一、棉花采摘機有幾種類型
棉花(hua)采(cai)摘機是專門用來(lai)采(cai)摘棉花(hua)的農業(ye)機械,現如(ru)今棉花(hua)采(cai)摘的機采(cai)率越來(lai)越高(gao),采(cai)棉機的種類(lei)也越來(lai)越多,那么采(cai)棉機有(you)幾種類(lei)型呢?
在棉(mian)(mian)花機(ji)械(xie)化(hua)收(shou)獲的歷史上,出現過多種類型的棉(mian)(mian)花采摘機(ji)械(xie),按收(shou)獲方法(fa)的不同(tong),一般將棉(mian)(mian)花收(shou)獲機(ji)械(xie)分(fen)為摘棉(mian)(mian)鈴機(ji)、采棉(mian)(mian)機(ji)兩大類。
其中,采(cai)棉機(ji)又(you)分為兩種(zhong),一種(zhong)是根據(ju)棉花(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)熟度有選擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)摘(zhai)棉花(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)棉花(hua)(hua)選收(shou)機(ji),另(ling)一種(zhong)是將棉花(hua)(hua)連同葉、桃全部采(cai)摘(zhai),然(ran)后進行(xing)清花(hua)(hua),一次(ci)性完成(cheng)作業的(de)(de)(de)棉花(hua)(hua)統收(shou)機(ji),包(bao)括(kuo)刮板毛刷統收(shou)采(cai)棉機(ji)、梳脫不對(dui)行(xing)統收(shou)采(cai)棉機(ji),由于棉花(hua)(hua)統收(shou)機(ji)采(cai)凈(jing)率難以(yi)保證(zheng),所以(yi)總的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)面積(ji)、使用(yong)量較少。
現在(zai)市場上(shang)使用(yong)的主要是(shi)棉花選收機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),根(gen)據(ju)棉花采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)原理以及采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)頭(tou)的結構(gou)不(bu)同棉花選收機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也分為兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong):一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)自走(zou)式(shi)(shi)水平(ping)(ping)摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),大多世界主要產棉國(guo)都使用(yong)該種(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),目前(qian)國(guo)內市場上(shang)暢銷(xiao)的采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大多都是(shi)水平(ping)(ping)摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)自走(zou)式(shi)(shi)垂(chui)直(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),主要應(ying)用(yong)在(zai)前(qian)蘇(su)聯的一(yi)些采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉區。垂(chui)直(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與水平(ping)(ping)摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比較(jiao)的主要缺點(dian)是(shi):作業效(xiao)率(lv)相對較(jiao)低,含雜(za)率(lv)相對較(jiao)高,相關試驗表明,水平(ping)(ping)摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)凈率(lv)達96%,含雜(za)率(lv)約為10%左右,遠較(jiao)垂(chui)直(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)要高,我國(guo)的新疆棉區早期曾購買過該種(zhong)(zhong)垂(chui)直(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),但由于這些缺點(dian),已基本不(bu)再使用(yong)。
二、什么樣的采棉機比較好
市面上(shang)生產采(cai)棉機(ji)的廠(chang)家有(you)很多,每個廠(chang)家旗下(xia)也有(you)多個采(cai)棉機(ji)機(ji)型,不(bu)管是什么采(cai)棉機(ji),一般好的棉花采(cai)摘機(ji)要(yao)滿足(zu)以(yi)下(xia)幾個要(yao)求:
1、采凈率高
要求(qiu)采凈率(lv)可達93%以(yi)上(shang),含雜(za)率(lv)不高于10%。
2、作業效率高
采棉機的(de)作業(ye)效(xiao)率(lv)主要與采收(shou)速度和作業(ye)時(shi)間(jian)有關,作業(ye)時(shi)間(jian)固(gu)定(ding)情況下,采收(shou)速度越快,效(xiao)率(lv)越高(gao),好的(de)采棉機一次可進行(xing)6行(xing)棉花的(de)同時(shi)采收(shou),采收(shou)量(liang)更(geng)大(da),效(xiao)率(lv)更(geng)高(gao)。
3、智能化高
隨(sui)(sui)機(ji)配(pei)備(bei)采(cai)收畝(mu)數計量(liang)系統,實現采(cai)收畝(mu)數實時(shi)計量(liang),無須額外(wai)配(pei)備(bei)GPS,采(cai)棉頭采(cai)用電子仿(fang)形(xing)控制(zhi)系統,配(pei)備(bei)智能控制(zhi)采(cai)摘速度匹配(pei)系統。獨有云服務程(cheng)序(xu),可利用手機(ji)隨(sui)(sui)時(shi)隨(sui)(sui)地(di)監管查看采(cai)棉機(ji)工(gong)作狀態(tai)、作業地(di)點(dian)等相關信息。
4、安全
要求隨(sui)車配備一鍵卸(xie)棉消防(fang)噴淋系統,自帶(dai)大容量消防(fang)水箱,加持大功(gong)率水泵,反應(ying)迅速,保證消防(fang)安全。