一、陰極銅是什么意思

金屬(shu)銅(tong)(tong)元(yuan)素符號Cu，原(yuan)子量(liang)63.55，比重(zhong)8.96，熔(rong)點1083.4士0.2°℃，沸點2567°℃。銅(tong)(tong)呈(cheng)(cheng)淺(qian)玫瑰色或淡紅色，表面形(xing)成氧(yang)化銅(tong)(tong)膜后，外(wai)觀呈(cheng)(cheng)紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)色，是(shi)人類最早發(fa)現的古老(lao)金屬(shu)之(zhi)—。

陰極銅（copper cathode）是指(zhi)銅(tong)精(jing)礦(kuang)由(you)電(dian)(dian)解精(jing)煉法或電(dian)(dian)解沉(chen)積法生產得到(dao)的(de)高純(chun)度的(de)銅(tong)，也稱精(jing)煉銅(tong)或精(jing)銅(tong)（refinedcopper）。國標(biao)GB/T 467-2010、歐(ou)標(biao)BS EN 1978-1998和美標(biao)ASTM B115均是陰極銅(tong)的(de)行業標(biao)準規范。

由于陰極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)具有(you)較優(you)良的導(dao)電性、導(dao)熱性、延展性、耐(nai)(nai)腐蝕性、耐(nai)(nai)磨性等特點，因此陰極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)被下游(you)加(jia)工(gong)成銅(tong)(tong)(tong)線、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)棒、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板帶、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)箔、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)管以及各類合金(jin)產品，被廣泛應用于電力、電子、交(jiao)通設備、機械制(zhi)造、建筑(zhu)工(gong)業(ye)、國防(fang)工(gong)業(ye)、醫學、有(you)機化學等行業(ye)，在我國有(you)色金(jin)屬材料的消費中僅次(ci)于鋁(lv)。

二、陰極銅和電解銅的區別

電解(jie)銅(tong)和陰極銅(tong)沒有(you)區別。

陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)通(tong)常指電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，就是指將(jiang)粗銅(tong)(tong)(tong)（含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)99%）預先制(zhi)成厚板(ban)作(zuo)為(wei)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)成薄片作(zuo)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，以(yi)硫酸(suan)和(he)硫酸(suan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)混合(he)液(ye)作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)。通(tong)電(dian)(dian)后，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)從陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溶(rong)(rong)解(jie)(jie)成銅(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)(li)子(zi)（Cu）向陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)移動，到達陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)后獲得(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)而在陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)析出純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)（亦稱電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)）。粗銅(tong)(tong)(tong)中雜(za)質如(ru)比(bi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)活潑(po)的(de)(de)鐵和(he)鋅等會隨銅(tong)(tong)(tong)一起溶(rong)(rong)解(jie)(jie)為(wei)離(li)(li)子(zi)（Zn和(he)Fe）。由于這些(xie)離(li)(li)子(zi)與銅(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)(li)子(zi)相比(bi)不易析出，所(suo)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)時只要適當調節電(dian)(dian)位差(cha)即可避免這些(xie)離(li)(li)子(zi)在陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上析出。比(bi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)不活潑(po)的(de)(de)雜(za)質如(ru)金和(he)銀等沉積在電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽的(de)(de)底部。這樣生(sheng)產出來的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)，稱為(wei)“電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)”，質量極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高，可以(yi)用來制(zhi)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)氣產品。

陰(yin)極銅(tong)的(de)品質(zhi)要求：銅(tong)精礦由電(dian)(dian)解(jie)精煉(lian)法或(huo)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)沉積法生產得到(dao)陰(yin)極銅(tong)。按(an)國標GB/T467－1997《陰(yin)極銅(tong)》的(de)規定，陰(yin)極銅(tong)按(an)化學成分(fen)分(fen)為高純陰(yin)極銅(tong)（Cu－CATH－1）和標準陰(yin)極銅(tong)（Cu－CATH－2）和兩個牌號(hao)。

陰極銅的(de)(de)試驗方(fang)(fang)法(fa)：高(gao)(gao)純陰(yin)極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)的(de)(de)仲裁分(fen)析(xi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)按GB/T13293－1991《高(gao)(gao)純陽(yang)極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)分(fen)析(xi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)》的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)進行(xing)，標(biao)準陰(yin)極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)的(de)(de)仲裁分(fen)析(xi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)按GB/T5121-1996《銅(tong)(tong)(tong)及銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金化(hua)學(xue)(xue)分(fen)析(xi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)》的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)進行(xing)。表(biao)面質(zhi)量(liang)用目(mu)視檢測(ce)。