什么是負擔行為
負擔行為是指一(yi)個人(ren)相對于另一(yi)個人(ren)(或若干人(ren))承(cheng)擔為或不為一(yi)定(ding)行為之義務的法律行為,它的首要義務是確(que)定(ding)某項給付義務,即產(chan)生債(zhai)務關系(xi)。
負擔行為以發生債權債務為內容的法律行(xing)(xing)為,也叫債權(quan)行(xing)(xing)為,負擔行(xing)(xing)為與處(chu)分行(xing)(xing)為是(shi)法律行(xing)(xing)為的分類之一(yi)。
什么是處分行為
處分行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)是(shi)直接使某種權(quan)利發生、變更或消(xiao)滅的法律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei),其處分的客體是(shi)權(quan)利。處分行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)包括物權(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)及準物權(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei),包括契約(yue)(如所有權(quan)的移(yi)轉、抵押權(quan)的設定)及單獨行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(如所有權(quan)的拋棄(qi))。
處(chu)分(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)與準物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)兩類。物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)是直(zhi)接變動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)效果的行(xing)(xing)為(wei),如讓(rang)與物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)、拋棄物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)、認定(ding)抵押或質權(quan)(quan)(quan)等;準物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)是直(zhi)接變動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)以(yi)外支配型(xing)權(quan)(quan)(quan)認定(ding)、移轉或消滅效果的處(chu)分(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)為(wei),例(li)如認定(ding)采礦權(quan)(quan)(quan)、漁業權(quan)(quan)(quan)等。
處分行為與負擔行為的區別
1、法律效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)不同。處分(fen)行(xing)為(wei)發生使(shi)相對(dui)人取得權(quan)利的(de)法律效(xiao)果(guo)(guo),而(er)負擔行(xing)為(wei)的(de)效(xiao)力則在于(yu)使(shi)行(xing)為(wei)人承擔給付義務。
2、處分行(xing)為(wei)(wei)以行(xing)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)具有處分權為(wei)(wei)生效要(yao)件(jian),負(fu)擔行(xing)為(wei)(wei)則不(bu)需要(yao)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)具備處分權。
3、處分行為適用標的(de)物特定(ding)化原則,即處分行為的(de)標的(de)物必須是特定(ding)的(de)。負擔行為則沒有這(zhe)樣的(de)限制。
4、處分行為適用公示原則(ze),負(fu)擔行為沒有這(zhe)一要求(qiu)。