一、棉花采摘機有幾種類型

棉花(hua)采(cai)摘機是專門(men)用(yong)來采(cai)摘棉花(hua)的(de)農業機械，現如今棉花(hua)采(cai)摘的(de)機采(cai)率越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)高，采(cai)棉機的(de)種類也越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)多，那么(me)采(cai)棉機有(you)幾種類型呢？

在棉(mian)花(hua)機(ji)械化收(shou)獲(huo)的歷(li)史上(shang)，出(chu)現過多種類(lei)型的棉(mian)花(hua)采摘(zhai)機(ji)械，按收(shou)獲(huo)方法的不同，一般將棉(mian)花(hua)收(shou)獲(huo)機(ji)械分為摘(zhai)棉(mian)鈴機(ji)、采棉(mian)機(ji)兩大類(lei)。

其(qi)中，采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)又分(fen)為(wei)兩種，一(yi)種是根據棉(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)成(cheng)熟(shu)度有(you)選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)棉(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)棉(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)選(xuan)收機(ji)(ji)，另一(yi)種是將棉(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)連同(tong)葉、桃全(quan)部(bu)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)，然后進(jin)行(xing)清花(hua)(hua)(hua)，一(yi)次性完成(cheng)作業的(de)(de)棉(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)統收機(ji)(ji)，包(bao)括刮板毛刷統收采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)、梳(shu)脫不對行(xing)統收采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)，由于棉(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)統收機(ji)(ji)采(cai)(cai)凈(jing)率難(nan)以保證，所以總(zong)的(de)(de)使(shi)用面積、使(shi)用量較少。

現在(zai)市(shi)場上使用(yong)的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)選(xuan)收機(ji)(ji)，根(gen)據棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)原理以及采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)頭(tou)的結構不同棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)選(xuan)收機(ji)(ji)也(ye)分為兩種(zhong)(zhong)：一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)自走(zou)式(shi)(shi)水平摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)，大多(duo)世界主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)產棉(mian)(mian)(mian)國都使用(yong)該種(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)，目前國內市(shi)場上暢銷的采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)大多(duo)都是(shi)水平摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)；另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)自走(zou)式(shi)(shi)垂(chui)直(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)在(zai)前蘇聯的一(yi)些(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)區。垂(chui)直(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)與水平摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)比較的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)缺(que)點是(shi)：作業效率(lv)相(xiang)對(dui)較低，含(han)雜率(lv)相(xiang)對(dui)較高，相(xiang)關試(shi)驗表(biao)明，水平摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)凈率(lv)達96%，含(han)雜率(lv)約為10%左右，遠(yuan)較垂(chui)直(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)高，我(wo)國的新疆棉(mian)(mian)(mian)區早(zao)期(qi)曾(ceng)購買(mai)過該種(zhong)(zhong)垂(chui)直(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)，但由于(yu)這(zhe)些(xie)缺(que)點，已基(ji)本(ben)不再使用(yong)。

二、什么樣的采棉機比較好

市面上(shang)生產采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)的廠(chang)家有(you)很多(duo)，每(mei)個(ge)廠(chang)家旗下(xia)(xia)也有(you)多(duo)個(ge)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)機(ji)型，不管(guan)是什么采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)，一般(ban)好的棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)機(ji)要(yao)(yao)滿足以下(xia)(xia)幾(ji)個(ge)要(yao)(yao)求：

1、采凈率高

要求(qiu)采凈(jing)率可達93%以上，含雜率不(bu)高于10%。

2、作業效率高

采棉機的(de)作(zuo)業效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)主要與采(cai)收速度(du)(du)和作(zuo)業時間有關(guan)，作(zuo)業時間固定情(qing)況下，采(cai)收速度(du)(du)越快，效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)越高，好的(de)采(cai)棉(mian)機一(yi)次可進行(xing)6行(xing)棉(mian)花的(de)同時采(cai)收，采(cai)收量更(geng)大(da)，效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)更(geng)高。

3、智能化高

隨(sui)機配(pei)(pei)(pei)備采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)畝數(shu)計(ji)量(liang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，實(shi)現采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)畝數(shu)實(shi)時(shi)計(ji)量(liang)，無(wu)須額外配(pei)(pei)(pei)備GPS，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉頭采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)電子仿(fang)形控制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，配(pei)(pei)(pei)備智(zhi)能控制采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)速度匹配(pei)(pei)(pei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。獨有云(yun)服務程序，可利(li)用(yong)手(shou)機隨(sui)時(shi)隨(sui)地(di)監(jian)管查看采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉機工作(zuo)狀態、作(zuo)業(ye)地(di)點等相關信息。

4、安全

要求隨(sui)車配備一鍵(jian)卸棉(mian)消防(fang)噴(pen)淋系統(tong)，自帶(dai)大容量消防(fang)水箱，加(jia)持大功率水泵(beng)，反(fan)應迅速，保證(zheng)消防(fang)安全。