一、陰極銅是什么意思

金(jin)屬(shu)銅元素符號Cu，原子量63.55，比重(zhong)8.96，熔點1083.4士(shi)0.2°℃，沸點2567°℃。銅呈(cheng)淺玫瑰色或淡紅(hong)色，表(biao)面形成氧化銅膜后，外觀呈(cheng)紫(zi)銅色，是人類最(zui)早(zao)發(fa)現的古老(lao)金(jin)屬(shu)之—。

陰極銅（copper cathode）是指銅精(jing)(jing)礦由電解精(jing)(jing)煉(lian)法或電解沉積(ji)法生產得到的高純(chun)度的銅，也稱精(jing)(jing)煉(lian)銅或精(jing)(jing)銅（refinedcopper）。國標(biao)(biao)GB/T 467-2010、歐(ou)標(biao)(biao)BS EN 1978-1998和美標(biao)(biao)ASTM B115均是陰(yin)極銅的行業標(biao)(biao)準規范。

由(you)于(yu)(yu)陰極銅具有(you)較(jiao)優良的導(dao)電性(xing)(xing)(xing)、導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、延展性(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)(nai)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)特點(dian)，因此陰極銅被(bei)下游加工成(cheng)銅線、銅棒(bang)、銅板帶、銅箔、銅管以及(ji)各類合金產品，被(bei)廣泛應用于(yu)(yu)電力、電子(zi)、交(jiao)通(tong)設備、機(ji)械制造、建筑工業、國(guo)防(fang)工業、醫學、有(you)機(ji)化學等(deng)行業，在我國(guo)有(you)色金屬材料的消費中僅(jin)次于(yu)(yu)鋁。

二、陰極銅和電解銅的區別

電解銅(tong)和陰極銅(tong)沒有區(qu)別。

陰極(ji)(ji)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)通常(chang)指電(dian)解(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，就是指將粗(cu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)99%）預(yu)先制(zhi)成厚板(ban)作(zuo)為(wei)陽極(ji)(ji)，純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)成薄片作(zuo)陰極(ji)(ji)，以(yi)硫酸和(he)硫酸銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的混合液(ye)作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)。通電(dian)后，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)從陽極(ji)(ji)溶(rong)解(jie)成銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離子(zi)（Cu）向陰極(ji)(ji)移(yi)動，到達陰極(ji)(ji)后獲得電(dian)子(zi)而在(zai)(zai)陰極(ji)(ji)析出(chu)(chu)純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（亦稱電(dian)解(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）。粗(cu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)雜質如比(bi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)活潑的鐵(tie)和(he)鋅(xin)等會隨(sui)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一起溶(rong)解(jie)為(wei)離子(zi)（Zn和(he)Fe）。由于這(zhe)些離子(zi)與銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離子(zi)相比(bi)不(bu)易析出(chu)(chu)，所以(yi)電(dian)解(jie)時只(zhi)要適當調節電(dian)位差即可(ke)避免這(zhe)些離子(zi)在(zai)(zai)陰極(ji)(ji)上析出(chu)(chu)。比(bi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)活潑的雜質如金和(he)銀等沉積在(zai)(zai)電(dian)解(jie)槽的底部。這(zhe)樣生(sheng)產出(chu)(chu)來(lai)的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)，稱為(wei)“電(dian)解(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”，質量極(ji)(ji)高，可(ke)以(yi)用來(lai)制(zhi)作(zuo)電(dian)氣產品。

陰極(ji)銅(tong)(tong)的品(pin)質(zhi)要求：銅(tong)(tong)精(jing)礦由電(dian)解(jie)精(jing)煉法或電(dian)解(jie)沉積法生產得到(dao)陰極(ji)銅(tong)(tong)。按國(guo)標(biao)GB/T467－1997《陰極(ji)銅(tong)(tong)》的規(gui)定，陰極(ji)銅(tong)(tong)按化學成分分為高純陰極(ji)銅(tong)(tong)（Cu－CATH－1）和(he)標(biao)準陰極(ji)銅(tong)(tong)（Cu－CATH－2）和(he)兩個牌號。

陰極銅的(de)試驗(yan)方法：高純陰(yin)極銅(tong)化學(xue)(xue)(xue)成分(fen)的(de)仲裁(cai)分(fen)析(xi)方法按GB/T13293－1991《高純陽(yang)極銅(tong)化學(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)析(xi)方法》的(de)規(gui)定(ding)進(jin)行(xing)，標準(zhun)陰(yin)極銅(tong)化學(xue)(xue)(xue)成分(fen)的(de)仲裁(cai)分(fen)析(xi)方法按GB/T5121-1996《銅(tong)及銅(tong)合金(jin)化學(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)析(xi)方法》的(de)規(gui)定(ding)進(jin)行(xing)。表面質量用(yong)目視檢測。