單方行為、雙方行為與多(duo)方行為

1、單方法律行為

無須他人(ren)(ren)(ren)意思(si)表示(shi)就可成立生效。單方行為(wei)又(you)分為(wei)：有(you)相(xiang)對人(ren)(ren)(ren)的單方行為(wei)：如(ru)授(shou)權、解除(chu)、免除(chu)、撤銷。無相(xiang)對人(ren)(ren)(ren)的單方行為(wei)：如(ru)拋棄行為(wei)、遺囑行為(wei)、捐助財團(tuan)法人(ren)(ren)(ren)的行為(wei)。

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2、雙方法律行為

內容相同方向相反，如合同，需要雙方意(yi)思表(biao)示(shi)一(yi)致。

3、多方法律行為

多(duo)方法律(lv)行為，是(shi)指(zhi)必須經雙方(或多(duo)方)當事(shi)人(ren)意思表示一致才能成立(li)的民(min)事(shi)法律(lv)行為，如訂(ding)立(li)合同的行為。民(min)事(shi)法律(lv)行為多(duo)數(shu)為多(duo)方法律(lv)行為。

有償行為與無償行為

1、什么是有償行為

有償民事法律行為(wei)是(shi)(shi)雙方(fang)當事人各因(yin)給付而(er)取得對(dui)(dui)待(dai)(dai)利(li)(li)益的(de)行為(wei)，即約定各方(fang)當事人均需履行義務，并獲得有對(dui)(dui)價(jia)利(li)(li)益的(de)權利(li)(li)。所(suo)謂對(dui)(dui)價(jia)或對(dui)(dui)待(dai)(dai)利(li)(li)益，是(shi)(shi)按(an)市場法則判斷當事人在交易中各得其(qi)所(suo)，而(er)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)按(an)觀念判斷的(de)絕對(dui)(dui)均等。

2、什么是無償行為

無(wu)(wu)償(chang)民事(shi)(shi)法律(lv)行(xing)為(wei)是(shi)當事(shi)(shi)人(ren)約定(ding)一方(fang)當事(shi)(shi)人(ren)履行(xing)義務，對(dui)方(fang)當事(shi)(shi)人(ren)不給與對(dui)價利(li)益的(de)行(xing)為(wei)。這種行(xing)為(wei)的(de)特點(dian)是(shi)，雙方(fang)不形(xing)成(cheng)對(dui)應報償(chang)關系。贈與、使用借貸等都(dou)是(shi)無(wu)(wu)償(chang)行(xing)為(wei)。

諾成(cheng)性行(xing)為和實踐性行(xing)為

1、什么是諾成性行為

諾成(cheng)(cheng)性民事法(fa)(fa)律行為(wei)，“實踐性民事法(fa)(fa)律行為(wei)”的對(dui)稱，又稱“諾成(cheng)(cheng)的法(fa)(fa)律行為(wei)”。是(shi)指(zhi)只須(xu)由當(dang)事人雙方意思(si)表示一致(zhi)即可依法(fa)(fa)成(cheng)(cheng)立的雙方法(fa)(fa)律行為(wei)。

2、什么是實踐性行為

實(shi)踐性行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，是(shi)指除(chu)當(dang)事(shi)(shi)人意思表示(shi)一致之外，還需(xu)要(yao)交付(fu)標的(de)(de)物(wu)才能成(cheng)立的(de)(de)民事(shi)(shi)法律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)。實(shi)踐性民事(shi)(shi)法律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)有交物(wu)這個特點(dian)，又被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)要(yao)物(wu)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)。如民間借貸行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)就是(shi)一種典(dian)型的(de)(de)實(shi)踐性行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)。

要式(shi)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)和非要式(shi)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)

1、什么是要式行為

要(yao)式(shi)(shi)行為(wei)(wei)是指(zhi)公民(min)(min)設立(li)、變更、終止民(min)(min)事(shi)權(quan)利和民(min)(min)事(shi)義務(wu)要(yao)符合(he)法(fa)律的(de)規定，遵照(zhao)法(fa)律要(yao)求的(de)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)，才(cai)能成立(li)的(de)法(fa)律行為(wei)(wei)。其必須采取一(yi)定形(xing)式(shi)(shi)或履(lv)行一(yi)定程序。例(li)如，票據行為(wei)(wei)就是典型的(de)要(yao)式(shi)(shi)行為(wei)(wei)。再(zai)例(li)如，房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)過(guo)戶時進行房(fang)(fang)產登記就是要(yao)式(shi)(shi)行為(wei)(wei)。不按照(zhao)法(fa)律規定的(de)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)的(de)要(yao)式(shi)(shi)行為(wei)(wei)不具備法(fa)律效力(li)。

要式(shi)(shi)(shi)行為又分為一般要式(shi)(shi)(shi)(書(shu)(shu)面(mian)形式(shi)(shi)(shi))和(he)特殊要式(shi)(shi)(shi)(書(shu)(shu)面(mian)+登記或(huo)批準)。我國要式(shi)(shi)(shi)行為主要有(you)：遺囑、收養(yang)協議、結婚(hun)、一方(fang)是銀行的借款合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、融資租賃(lin)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、建設(she)工程承包合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、技術轉讓(rang)和(he)技術開(kai)發合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、抵(di)押合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、質押合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、定(ding)金合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、保(bao)證合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。沒有(you)采取(qu)(qu)一般要式(shi)(shi)(shi)的，合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不成(cheng)立；沒有(you)采取(qu)(qu)特殊要式(shi)(shi)(shi)的，合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不生效。

2、什么是非要式行為

非要式(shi)行(xing)(xing)為，是指(zhi)無(wu)需特定(ding)形(xing)式(shi)或(huo)程序即能(neng)成立的法(fa)律(lv)行(xing)(xing)為。綜(zong)合起來說就是：如法(fa)律(lv)規(gui)定(ding)某種(zhong)(zhong)民(min)事法(fa)律(lv)行(xing)(xing)為無(wu)須(xu)采(cai)用某種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)。公民(min)或(huo)者法(fa)人設立、變更、終止民(min)事權利(li)和民(min)事義(yi)務，無(wu)須(xu)遵(zun)照法(fa)律(lv)要求的形(xing)式(shi)，其法(fa)律(lv)行(xing)(xing)為方能(neng)成立。

有(you)因行為與無因行為

1、什么是有因行為

以原因(yin)為(wei)(wei)條件的(de)民事(shi)(shi)法(fa)律行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)。即該(gai)民事(shi)(shi)法(fa)律行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)力受原因(yin)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)的(de)制(zhi)約，原因(yin)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)如有(you)欠缺、不(bu)(bu)(bu)合法(fa)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)可能或與該(gai)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)一致的(de)，則該(gai)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)成立。也就是有(you)因(yin)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)果。

2、什么是無因行為

不以原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)條件的民(min)事法律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)。即不論原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)是否欠缺、違法等(deng)，該行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)自完成時(shi)起發生效力，不受原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)的制(zhi)約。

財(cai)產行(xing)為(wei)和(he)身份行(xing)為(wei)

1、什么是財產行為

財產行為，又稱“財產上行為”。是指以意思表示為要件，旨在設立、變更或終止財產法律關系的民事法律行為(wei)。大(da)陸法(fa)民法(fa)理論上的概念。依其內容又可分為(wei)債權(quan)行為(wei)、物(wu)權(quan)行為(wei)和準(zhun)物(wu)權(quan)行為(wei)三(san)類。

2、什么是身份行為

身份(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)，又(you)稱“親(qin)屬(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)”。是(shi)指基于意思表示而發生身份(fen)關系變動(dong)效果的(de)民事法(fa)律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)。如結婚(hun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)、離婚(hun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)、收(shou)養行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)等(deng)。身份(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)不(bu)同于一般法(fa)律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)的(de)特征在于：（1）其行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)內容受到法(fa)律的(de)嚴格限(xian)制，不(bu)得違反法(fa)定親(qin)屬(shu)關系的(de)要求；（2）其形(xing)式為(wei)要式行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)，通常以(yi)登(deng)記手續(xu)為(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)成(cheng)立(li)要件。

處分行為(wei)與負擔(dan)行為(wei)

1、什么是處分行為

處(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是直接(jie)讓(rang)(rang)與(yu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)、變(bian)更(geng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)內容、設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)負擔或廢止(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)之法律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。處(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)與(yu)準(zhun)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，系(xi)(xi)直接(jie)讓(rang)(rang)與(yu)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、變(bian)更(geng)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)內容、設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)性負擔及(ji)廢止(zhi)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)之處(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，如讓(rang)(rang)與(yu)所(suo)有權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、拋(pao)棄所(suo)有權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)抵押權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)動產(chan)質權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)（須注意(yi)，設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)質權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)系(xi)(xi)準(zhun)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)）等；準(zhun)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)系(xi)(xi)直接(jie)變(bian)動物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)以(yi)外(wai)之權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)的處(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，例(li)如債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)讓(rang)(rang)與(yu)，設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)質權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)等。

2、什么是負擔行為

債(zhai)權行(xing)(xing)為(wei)，“物權行(xing)(xing)為(wei)”的對稱。是(shi)指通過意思表示而發(fa)生債(zhai)權法(fa)(fa)(fa)上效果(guo)的民事法(fa)(fa)(fa)律行(xing)(xing)為(wei)。其基本形(xing)式為(wei)雙方法(fa)(fa)(fa)律行(xing)(xing)為(wei)，如債(zhai)權合同行(xing)(xing)為(wei)；也包括某些單方法(fa)(fa)(fa)律行(xing)(xing)為(wei)，如委托授權行(xing)(xing)為(wei)。合法(fa)(fa)(fa)成(cheng)立的債(zhai)權行(xing)(xing)為(wei)具有(you)在特定(ding)當(dang)事人之(zhi)間設(she)立，變更(geng)或終止相對關系的效力。