通草的種植方法詳解
如(ru)何(he)種植(zhi)通草(cao)?主要包括4大(da)部分:
1、選地整地
栽培地應選(xuan)擇灌溉(gai)方便、排水良好得雜木林(lin),次生林(lin)山區溝谷地、緩坡地帶,坡度(du)(du)不超過IO壹15度(du)(du),肥沃得棕色森林(lin)土、砂質土。播(bo)種前進行整地。
2、繁殖方法
種(zhong)(zhong)子繁(fan)殖(zhi),適宜種(zhong)(zhong)植時間為4-10月。選陰雨(yu)天(tian)或晴天(tian)下(xia)午太陽偏斜時,按行距20-25厘米開溝條播(bo),株(zhu)距可(ke)依土質(zhi)肥瘠、管(guan)理(li)粗細、排灌(guan)難(nan)易而定。種(zhong)(zhong)子播(bo)人溝內后(hou),覆土2-3厘米,鎮壓即可(ke)。用新高(gao)脂(zhi)膜600——800倍液噴霧土壤表(biao)面,可(ke)保墑防(fang)水分蒸發(fa)、防(fang)曬抗(kang)旱、防(fang)土層板結(jie),窒息(xi)和(he)隔離病蟲源,提高(gao)出苗率(lv)。通草的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植除了可(ke)以(yi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)之外,還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用扦插(cha)或早春根(gen)插(cha)。不管(guan)哪一種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)植方式,對通草幼苗的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)非常重要(yao)。溫度、濕度一定要(yao)合(he)適,還(huan)要(yao)合(he)理(li)施(shi)肥,增強(qiang)幼苗的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)病能(neng)力,使幼苗可(ke)以(yi)茁壯成長。幼苗培育的(de)(de)(de)好,莖(jing)部才能(neng)夠更好的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長,使得通草的(de)(de)(de)產量(liang)(liang)和(he)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)都得到(dao)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)。
3、田間管理
播種后保(bao)持土壤濕潤(run),幼苗(miao)(miao)生(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)應注意排水。幼苗(miao)(miao)出土后,要(yao)及時撤除蓋頭草,并除草、間苗(miao)(miao)。第一片真葉全展(zhan)后,按株距(ju)6厘(li)米定(ding)苗(miao)(miao)。苗(miao)(miao)高30厘(li)米以上應塔架(jia)扶蔓,采取人(ren)工(gong)搭(da)架(jia)時可將各種樹枝搭(da)成籬(li)笆支(zhi)架(jia),可利(li)用小喬木(mu)(mu)或灌木(mu)(mu),如蔓荊子、山毛豆等(deng)。生(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)每年施農(nong)家肥2~3次。
4、采收加工
每年10-11月間,正是通草莖髓容(rong)易通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)脫的(de)(de)適宜期(qi)。此(ci)時砍(kan)取3年生(sheng)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)枯株地(di)上莖,用利刀削去上部嫩莖和葉片(pian),將莖截成(cheng)約70厘(li)米(mi)長的(de)(de)一段(duan),平放固定好(hao)。隨(sui)即(ji)用一條(tiao)80厘(li)米(mi)長、直(zhi)徑與通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)髓部相同的(de)(de)光滑木(mu)棒,一頭(tou)對準髓部,用鐵(木(mu))錘輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)敲打另一頭(tou),即(ji)可將通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)莖段(duan)內的(de)(de)髓部通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)。將通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)的(de)(de)髓部稍加理直(zhi)后攤放在干(gan)凈的(de)(de)竹席(xi)上暴(bao)曬,至輕(qing)(qing)折即(ji)斷(duan)時為足(zu)(zu)干(gan),即(ji)成(cheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)條(tiao)。暴(bao)曬通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)時,要(yao)特別注意(yi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)沾露水和水滴,否則會(hui)使通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)條(tiao)發生(sheng)霉(mei)變,出(chu)現黃斑、黑點,降低成(cheng)品(pin)質量。曬干(gan)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)條(tiao),扎成(cheng)捆后堆放在干(gan)燥的(de)(de)高處,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)受潮。商品(pin)以(yi)足(zu)(zu)干(gan),色(se)雪白,大(da)條(tiao)體輕(qing)(qing),心腔有層層薄(bo)膜,無黃斑黑點者為佳。