1、單方法律行為
無(wu)須他人(ren)意思表示就可成立生效。單方(fang)行(xing)為又分為:有相對人(ren)的(de)單方(fang)行(xing)為:如授權、解除、免除、撤銷。無(wu)相對人(ren)的(de)單方(fang)行(xing)為:如拋棄行(xing)為、遺(yi)囑行(xing)為、捐助(zhu)財(cai)團法人(ren)的(de)行(xing)為。
2、雙方法律行為
內容相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)方(fang)向相(xiang)(xiang)反,如合同(tong),需(xu)要雙方(fang)意思表(biao)示一致。
3、多方法律行為
多方(fang)法律(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei),是指必須經雙方(fang)(或多方(fang))當事人意思表示一致才能成(cheng)立的(de)民事法律(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei),如訂(ding)立合(he)同的(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)。民事法律(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)多數為(wei)(wei)(wei)多方(fang)法律(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)。
1、什么是有償行為
有償民事法律行為(wei)是雙方當事(shi)人(ren)各(ge)因給付而取得(de)對待利(li)(li)益(yi)的(de)行為(wei),即約定各(ge)方當事(shi)人(ren)均需(xu)履行義務,并獲得(de)有對價(jia)利(li)(li)益(yi)的(de)權利(li)(li)。所謂對價(jia)或對待利(li)(li)益(yi),是按(an)市場法(fa)則判斷當事(shi)人(ren)在交易中各(ge)得(de)其所,而不是按(an)觀(guan)念判斷的(de)絕對均等。
2、什么是無償行為
無償(chang)民事(shi)(shi)法律行(xing)為是當(dang)事(shi)(shi)人約定一方當(dang)事(shi)(shi)人履行(xing)義務,對(dui)方當(dang)事(shi)(shi)人不給與對(dui)價利益的(de)行(xing)為。這種(zhong)行(xing)為的(de)特(te)點是,雙方不形成對(dui)應報(bao)償(chang)關系(xi)。贈與、使(shi)用借(jie)貸等都是無償(chang)行(xing)為。
1、什么是諾成性行為
諾成性(xing)民事(shi)法(fa)(fa)律行為,“實踐性(xing)民事(shi)法(fa)(fa)律行為”的(de)(de)對稱,又稱“諾成的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律行為”。是(shi)指(zhi)只須(xu)由當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)雙方意思表示一致即可依法(fa)(fa)成立(li)的(de)(de)雙方法(fa)(fa)律行為。
2、什么是實踐性行為
實踐(jian)性行(xing)為(wei)(wei),是指除當事人意思(si)表示一致之外,還需要交付標的(de)(de)物(wu)才能成立的(de)(de)民事法律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)。實踐(jian)性民事法律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)因為(wei)(wei)有交物(wu)這(zhe)個特點,又(you)被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)要物(wu)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)。如民間借貸行(xing)為(wei)(wei)就(jiu)是一種典型的(de)(de)實踐(jian)性行(xing)為(wei)(wei)。
1、什么是要式行為
要式(shi)行(xing)為(wei)是指公民(min)設立(li)、變更、終止民(min)事權(quan)利和民(min)事義務要符合法(fa)律(lv)的(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding),遵照法(fa)律(lv)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi),才能成立(li)的(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)行(xing)為(wei)。其必須采取一定(ding)(ding)形(xing)式(shi)或履行(xing)一定(ding)(ding)程(cheng)序。例(li)如,票(piao)據(ju)行(xing)為(wei)就是典型的(de)(de)要式(shi)行(xing)為(wei)。再例(li)如,房屋(wu)過戶時進行(xing)房產登記就是要式(shi)行(xing)為(wei)。不(bu)按照法(fa)律(lv)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)要式(shi)行(xing)為(wei)不(bu)具備法(fa)律(lv)效力。
要(yao)(yao)式(shi)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)又分(fen)為(wei)(wei)一般要(yao)(yao)式(shi)(書(shu)(shu)面(mian)形式(shi))和特(te)殊要(yao)(yao)式(shi)(書(shu)(shu)面(mian)+登記或(huo)批(pi)準)。我國要(yao)(yao)式(shi)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)主要(yao)(yao)有:遺囑、收養協議、結婚、一方是(shi)銀行(xing)的借(jie)款(kuan)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、融資租賃合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、建設工程承包合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、技(ji)術轉(zhuan)讓和技(ji)術開發合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、抵押合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、質押合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、定金合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、保證合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)。沒有采取一般要(yao)(yao)式(shi)的,合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)不成立;沒有采取特(te)殊要(yao)(yao)式(shi)的,合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)不生效。
2、什么是非要式行為
非要式(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)為(wei),是(shi)指無需(xu)特定形(xing)式(shi)(shi)或(huo)程序即能成(cheng)立(li)的法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)。綜合(he)起(qi)來說就是(shi):如法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)規(gui)定某種民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)無須(xu)采(cai)用某種形(xing)式(shi)(shi)。公民(min)(min)或(huo)者(zhe)法(fa)(fa)(fa)人設立(li)、變更、終止民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)權利(li)和民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)義(yi)務,無須(xu)遵照(zhao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)要求(qiu)的形(xing)式(shi)(shi),其法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)方能成(cheng)立(li)。
1、什么是有因行為
以原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)條(tiao)件的(de)民事(shi)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)行為(wei)。即該(gai)民事(shi)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)行為(wei)的(de)效力受原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)行為(wei)的(de)制約,原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)行為(wei)如(ru)有(you)欠(qian)缺、不合法(fa)(fa)、不可能(neng)或與(yu)該(gai)行為(wei)不一致的(de),則該(gai)行為(wei)不成立。也(ye)就是(shi)有(you)因(yin)(yin)行為(wei)的(de)效果。
2、什么是無因行為
不(bu)(bu)以原因為(wei)條件的民(min)事法律行(xing)為(wei)。即不(bu)(bu)論(lun)原因是否欠缺、違(wei)法等,該行(xing)為(wei)自完成時起發生效(xiao)力,不(bu)(bu)受(shou)原因行(xing)為(wei)的制約。
1、什么是財產行為
財產行為,又稱“財產上行為”。是指以意思表示為要件,旨在設立、變更或終止財產法律關系的民事法律行(xing)為。大陸法民法理(li)論上(shang)的概(gai)念。依其內容又(you)可分為債權(quan)行(xing)為、物(wu)權(quan)行(xing)為和準物(wu)權(quan)行(xing)為三(san)類(lei)。
2、什么是身份行為
身(shen)(shen)份行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),又稱“親屬行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”。是指基于意思表示而發生身(shen)(shen)份關系變動效果的民(min)事(shi)法(fa)律行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。如(ru)結婚行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、離婚行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、收養行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)等。身(shen)(shen)份行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不同于一般法(fa)律行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的特(te)征在于:(1)其(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)內容受(shou)到法(fa)律的嚴格限制,不得違反法(fa)定親屬關系的要求;(2)其(qi)形式為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)要式行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),通常以登記手續為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成立(li)要件。
1、什么是處分行為
處(chu)分(fen)(fen)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)讓(rang)與(yu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)、變更(geng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)內容(rong)、設(she)(she)定(ding)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)負擔或廢(fei)止(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)之法(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。處(chu)分(fen)(fen)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)與(yu)準物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),系直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)讓(rang)與(yu)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)、變更(geng)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)內容(rong)、設(she)(she)定(ding)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)性負擔及(ji)廢(fei)止(zhi)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)之處(chu)分(fen)(fen)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),如(ru)(ru)讓(rang)與(yu)所有權(quan)(quan)(quan)、拋棄所有權(quan)(quan)(quan)、設(she)(she)定(ding)抵(di)押權(quan)(quan)(quan)、設(she)(she)定(ding)動(dong)產(chan)質權(quan)(quan)(quan)(須注意,設(she)(she)定(ding)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)質權(quan)(quan)(quan)系準物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei))等;準物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)系直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)變動(dong)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)以外之權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)的處(chu)分(fen)(fen)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),例如(ru)(ru)債權(quan)(quan)(quan)讓(rang)與(yu),設(she)(she)定(ding)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)質權(quan)(quan)(quan)等。
2、什么是負擔行為
債(zhai)權(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei),“物權(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)”的對稱。是指通過意思(si)表示而(er)發生債(zhai)權(quan)法上效果的民事(shi)法律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)。其基本形式為(wei)雙方(fang)法律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei),如(ru)(ru)債(zhai)權(quan)合(he)同行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei);也(ye)包括某(mou)些單方(fang)法律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei),如(ru)(ru)委托(tuo)授權(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)。合(he)法成立(li)的債(zhai)權(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)具有在特定當事(shi)人之間(jian)設立(li),變更或(huo)終止相對關系的效力。