一、棉花采摘機有幾種類型

棉(mian)花采(cai)摘(zhai)機(ji)(ji)是專門(men)用來(lai)采(cai)摘(zhai)棉(mian)花的農業機(ji)(ji)械，現如今棉(mian)花采(cai)摘(zhai)的機(ji)(ji)采(cai)率(lv)越來(lai)越高，采(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)的種類(lei)也越來(lai)越多，那么(me)采(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)有幾種類(lei)型(xing)呢？

在棉花(hua)(hua)機械(xie)化收獲(huo)的(de)歷史上，出(chu)現過多(duo)種類型(xing)的(de)棉花(hua)(hua)采摘機械(xie)，按收獲(huo)方法的(de)不同，一般將棉花(hua)(hua)收獲(huo)機械(xie)分為摘棉鈴機、采棉機兩大類。

其中(zhong)，采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機又分(fen)為(wei)兩種(zhong)，一種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)根據棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)的(de)成熟度有選(xuan)擇的(de)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)的(de)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)選(xuan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)機，另一種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)將棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)連(lian)同葉、桃全部采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)，然后進行(xing)清花(hua)(hua)，一次性完成作業的(de)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)統(tong)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)機，包(bao)括刮板毛刷統(tong)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機、梳脫不對(dui)行(xing)統(tong)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機，由(you)于棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)統(tong)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)機采(cai)(cai)凈(jing)率難以保證，所以總的(de)使(shi)用面積、使(shi)用量較(jiao)少。

現在市場上使用(yong)(yong)的主(zhu)要(yao)是棉(mian)(mian)花選收機，根據(ju)棉(mian)(mian)花采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)原理以(yi)及采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)頭的結構不同棉(mian)(mian)花選收機也分為兩種(zhong)(zhong)：一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是自走(zou)式(shi)(shi)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)機，大多世界主(zhu)要(yao)產棉(mian)(mian)國都(dou)使用(yong)(yong)該(gai)種(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)機，目前國內市場上暢(chang)銷的采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)機大多都(dou)是水(shui)平(ping)(ping)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)機；另一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是自走(zou)式(shi)(shi)垂(chui)直(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)機，主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)(yong)在前蘇聯的一(yi)些(xie)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)區。垂(chui)直(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)機與水(shui)平(ping)(ping)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)機比較的主(zhu)要(yao)缺點(dian)是：作(zuo)業效(xiao)率相對較低，含雜率相對較高(gao)，相關試驗表明，水(shui)平(ping)(ping)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)機采(cai)(cai)凈率達96%，含雜率約為10%左(zuo)右，遠較垂(chui)直(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)機要(yao)高(gao)，我國的新疆棉(mian)(mian)區早期(qi)曾購買過該(gai)種(zhong)(zhong)垂(chui)直(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)機，但由于這些(xie)缺點(dian)，已基(ji)本不再使用(yong)(yong)。

二、什么樣的采棉機比較好

市面(mian)上生產采棉(mian)機(ji)的廠(chang)家有很多，每個(ge)廠(chang)家旗下(xia)也有多個(ge)采棉(mian)機(ji)機(ji)型(xing)，不(bu)管是什么采棉(mian)機(ji)，一(yi)般好的棉(mian)花采摘機(ji)要滿(man)足以下(xia)幾個(ge)要求：

1、采凈率高

要求(qiu)采凈(jing)率(lv)可達93%以(yi)上，含雜率(lv)不高于(yu)10%。

2、作業效率高

采棉機的作業(ye)效(xiao)率主要與(yu)采收(shou)速(su)度和作業(ye)時(shi)間(jian)有關，作業(ye)時(shi)間(jian)固定情況下，采收(shou)速(su)度越快，效(xiao)率越高，好的采棉(mian)機一(yi)次可進行6行棉(mian)花的同(tong)時(shi)采收(shou)，采收(shou)量更大，效(xiao)率更高。

3、智能化高

隨機配(pei)(pei)備采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)畝(mu)數(shu)計量系統(tong)，實現采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)畝(mu)數(shu)實時計量，無須額外配(pei)(pei)備GPS，采(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)頭(tou)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用電(dian)子仿(fang)形控制系統(tong)，配(pei)(pei)備智(zhi)能(neng)控制采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘速度(du)匹配(pei)(pei)系統(tong)。獨有云服務程序，可(ke)利用手機隨時隨地(di)(di)監管查(cha)看采(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機工作狀(zhuang)態(tai)、作業地(di)(di)點等相(xiang)關(guan)信息。

4、安全

要求(qiu)隨車配備(bei)一鍵卸棉消(xiao)防噴淋系(xi)統，自帶大容量消(xiao)防水箱(xiang)，加持大功(gong)率(lv)水泵，反應(ying)迅速，保證消(xiao)防安全。