一、醫用冷藏箱和家里的冰箱有什么區別

醫用冷藏箱又叫醫用低溫冰箱，雖然也是冰箱，但和普通家庭用的冰箱是有很大區別的，醫用冷藏箱和(he)家用冰箱的區別(bie)主要有：

1、用途不同

醫用冷藏箱主要用來(lai)低溫(wen)儲存(cun)離體(ti)器官、組織、細胞、血液(ye)和血液(ye)制品(pin)、疫苗等；家(jia)用冰箱主要用來(lai)存(cun)儲食品(pin)。

2、溫度控制傳感器不同

冰(bing)箱(xiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)控制(zhi)是通過溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)控制(zhi)壓(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)的(de)開(kai)停機(ji)實現的(de)。家用(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)一般只(zhi)有(you)1個溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)，壓(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)啟動(dong)和停機(ji)時冰(bing)箱(xiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)相差較(jiao)大(da)。家用(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)只(zhi)需保證食品(pin)新鮮不變質，因此(ci)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)波動(dong)較(jiao)大(da)。醫(yi)用(yong)冷藏(zang)一般有(you)兩個以上溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)，醫(yi)用(yong)血液冷藏(zang)箱(xiang)有(you)5個溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)，多(duo)個數字集成傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)共同參與顯(xian)示(shi)和控制(zhi)醫(yi)用(yong)冷藏(zang)箱(xiang)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)，加(jia)(jia)之電加(jia)(jia)熱(re)補償(chang)系統，即使是頻(pin)繁開(kai)門(men)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控系統也(ye)能迅速作出調整。

3、壓縮機類型不同

家(jia)用冰(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)為(wei)了(le)省電(dian)，用的(de)是(shi)低倍壓(ya)壓(ya)縮機，其(qi)制冷(leng)瞬間(jian)蒸發(fa)(fa)，溫度降得很多，容易造成冰(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)內物品結(jie)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)過冷(leng)等。醫用冷(leng)藏箱(xiang)為(wei)了(le)保證冰(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)空(kong)間(jian)內溫度平穩(wen)(wen)下降，用的(de)是(shi)中倍壓(ya)壓(ya)縮機其(qi)低溫級系統中還配(pei)有氣熱(re)交(jiao)換器(qi)，可使(shi)從蒸發(fa)(fa)器(qi)出來(lai)的(de)低壓(ya)氣體同進入冷(leng)凝(ning)蒸發(fa)(fa)器(qi)前的(de)高壓(ya)氣體進行(xing)熱(re)交(jiao)換，這樣可減少冷(leng)凝(ning)蒸發(fa)(fa)器(qi)的(de)熱(re)負荷，而且充分利用了(le)熱(re)量，更(geng)保證了(le)工作的(de)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性。

4、制冷方式不同

為了節(jie)能和節(jie)約成本多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)直(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)輔助(zhu)風(feng)(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，家用(yong)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)會(hui)采(cai)用(yong)風(feng)(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)方式，直(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)蒸(zheng)發器緊貼冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)壁(bi)，使得冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)壁(bi)的(de)溫度(du)(du)非常低(di)(di)（遠低(di)(di)于(yu)使用(yong)溫度(du)(du)），向內(nei)(nei)靠自然對流(liu)傳熱，箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)溫度(du)(du)相差較大。醫用(yong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)藏箱(xiang)(xiang)為了使冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)各部分溫度(du)(du)一致，則綜(zong)合布局蒸(zheng)發器或(huo)(huo)選配合適的(de)風(feng)(feng)機循環(huan)溫度(du)(du)。此(ci)類冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)全部采(cai)用(yong)風(feng)(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)式，風(feng)(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)對冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)溫度(du)(du)均勻性(xing)、波動(dong)性(xing)有嚴格要(yao)求。風(feng)(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)有專用(yong)風(feng)(feng)道(dao)隔離冷(leng)(leng)(leng)源，可(ke)保證溫度(du)(du)均勻恒(heng)定(ding)，同時確(que)保藥品及(ji)疫苗等生(sheng)物制品不被凍(dong)損。超低(di)(di)溫冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)系統則基本采(cai)用(yong)復疊或(huo)(huo)制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)的(de)工作原理。

5、價格不同

因(yin)為(wei)醫(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)冷藏(zang)箱和家用(yong)(yong)(yong)冰(bing)(bing)箱的設計標準不(bu)一樣(yang)，它們的價(jia)格相差甚遠，一般情況下，醫(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)冷藏(zang)箱的價(jia)格是普(pu)通冰(bing)(bing)箱的4倍到15倍，根據醫(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)冷藏(zang)箱的用(yong)(yong)(yong)途，價(jia)格也有(you)極大的差異。

6、報警功能不同

普通(tong)家(jia)(jia)用冰箱(xiang)無(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，部(bu)分(fen)高(gao)端家(jia)(jia)用冰箱(xiang)有超溫報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。醫用冷(leng)(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)比較完善和全(quan)面，一般(ban)醫用冷(leng)(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)具(ju)備(bei)：高(gao)低(di)溫報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、溫控(kong)器故障報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、斷電(dian)(dian)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、開關門(men)異常報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、環溫高(gao)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等(deng)基礎報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。醫用低(di)溫保存箱(xiang)具(ju)備(bei)以(yi)上報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)之外，還(huan)具(ju)有：冷(leng)(leng)凝器臟堵(du)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、傳感器故障報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)量(liang)低(di)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，電(dian)(dian)壓異常報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等(deng)拓展報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。同時具(ju)有兩種報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)方式，通(tong)過聲音(yin)蜂鳴和燈光閃爍，提醒使用者加以(yi)觀察并關注。

7、保溫層厚度不同

家用冰箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)保(bao)溫層厚(hou)(hou)度一般(ban)為20~45mm的(de)聚氨酯發泡(pao)。醫用藥品(pin)箱(xiang)(xiang)保(bao)溫層厚(hou)(hou)度為40~50mm的(de)高密度聚氨酯發泡(pao)，-86℃醫用低(di)溫保(bao)存箱(xiang)(xiang)保(bao)溫層壁厚(hou)(hou)可達120~160mm。一般(ban)保(bao)溫層越(yue)厚(hou)(hou)，保(bao)溫絕熱性能越(yue)好(hao)。

8、執行國家標準不同

家(jia)(jia)用(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)執(zhi)行國標：GB4706.1-2005《家(jia)(jia)用(yong)和類似用(yong)途電來器(qi)的安全通用(yong)要求》；GB/T8059-2016《家(jia)(jia)用(yong)和類似用(yong)途制冷器(qi)具(ju)》。藥品冷藏(zang)箱(xiang)行業標準(zhun)是YY/T0086-2007；血液(ye)冷藏(zang)箱(xiang)的國家(jia)(jia)標準(zhun)是GB/T21278-2007；低溫保存箱(xiang)的國家(jia)(jia)冰(bing)箱(xiang)是 GB/T20154-2014。

二、家用冰箱能當醫用冷藏箱用嗎

不能。

醫(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)冷(leng)藏箱(xiang)直接(jie)關(guan)系到臨床(chuang)檢(jian)驗(yan)及臨床(chuang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)血(xue)的安(an)全性和有(you)效(xiao)性，如(ru)果使用(yong)(yong)(yong)普(pu)通的家用(yong)(yong)(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)儲(chu)存，那些醫(yi)療樣本、試劑、血(xue)液會(hui)存在(zai)很大隱患，比(bi)如(ru)家用(yong)(yong)(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)箱(xiang)內(nei)(nei)溫(wen)度(du)相差(cha)較大，當藥(yao)品(pin)或疫(yi)苗因堆放過多靠近(jin)內(nei)(nei)壁時，就會(hui)發生冷(leng)壞情況，而醫(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)冷(leng)藏箱(xiang)內(nei)(nei)有(you)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)風道隔離冷(leng)源，可保證溫(wen)度(du)均勻恒定，同時確保藥(yao)品(pin)及疫(yi)苗等(deng)生物制品(pin)不被凍損。

因此，不能使(shi)用(yong)家用(yong)冰箱代替醫用(yong)冷藏箱。