舞龍的種類有多少種
1、舞龍頭
舞龍(long)(long)(long)頭是福建舍族祭祖(zu)活動(dong)中的一種儀(yi)式,由(you)日(ri)、月、星等組成儀(yi)仗隊。龍(long)(long)(long)頭用木雕成,涂上色(se)彩,顯得(de)古樸(pu)、莊嚴。祭祖(zu)時,執龍(long)(long)(long)頭者隨著鼓點作(zuo)(zuo)出各種動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo),或(huo)(huo)進或(huo)(huo)退,或(huo)(huo)舞或(huo)(huo)止,或(huo)(huo)跳(tiao)或(huo)(huo)蹲(dun),有一定章(zhang)法。
2、舞麻龍
舞麻龍流傳在四川濟州龍溪一帶羌族人民之中,是祭祖中的一項體育活動。近年(nian)來羌族人民(min)對舞麻(ma)龍這(zhe)項活動(dong)加以改進,剔去糟粕,取其精華,保留了(le)耍花(hua)棒(bang)、龍鳳相會、神(shen)棍戲麻(ma)龍、跳(tiao)神(shen)棍、麻(ma)龍追彩霞等套路動(dong)作(zuo)。
3、舞草龍
舞草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)是他佬族游藝習俗。草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)用禾(he)稈(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成。編(bian)(bian)(bian)織者(zhe)先編(bian)(bian)(bian)一條長(chang)(chang)長(chang)(chang)的草(cao)(cao)(cao)簾,編(bian)(bian)(bian)到最后(hou)分三(san)個(ge)叉略往上翹起,象征“龍(long)(long)尾”;把(ba)草(cao)(cao)(cao)簾的另一頭反折一層做兩個(ge)彎角翹起,形(xing)似“龍(long)(long)頭”;中(zhong)間每(mei)隔(ge)約2m扎(zha)一小(xiao)捆橢圓形(xing)禾(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao),串上一根竹子做“龍(long)(long)身”。
4、蘇莊舞草龍
浙(zhe)江省衢州市(shi)開化縣蘇莊鎮(zhen)的舞(wu)草龍(long)(long)(long)又(you)稱草龍(long)(long)(long)、稻(dao)(dao)草龍(long)(long)(long)或(huo)香(xiang)龍(long)(long)(long)。草龍(long)(long)(long)捆(kun)扎(zha)以(yi)稻(dao)(dao)草搓成(cheng)粗(cu)大繩索(suo),再扎(zha)成(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)首龍(long)(long)(long)尾,形同長龍(long)(long)(long),繩索(suo)上插上點燃的香(xiang)枝。相傳(chuan)唐代便有迎(ying)草龍(long)(long)(long)送龍(long)(long)(long)神活動,一(yi)直延(yan)傳(chuan)至今(jin)。每年(nian)中(zhong)秋之夜(ye),蘇莊鎮(zhen)各(ge)村農民(min)高(gao)擎香(xiang)火(huo)草龍(long)(long)(long),或(huo)穿梭于村中(zhong)大道(dao),或(huo)起舞(wu)于曬(shai)場田野。
5、潑水龍
潑(po)水(shui)龍(long)是湖南(nan)湘西土家(jia)族祭(ji)神求雨(yu)的儀式(shi),一旦出現旱災,當地頭(tou)面人物就會(hui)出來組織潑(po)水(shui)龍(long),演(yan)出極(ji)其隆重。表演(yan)時有(you)龍(long)頭(tou)1個,龍(long)身(shen)(shen)9或11節,都不糊紙,不披(pi)布,只通插柳條,取“愿(yuan)得柳枝(zhi)甘露水(shui)”之意(yi),并有(you)魚、蝦、蚌、蛤等執(zhi)事陪襯。表演(yan)時赤膊者(zhe)(zhe)沿街舞(wu)龍(long),圍(wei)觀(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)水(shui)潑(po)之,舞(wu)龍(long)人被(bei)淋得全(quan)身(shen)(shen)濕透,以(yi)此祈求天降大雨(yu),水(shui)越多則預(yu)示雨(yu)越大,故周(zhou)圍(wei)村(cun)寨(zhai)人人參加。舞(wu)龍(long)和執(zhi)事者(zhe)(zhe)無特殊要(yao)求,但(dan)龍(long)前執(zhi)龍(long)珠(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)須有(you)武功,按(an)“四門(men)架子(zi)”、“八虎(hu)拳”、“蘇公背箭(jian)”、“猛(meng)虎(hu)跳澗”等套路(lu)表演(yan),相(xiang)沿成習。
6、香火龍
香(xiang)火(huo)龍流傳已久,在湖南汝城縣(xian)志早有記載,其南鄉一(yi)帶較(jiao)為盛行(xing)(xing),多在元宵佳(jia)節舉行(xing)(xing)。表演(yan)香(xiang)火(huo)龍時,必有兩龍(母龍和子(zi)龍)、兩獅(shi)(shi)(母獅(shi)(shi)和子(zi)獅(shi)(shi))陪隨而(er)舞(wu),一(yi)獅(shi)(shi)在龍前(qian)引路,一(yi)獅(shi)(shi)在龍尾跟(gen)隨。
香火龍(long)的(de)(de)表演(yan)程序上有:翻滾、噴水、沉(chen)海底、跳躍、吞食(shi)、睡眠等(deng)動作。“沉(chen)海底”和“吞食(shi)”表演(yan)技巧上難度較(jiao)高。引路和尾(wei)隨的(de)(de)兩頭獅子,除(chu)各自作翻滾跳躍的(de)(de)動作外,還作些引龍(long)和隨龍(long)“護駕(jia)”動作。
7、百葉龍
浙江省流行的(de)(de)“百葉龍(long)”,是一(yi)種(zhong)構思、制作(zuo)均極(ji)奇巧的(de)(de)龍(long)。舞(wu)者手執荷(he)(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)燈(deng)、荷(he)(he)(he)葉燈(deng)、蝴蝶(die)(die)燈(deng),翩(pian)翩(pian)起(qi)舞(wu)。人們只(zhi)見朵(duo)(duo)朵(duo)(duo)盛開(kai)的(de)(de)荷(he)(he)(he)花(hua)(hua),在(zai)(zai)(zai)片(pian)片(pian)荷(he)(he)(he)葉中(zhong)飄(piao)移(yi)、舞(wu)動(dong),似(si)一(yi)只(zhi)美麗(li)的(de)(de)蝴蝶(die)(die)在(zai)(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)叢中(zhong)飛翔。一(yi)段優(you)美抒(shu)情的(de)(de)舞(wu)蹈后,舞(wu)者齊聚場(chang)中(zhong),突然間,一(yi)條巨龍(long)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人們的(de)(de)眼前騰躍而(er)(er)(er)出。原(yuan)來(lai)那一(yi)朵(duo)(duo)特大的(de)(de)茶花(hua)(hua)燈(deng)(或聚寶(bao)盆),背面繪制的(de)(de)是一(yi)個(ge)輝(hui)煌(huang)壯(zhuang)麗(li)的(de)(de)龍(long)頭,朵(duo)(duo)朵(duo)(duo)荷(he)(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)緊緊相扣連,組成(cheng)龍(long)身(shen),片(pian)片(pian)花(hua)(hua)瓣,變成(cheng)龍(long)身(shen)上的(de)(de)片(pian)片(pian)鱗(lin)甲(jia),美麗(li)的(de)(de)蝴蝶(die)(die)成(cheng)了(le)抖擺的(de)(de)龍(long)尾,而(er)(er)(er)荷(he)(he)(he)葉則成(cheng)了(le)朵(duo)(duo)朵(duo)(duo)白云。舞(wu)龍(long)的(de)(de)姑娘們喜歡(huan)一(yi)塵不染的(de)(de)荷(he)(he)(he)花(hua)(hua),就(jiu)把天性神秘(mi)、時而(er)(er)(er)神形畢露。時而(er)(er)(er)隱身(shen)藏形、時而(er)(er)(er)又依附(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)各種(zhong)物體上招搖過市(shi)的(de)(de)龍(long)與荷(he)(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)聯綴一(yi)體,舞(wu)起(qi)了(le)荷(he)(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)龍(long),讓(rang)氣(qi)(qi)吞萬里的(de)(de)神龍(long)平添一(yi)股嫵媚之氣(qi)(qi)。
8、燒火龍
燒火龍(long)又叫舞火龍(long),是(shi)流傳于廣(guang)東(dong)豐順一帶的(de)獨(du)特的(de)民間傳統(tong)項目(mu),一般在春節和元宵夜舉(ju)行。
燒火龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)“火龍(long)(long)”,是用紙扎成的(de)(de),長15~20米,分為五(wu)節,四(si)周扎滿五(wu)顏(yan)六色的(de)(de)鞭(bian)炮。起舞(wu)前,先(xian)燃(ran)響鞭(bian)炮,以(yi)引龍(long)(long)出(chu)海。然后(hou)一(yi)隊赤膊袒胸、舉著(zhu)(zhu)火棍的(de)(de)舞(wu)火龍(long)(long)者(zhe)(zhe),隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)快速的(de)(de)鑼鼓聲在(zai)場(chang)上快跑,反(fan)復三次,名叫“請龍(long)(long)”。接著(zhu)(zhu),“火龍(long)(long)”出(chu)場(chang)了(le),它在(zai)場(chang)上繞著(zhu)(zhu)大(da)圈子(zi),先(xian)從龍(long)(long)嘴中(zhong)噴出(chu)火來(lai),然后(hou),龍(long)(long)身上扎著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)鞭(bian)炮被(bei)點(dian)燃(ran)了(le),從頭至尾,火光四(si)射,霹靂連聲。巨大(da)的(de)(de)龍(long)(long)身就在(zai)煙火和(he)爆響的(de)(de)包圍之(zhi)中(zhong),上下翻(fan)飛,左右騰(teng)舞(wu),煞是好看。此時,預先(xian)準備在(zai)場(chang)上的(de)(de)煙花架,朝(chao)天射出(chu)串(chuan)串(chuan)煙花,五(wu)彩繽紛,摧級奪目,從而把舞(wu)火龍(long)(long)推向高潮。整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)活動持續十多分鐘,待煙火熄滅,火龍(long)(long)也被(bei)燒掉了(le)。而舞(wu)火龍(long)(long)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)胳膊上、胸脯上灼(zhuo)起一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)(ge)血泡,以(yi)血泡最多者(zhe)(zhe)為“吉利(li)”。
舞龍的風格有哪些
1、南龍
南龍(long)龍(long)身厚重(zhong),風(feng)格(ge)主攻氣勢二(er)字,雖(sui)不夠(gou)靈活,但(dan)氣勢浩大,以楊店(dian)高(gao)龍(long)、黃陂(po)舞(wu)龍(long)為代表。
2、北龍
北龍較(jiao)為(wei)細小和輕巧,更適(shi)于做各種花款動作,如今(jin)在(zai)東南亞等(deng)地流行的,也是北龍。
舞龍是哪里的非遺
舞(wu)龍(long)是甘(gan)肅(su)省酒(jiu)(jiu)泉市肅(su)州(zhou)區傳統舞(wu)蹈,甘(gan)肅(su)省市(州(zhou))級非(fei)物質文(wen)化遺產之一(yi)。保護單位(wei)為(wei)酒(jiu)(jiu)泉市肅(su)州(zhou)區文(wen)化館。
龍(long)(long)(long)舞(wu),也稱“舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)”,民(min)間又叫“耍(shua)龍(long)(long)(long)”“耍(shua)龍(long)(long)(long)燈”或“舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)燈”,在(zai)(zai)全國多地(di)(di)分布,形(xing)式(shi)品種多樣(yang)。早在(zai)(zai)商代(dai)的(de)甲(jia)骨文中,已出現以數人集體祭龍(long)(long)(long)求雨的(de)文字;漢代(dai)董仲舒《春秋繁露(lu)》的(de)記錄(lu)中已有(you)明確的(de)有(you)關舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)求雨的(de)記載;此后歷(li)朝歷(li)代(dai)的(de)詩文中記錄(lu)宮廷或民(min)間舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)文字屢見(jian)不(bu)鮮。直至(zhi)現在(zai)(zai),龍(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)仍(reng)是民(min)間喜(xi)慶節令場(chang)合普遍存在(zai)(zai)的(de)舞(wu)蹈形(xing)式(shi)之一。舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)是國家級非遺代(dai)表性項目,很(hen)多地(di)(di)方都有(you)。