一、棉花采摘機有幾種類型
棉(mian)花(hua)采摘(zhai)(zhai)機是專門用來采摘(zhai)(zhai)棉(mian)花(hua)的農業機械,現如今棉(mian)花(hua)采摘(zhai)(zhai)的機采率越(yue)來越(yue)高,采棉(mian)機的種(zhong)類(lei)也越(yue)來越(yue)多,那(nei)么采棉(mian)機有(you)幾(ji)種(zhong)類(lei)型呢?
在棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)機械化收(shou)獲(huo)的歷史上(shang),出現過多種類型的棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)采摘機械,按收(shou)獲(huo)方法的不同(tong),一般將棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)收(shou)獲(huo)機械分(fen)為摘棉(mian)(mian)鈴機、采棉(mian)(mian)機兩大類。
其中,采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)又分(fen)為兩種,一(yi)種是(shi)根(gen)據(ju)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)成熟度有選擇的(de)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)選收機(ji)(ji),另一(yi)種是(shi)將棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)連同(tong)葉、桃全(quan)部采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai),然后進行清花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),一(yi)次性完(wan)成作(zuo)業的(de)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)統(tong)收機(ji)(ji),包括刮板毛(mao)刷統(tong)收采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)、梳(shu)脫不(bu)對(dui)行統(tong)收采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji),由(you)于棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)統(tong)收機(ji)(ji)采(cai)(cai)凈率難以保證,所(suo)以總的(de)使用面積、使用量較少(shao)。
現(xian)在市場上(shang)使用(yong)(yong)的主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花選收機(ji)(ji),根據棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花采摘(zhai)原理以(yi)及(ji)采摘(zhai)頭的結構不同棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花選收機(ji)(ji)也分為兩種:一種是(shi)(shi)自走式(shi)(shi)水平摘(zhai)錠(ding)采棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji),大多(duo)世界主要(yao)產棉(mian)(mian)(mian)國都使用(yong)(yong)該種采棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji),目前(qian)國內市場上(shang)暢銷(xiao)的采棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)大多(duo)都是(shi)(shi)水平摘(zhai)錠(ding)式(shi)(shi)采棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji);另一種是(shi)(shi)自走式(shi)(shi)垂直(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)錠(ding)采棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji),主要(yao)應用(yong)(yong)在前(qian)蘇(su)聯的一些采棉(mian)(mian)(mian)區。垂直(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)錠(ding)式(shi)(shi)采棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)與水平摘(zhai)錠(ding)式(shi)(shi)采棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)比較(jiao)(jiao)的主要(yao)缺點(dian)是(shi)(shi):作業效率相對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)低,含(han)雜率相對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)高,相關試驗(yan)表(biao)明,水平摘(zhai)錠(ding)采棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)采凈率達(da)96%,含(han)雜率約為10%左右,遠較(jiao)(jiao)垂直(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)錠(ding)式(shi)(shi)采棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)要(yao)高,我國的新疆(jiang)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)區早期曾購買(mai)過(guo)該種垂直(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)錠(ding)式(shi)(shi)采棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji),但由于這些缺點(dian),已基本不再使用(yong)(yong)。
二、什么樣的采棉機比較好
市面上(shang)生產采(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)的廠家(jia)有很多,每個廠家(jia)旗下也有多個采(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)型,不(bu)管是(shi)什(shen)么(me)采(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji),一般好的棉(mian)花采(cai)摘機(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)滿足(zu)以下幾個要(yao)(yao)求:
1、采凈率高
要求(qiu)采凈率可(ke)達93%以(yi)上,含雜率不高于10%。
2、作業效率高
采棉機的作(zuo)業(ye)效率主要與采收(shou)(shou)速度和(he)作(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)間有關,作(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)間固(gu)定情況下,采收(shou)(shou)速度越(yue)快,效率越(yue)高,好的采棉機一次(ci)可(ke)進行6行棉花的同時(shi)采收(shou)(shou),采收(shou)(shou)量更大(da),效率更高。
3、智能化高
隨(sui)機配備(bei)(bei)(bei)采收畝數(shu)(shu)計(ji)量(liang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong),實(shi)現(xian)采收畝數(shu)(shu)實(shi)時計(ji)量(liang),無須額外(wai)配備(bei)(bei)(bei)GPS,采棉頭采用(yong)電子仿形(xing)控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong),配備(bei)(bei)(bei)智能(neng)控制(zhi)采摘速(su)度匹配系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。獨有云服務程序,可利用(yong)手機隨(sui)時隨(sui)地(di)監管(guan)查看(kan)采棉機工作(zuo)狀態(tai)、作(zuo)業地(di)點(dian)等相(xiang)關信息。
4、安全
要求隨(sui)車配備一鍵卸棉消(xiao)防(fang)噴(pen)淋系統,自帶大容量(liang)消(xiao)防(fang)水箱,加持大功率水泵,反應迅速,保證消(xiao)防(fang)安(an)全。