一、摘棉機原理是什么
摘棉機又稱采棉機,一般是指水平摘(zhai)錠(ding)式(shi)采棉(mian)(mian)機(ji),由采摘(zhai)頭、液壓系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、電氣系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、底盤系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、發(fa)動機(ji)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、駕駛室及操控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、輸棉(mian)(mian)裝置、棉(mian)(mian)箱、淋潤(run)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)等組成,其工(gong)作原理是:
1、采(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花時,由(you)分禾(he)器(qi)(qi)作為引(yin)導器(qi)(qi),由(you)它將(jiang)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)株扶(fu)起并導入(ru)采(cai)摘(zhai)室,隨著采(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機向前運動棉(mian)(mian)(mian)株寬(kuan)度被(bei)擠壓(ya)至約60厘米-90厘米,在(zai)(zai)采(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)指內,旋轉著的(de)水平摘(zhai)錠有規律地(di)伸出柵板,呈水平狀垂(chui)直插入(ru)被(bei)擠壓(ya)的(de)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)株,與開裂吐絮的(de)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)鈴相遇,這時摘(zhai)錠上的(de)鉤齒掛住籽棉(mian)(mian)(mian),把吐絮棉(mian)(mian)(mian)瓣從開裂的(de)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)鈴中拉出,并纏(chan)繞(rao)在(zai)(zai)水平摘(zhai)錠上。
2、同時(shi)摘(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)隨滾筒(tong)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉由采摘(zhai)室經柵(zha)板(ban)退出進(jin)入脫棉(mian)(mian)區,高(gao)速(su)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉的(de)(de)脫棉(mian)(mian)盤,與采棉(mian)(mian)摘(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)呈相反的(de)(de)方向運(yun)轉,當遇到(dao)摘(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)上(shang)的(de)(de)籽棉(mian)(mian)時(shi),把摘(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)上(shang)的(de)(de)籽棉(mian)(mian)反方向旋(xuan)(xuan)轉脫下。
3、脫下的(de)籽(zi)棉(mian)(mian)被風力(li)輸棉(mian)(mian)系統的(de)強(qiang)大(da)風力(li)氣流,從集(ji)棉(mian)(mian)室經(jing)輸棉(mian)(mian)管道被高速吹送進入裝棉(mian)(mian)箱內。
4、然(ran)后,棉(mian)株(zhu)經柵板退出(chu)采(cai)摘室,摘錠(ding)隨(sui)采(cai)摘頭旋轉至淋(lin)(lin)潤刷板下(xia)部,經過(guo)水(shui)壓系統噴水(shui)淋(lin)(lin)洗(xi),淋(lin)(lin)洗(xi)去植物汁液和泥垢,達到降溫和清洗(xi)的(de)效果,以利(li)于下(xia)次采(cai)棉(mian)和脫棉(mian),然(ran)后摘錠(ding)重(zhong)新進(jin)入采(cai)棉(mian)室采(cai)棉(mian)。
二、采棉機是如何采棉的
采棉(mian)機機械化采摘棉(mian)花,效率是很高的,而(er)且節(jie)省了人力,那么采棉(mian)機是怎么工(gong)作(zuo)的呢?
據了解,采棉機的工(gong)作(zuo)過程主要有三步(bu):摘棉(mian)花→預處(chu)理(li)→打包:
1、第(di)一步(bu)(bu)是開著采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機在棉(mian)花(hua)地里轉(zhuan)圈,采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)頭(tou)會將棉(mian)花(hua)從(cong)棉(mian)花(hua)秧(yang)上(shang)摘(zhai)下(xia)來(lai)。這是整個棉(mian)花(hua)收集流(liu)程(cheng)中最(zui)重要的一步(bu)(bu),采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)頭(tou)里有(you)一根根鐵棒,叫摘(zhai)錠,采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)時,摘(zhai)錠會高速旋轉(zhuan),讓棉(mian)花(hua)包住(zhu)自己,再撕扯下(xia)來(lai)。
2、采摘下來的棉花會進行一次預處理,將誤采的土塊、棉花梗等雜物去除(chu)。
3、預(yu)處理(li)完(wan)后(hou),采棉(mian)機(ji)會將(jiang)處理(li)器(qi)完(wan)的棉(mian)花打包,壓(ya)成一個圓(yuan)柱體,拋到身(shen)后(hou),這(zhe)個流(liu)程像下蛋一樣,所(suo)以采棉(mian)機(ji)也被成為(wei)“下蛋機(ji)”,后(hou)面(mian)會有專門(men)的機(ji)器(qi)將(jiang)這(zhe)些“蛋”收集起來,至此,棉(mian)花的采集工(gong)作就徹底完(wan)成了(le)。