單方(fang)(fang)行為、雙方(fang)(fang)行為與多方(fang)(fang)行為

1、單方法律行為

無(wu)須他(ta)人(ren)意思表示就可成立生效。單方(fang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)又分為(wei)：有相對人(ren)的單方(fang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)：如授權(quan)、解除、免除、撤銷。無(wu)相對人(ren)的單方(fang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)：如拋棄行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)、遺囑行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)、捐助財團法人(ren)的行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)。

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2、雙方法律行為

內容相(xiang)同方向相(xiang)反，如合同，需要(yao)雙方意思表示一致。

3、多方法律行為

多方(fang)法(fa)(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)，是指必須經雙方(fang)(或多方(fang))當事(shi)人意思表(biao)示一致才能成立的民(min)事(shi)法(fa)(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)，如訂立合同的行(xing)為(wei)。民(min)事(shi)法(fa)(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)多數為(wei)多方(fang)法(fa)(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)。

有(you)償行為與無償行為

1、什么是有償行為

有償民事法律行為是(shi)雙(shuang)方當事(shi)人各(ge)(ge)因給付(fu)而取得(de)對待利益(yi)(yi)的(de)行為，即約定各(ge)(ge)方當事(shi)人均需履行義(yi)務(wu)，并獲得(de)有(you)對價利益(yi)(yi)的(de)權利。所謂對價或對待利益(yi)(yi)，是(shi)按市場法則判斷當事(shi)人在交易中各(ge)(ge)得(de)其(qi)所，而不(bu)是(shi)按觀念判斷的(de)絕(jue)對均等。

2、什么是無償行為

無償民(min)事(shi)法律行為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)約定一(yi)方當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)履行義務，對方當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)給與(yu)對價(jia)利益的(de)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)。這種行為(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)特點是(shi)，雙(shuang)方不(bu)形成對應報償關系。贈與(yu)、使用借貸等都是(shi)無償行為(wei)(wei)(wei)。

諾成(cheng)性行為和實踐性行為

1、什么是諾成性行為

諾(nuo)成(cheng)(cheng)性民事(shi)法(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)，“實踐性民事(shi)法(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)”的對稱(cheng)，又稱(cheng)“諾(nuo)成(cheng)(cheng)的法(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)”。是指只(zhi)須(xu)由當事(shi)人(ren)雙(shuang)方意思表示一致即可依法(fa)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)的雙(shuang)方法(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)。

2、什么是實踐性行為

實踐(jian)(jian)性(xing)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)，是(shi)指(zhi)除(chu)當事(shi)人意思(si)表示一致之外，還需要交付標的物(wu)才能成立的民(min)事(shi)法(fa)律行為(wei)(wei)(wei)。實踐(jian)(jian)性(xing)民(min)事(shi)法(fa)律行為(wei)(wei)(wei)因為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)交物(wu)這(zhe)個特點，又被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)要物(wu)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)。如民(min)間借(jie)貸行為(wei)(wei)(wei)就(jiu)是(shi)一種典(dian)型的實踐(jian)(jian)性(xing)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)。

要(yao)式行(xing)為(wei)和非要(yao)式行(xing)為(wei)

1、什么是要式行為

要(yao)式(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)是指公民(min)(min)設立(li)(li)、變更、終止民(min)(min)事(shi)權利和(he)民(min)(min)事(shi)義(yi)務要(yao)符合法(fa)(fa)律(lv)的規定(ding)(ding)，遵照(zhao)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)要(yao)求的形式(shi)(shi)，才能成立(li)(li)的法(fa)(fa)律(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)。其必須采取一定(ding)(ding)形式(shi)(shi)或(huo)履行(xing)(xing)(xing)一定(ding)(ding)程序(xu)。例如，票(piao)據行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)就是典型(xing)的要(yao)式(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)。再例如，房屋(wu)過戶時進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)房產登記就是要(yao)式(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)。不(bu)按照(zhao)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)規定(ding)(ding)的形式(shi)(shi)的要(yao)式(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)不(bu)具備法(fa)(fa)律(lv)效(xiao)力。

要式(shi)行為(wei)又(you)分為(wei)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)要式(shi)(書面形(xing)式(shi))和特殊要式(shi)(書面+登記(ji)或批準(zhun))。我國(guo)要式(shi)行為(wei)主要有(you)：遺囑、收養協議、結婚(hun)、一(yi)(yi)方是銀行的(de)借款合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、融資租賃合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、建設工程承包合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、技(ji)術(shu)轉讓和技(ji)術(shu)開(kai)發合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、抵押合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、質(zhi)押合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、定金合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、保證合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。沒有(you)采取一(yi)(yi)般(ban)要式(shi)的(de)，合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)不成立；沒有(you)采取特殊要式(shi)的(de)，合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)不生(sheng)效。

2、什么是非要式行為

非要(yao)式(shi)行(xing)為，是(shi)指無(wu)需特定(ding)形式(shi)或程序即能(neng)成(cheng)立的(de)法(fa)(fa)律行(xing)為。綜合起來說就(jiu)是(shi)：如法(fa)(fa)律規定(ding)某(mou)種民(min)事法(fa)(fa)律行(xing)為無(wu)須(xu)采用某(mou)種形式(shi)。公民(min)或者法(fa)(fa)人(ren)設(she)立、變更、終止(zhi)民(min)事權利(li)和民(min)事義務(wu)，無(wu)須(xu)遵照(zhao)法(fa)(fa)律要(yao)求的(de)形式(shi)，其法(fa)(fa)律行(xing)為方能(neng)成(cheng)立。

有因行為與無(wu)因行為

1、什么是有因行為

以(yi)原因(yin)為(wei)(wei)條件的(de)民事(shi)法(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)。即該民事(shi)法(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)的(de)效(xiao)力受原因(yin)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)的(de)制約，原因(yin)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)如有(you)欠缺、不合法(fa)、不可(ke)能或與(yu)該行(xing)為(wei)(wei)不一致的(de)，則該行(xing)為(wei)(wei)不成立。也就是(shi)有(you)因(yin)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)的(de)效(xiao)果。

2、什么是無因行為

不以原(yuan)(yuan)因為(wei)(wei)條件(jian)的民事法律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)。即不論原(yuan)(yuan)因是否(fou)欠缺、違法等，該行(xing)為(wei)(wei)自完成時起(qi)發生效力，不受原(yuan)(yuan)因行(xing)為(wei)(wei)的制約。

財產(chan)行(xing)為和身份行(xing)為

1、什么是財產行為

財產行為，又稱“財產上行為”。是指以意思表示為要件，旨在設立、變更或終止財產法律關系的民事法律行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)。大陸法民法理論上(shang)的概念。依其(qi)內容又可分為(wei)(wei)債權(quan)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)、物(wu)權(quan)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)和(he)準物(wu)權(quan)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)三類。

2、什么是身份行為

身(shen)份行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)，又稱“親屬(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)”。是指基于(yu)(yu)意思表(biao)示而發生身(shen)份關系變動效果的民事法(fa)律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)。如結婚行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)、離婚行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)、收養行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)等。身(shen)份行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)同于(yu)(yu)一(yi)般法(fa)律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)的特征在于(yu)(yu)：（1）其行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)內容受到(dao)法(fa)律的嚴格(ge)限制，不(bu)(bu)得違反法(fa)定親屬(shu)關系的要(yao)求；（2）其形式為(wei)(wei)要(yao)式行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)，通常以登記手續為(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)成立要(yao)件。

處分(fen)行為與(yu)負擔行為

1、什么是處分行為

處(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是直(zhi)接(jie)讓(rang)與權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)、變(bian)更權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)內(nei)容(rong)、設定(ding)(ding)(ding)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)負擔(dan)或廢止權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)之(zhi)法(fa)律(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。處(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)可分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)與準(zhun)物(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，系(xi)直(zhi)接(jie)讓(rang)與物(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)、變(bian)更物(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)內(nei)容(rong)、設定(ding)(ding)(ding)物(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)性負擔(dan)及廢止物(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)處(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，如讓(rang)與所(suo)(suo)有權(quan)(quan)(quan)、拋(pao)棄所(suo)(suo)有權(quan)(quan)(quan)、設定(ding)(ding)(ding)抵押權(quan)(quan)(quan)、設定(ding)(ding)(ding)動(dong)產質權(quan)(quan)(quan)（須注意，設定(ding)(ding)(ding)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)質權(quan)(quan)(quan)系(xi)準(zhun)物(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)）等；準(zhun)物(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)系(xi)直(zhi)接(jie)變(bian)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)以外之(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)的處(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，例如債權(quan)(quan)(quan)讓(rang)與，設定(ding)(ding)(ding)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)質權(quan)(quan)(quan)等。

2、什么是負擔行為

債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，“物權(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)”的(de)對稱(cheng)。是指通過意思表示而發生債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)法上效(xiao)(xiao)果的(de)民(min)事法律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)。其基(ji)本形式為(wei)(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)法律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，如債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)合同行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)；也包括某些單方(fang)(fang)法律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，如委托授權(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)。合法成立(li)的(de)債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)具有在特定當事人(ren)之間設立(li)，變更或終止相對關系的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)力。