一、陰極銅是什么意思

金(jin)屬銅(tong)元素符號Cu，原子量(liang)63.55，比(bi)重8.96，熔點(dian)1083.4士0.2°℃，沸(fei)點(dian)2567°℃。銅(tong)呈淺玫瑰色(se)或淡紅色(se)，表面形成氧化銅(tong)膜后，外觀(guan)呈紫銅(tong)色(se)，是人類最早(zao)發現的古老金(jin)屬之—。

陰極銅（copper cathode）是(shi)指銅精礦由電解精煉(lian)法或電解沉積(ji)法生產得到的(de)(de)高(gao)純度的(de)(de)銅，也(ye)稱精煉(lian)銅或精銅（refinedcopper）。國(guo)標(biao)GB/T 467-2010、歐標(biao)BS EN 1978-1998和美(mei)標(biao)ASTM B115均是(shi)陰極銅的(de)(de)行業標(biao)準(zhun)規范。

由于陰極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)具有較優良的導電(dian)性(xing)、導熱性(xing)、延(yan)展性(xing)、耐腐蝕性(xing)、耐磨(mo)性(xing)等特點，因此陰極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)被下游加工(gong)成銅(tong)(tong)(tong)線、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)棒、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板帶、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)箔(bo)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)管以及各類合金(jin)產品，被廣泛應用于電(dian)力、電(dian)子、交通(tong)設(she)備(bei)、機(ji)械(xie)制(zhi)造、建筑工(gong)業、國防工(gong)業、醫學、有機(ji)化學等行(xing)業，在(zai)我國有色金(jin)屬材料的消費中僅次于鋁。

二、陰極銅和電解銅的區別

電(dian)解(jie)銅和陰極銅沒(mei)有(you)區別。

陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)通(tong)常指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，就是指(zhi)將粗銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（含(han)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)99%）預先制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)厚板(ban)作(zuo)為陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)，純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)薄片作(zuo)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，以(yi)硫(liu)酸和硫(liu)酸銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)混合液作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液。通(tong)電(dian)(dian)后，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)從陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)溶解(jie)(jie)(jie)成(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)（Cu）向(xiang)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)移動，到達(da)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)后獲得電(dian)(dian)子(zi)而在陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)析出純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（亦稱電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）。粗銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中雜質如比(bi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)活潑(po)的(de)(de)鐵和鋅等(deng)會(hui)隨銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)起(qi)溶解(jie)(jie)(jie)為離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)（Zn和Fe）。由于(yu)這些離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)與(yu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)相(xiang)比(bi)不易析出，所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)時只要適(shi)當(dang)調節電(dian)(dian)位(wei)差即可避免這些離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)在陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)上析出。比(bi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不活潑(po)的(de)(de)雜質如金和銀等(deng)沉積在電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽的(de)(de)底部。這樣生產出來(lai)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)，稱為“電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”，質量極(ji)(ji)(ji)高，可以(yi)用(yong)來(lai)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)氣產品。

陰極(ji)銅的(de)品質要求：銅精(jing)礦由電(dian)解精(jing)煉(lian)法(fa)或電(dian)解沉積法(fa)生產得到陰極(ji)銅。按國標GB/T467－1997《陰極(ji)銅》的(de)規定，陰極(ji)銅按化學成分分為高純陰極(ji)銅（Cu－CATH－1）和標準(zhun)陰極(ji)銅（Cu－CATH－2）和兩(liang)個牌號。

陰極銅的試驗方法：高(gao)純陰極(ji)銅(tong)化(hua)學(xue)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)的仲(zhong)裁(cai)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)方法按GB/T13293－1991《高(gao)純陽極(ji)銅(tong)化(hua)學(xue)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)方法》的規(gui)定進行(xing)，標準陰極(ji)銅(tong)化(hua)學(xue)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)的仲(zhong)裁(cai)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)方法按GB/T5121-1996《銅(tong)及銅(tong)合金化(hua)學(xue)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)方法》的規(gui)定進行(xing)。表面質量用目視檢測。