kao)性(xing)高(gao)，組裝和(he)維(wei)修都很方(fang)便。

4、工作時(shi)沒(mei)有噪音。

質子交換膜燃料電池發展瓶頸

1、成本問題

PEMFC的(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)問題(ti)是多(duo)方(fang)面引起的(de)(de)，首先，由于(yu)其工作(zuo)(zuo)條件是強酸(suan)性(xing)環境，必(bi)須使用昂貴的(de)(de)Pt作(zuo)(zuo)為催化劑；其次(ci)，現(xian)今使用較多(duo)的(de)(de)電解質膜是性(xing)能好的(de)(de)商(shang)業Nafion膜，這就極大提高了PEMFC的(de)(de)生產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)。

2、氫源問題

PEMFC最理想的燃料是(shi)純(chun)氫，但(dan)氫氣是(shi)最輕的氣體，其儲存和運輸不易。

3、壽命問題

目前很多實驗(yan)室研究(jiu)PEMFC發現可達(da)10000h，而(er)實際應用到(dao)汽車上時，其壽(shou)命直(zhi)線(xian)縮減，使用壽(shou)命有待提(ti)高。

質子交換膜燃料電池應用前景

質子交換膜燃料電池發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)作為新一代(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術(shu)(shu)，其(qi)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)前(qian)景可(ke)(ke)與(yu)(yu)計算(suan)機(ji)技術(shu)(shu)相媲美。經過多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎研究(jiu)與(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)用(yong)(yong)作汽車動(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)已(yi)取得實(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)進展，微型(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)便攜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)移動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)已(yi)達(da)到產(chan)(chan)品化(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)，中(zhong)、大(da)功(gong)率質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)也(ye)取得了一定成果(guo)。由于質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)有(you)望成為移動(dong)裝(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)重(zhong)要(yao)建筑物(wu)備(bei)(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展方向(xiang)，因此有(you)許多問題需(xu)要(yao)進行深入的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)。就備(bei)(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)氫(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)而(er)言，除質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堆質(zhi)(zhi)量、效(xiao)(xiao)率和(he)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)等(deng)基(ji)礎研究(jiu)外(wai)，其(qi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)研究(jiu)主要(yao)包括(kuo)適應(ying)(ying)(ying)各種環(huan)境(jing)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)集(ji)(ji)成制造技術(shu)(shu)， 質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)輸出補(bu)償與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)變換(huan)(huan)(huan)技術(shu)(shu)，質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)并聯(lian)運行與(yu)(yu)控制技術(shu)(shu)，備(bei)(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)氫(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)制氫(qing)與(yu)(yu)儲氫(qing)技術(shu)(shu)，適應(ying)(ying)(ying)環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(氧氣(qi))供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)技術(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)氣(qi)安全監控與(yu)(yu)排放(fang)技術(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)基(ji)礎自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)與(yu)(yu)控制系(xi)統(tong)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，建筑物(wu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)氫(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱聯(lian)產(chan)(chan)聯(lian)供(gong)(gong)系(xi)統(tong)，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)氫(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建設(she)技術(shu)(shu)等(deng)等(deng)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)氫(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將大(da)大(da)提高重(zhong)要(yao)裝(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)(bei)及(ji)(ji)建筑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)，使重(zhong)要(yao)建筑物(wu)以(yi)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)備(bei)(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)柴油(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式向(xiang)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)、小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置、太陽能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風(feng)力(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)分散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)聯(lian)網備(bei)(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)活發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)轉變，極大(da)地提高建筑物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)、節能(neng)水平和(he)環(huan)保效(xiao)(xiao)益。