舞龍的種類有多少種
1、舞龍頭
舞龍(long)(long)頭(tou)是福建(jian)舍族祭祖活動(dong)中的一(yi)種儀(yi)(yi)式,由日、月、星等組(zu)成儀(yi)(yi)仗隊。龍(long)(long)頭(tou)用木雕(diao)成,涂上色(se)彩(cai),顯得古(gu)樸、莊嚴(yan)。祭祖時,執龍(long)(long)頭(tou)者隨著鼓點(dian)作出(chu)各(ge)種動(dong)作,或(huo)(huo)進或(huo)(huo)退(tui),或(huo)(huo)舞或(huo)(huo)止,或(huo)(huo)跳(tiao)或(huo)(huo)蹲(dun),有一(yi)定章法。
2、舞麻龍
舞麻龍流傳在四川濟州龍溪一帶羌族人民之中,是祭祖中的一項體育活動。近年來羌族人民對舞麻(ma)龍(long)這項活(huo)動加以改進,剔去(qu)糟粕,取其精華,保留了耍花棒(bang)、龍(long)鳳相會、神棍戲(xi)麻(ma)龍(long)、跳(tiao)神棍、麻(ma)龍(long)追彩霞等(deng)套路動作。
3、舞草龍
舞草龍(long)是他(ta)佬族游藝(yi)習俗(su)。草龍(long)用(yong)禾稈草編(bian)成。編(bian)織者先(xian)編(bian)一條長長的草簾,編(bian)到最后分三個叉略往上翹(qiao)起,象征“龍(long)尾”;把草簾的另一頭反折(zhe)一層做兩個彎(wan)角(jiao)翹(qiao)起,形似“龍(long)頭”;中間每隔約2m扎一小捆(kun)橢圓形禾草,串上一根竹子做“龍(long)身”。
4、蘇莊舞草龍
浙江省衢州市開化縣(xian)蘇莊鎮的舞(wu)草龍(long)(long)(long)又稱草龍(long)(long)(long)、稻(dao)草龍(long)(long)(long)或香龍(long)(long)(long)。草龍(long)(long)(long)捆(kun)扎(zha)以稻(dao)草搓成(cheng)粗大(da)繩索,再扎(zha)成(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)首(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)尾,形同(tong)長(chang)龍(long)(long)(long),繩索上插上點(dian)燃的香枝(zhi)。相傳(chuan)唐代便有迎(ying)草龍(long)(long)(long)送(song)龍(long)(long)(long)神活動,一直延傳(chuan)至今。每年中秋之夜,蘇莊鎮各村(cun)農(nong)民高擎香火草龍(long)(long)(long),或穿梭(suo)于(yu)村(cun)中大(da)道,或起舞(wu)于(yu)曬場(chang)田野。
5、潑水龍
潑(po)水(shui)龍(long)(long)(long)是(shi)湖(hu)南湘西土家族(zu)祭(ji)神求雨的(de)儀式,一旦(dan)出現旱災,當地(di)頭面人物就會出來組織潑(po)水(shui)龍(long)(long)(long),演(yan)出極其隆重(zhong)。表(biao)(biao)演(yan)時(shi)有龍(long)(long)(long)頭1個,龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen)9或11節,都不糊紙(zhi),不披布,只通插柳條,取“愿得柳枝甘露(lu)水(shui)”之意,并有魚、蝦、蚌(bang)、蛤等(deng)執事陪(pei)襯。表(biao)(biao)演(yan)時(shi)赤膊者沿街舞龍(long)(long)(long),圍觀者以水(shui)潑(po)之,舞龍(long)(long)(long)人被淋得全身(shen)濕(shi)透,以此(ci)祈求天降大(da)(da)雨,水(shui)越多則預示雨越大(da)(da),故周圍村寨人人參加。舞龍(long)(long)(long)和執事者無特殊(shu)要求,但龍(long)(long)(long)前執龍(long)(long)(long)珠(zhu)者須(xu)有武功,按“四門架子”、“八虎(hu)拳”、“蘇公(gong)背箭”、“猛虎(hu)跳(tiao)澗”等(deng)套路表(biao)(biao)演(yan),相(xiang)沿成(cheng)習。
6、香火龍
香火(huo)龍(long)流傳已久,在(zai)湖南(nan)汝城縣志早(zao)有記載,其南(nan)鄉(xiang)一帶(dai)較為盛行,多在(zai)元宵佳節舉行。表(biao)演香火(huo)龍(long)時,必有兩(liang)(liang)龍(long)(母龍(long)和(he)子(zi)龍(long))、兩(liang)(liang)獅(shi)(母獅(shi)和(he)子(zi)獅(shi))陪隨而舞(wu),一獅(shi)在(zai)龍(long)前引路,一獅(shi)在(zai)龍(long)尾跟隨。
香火龍(long)的表演(yan)程序上有(you):翻滾、噴水、沉海底、跳躍(yue)、吞食、睡眠(mian)等動(dong)作。“沉海底”和“吞食”表演(yan)技巧上難度較高。引(yin)(yin)路和尾隨的兩(liang)頭(tou)獅子,除(chu)各自作翻滾跳躍(yue)的動(dong)作外,還作些引(yin)(yin)龍(long)和隨龍(long)“護駕”動(dong)作。
7、百葉龍
浙江省流行的(de)(de)(de)“百(bai)葉(xie)龍(long)(long)”,是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種構思、制作(zuo)均極奇(qi)巧(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)。舞(wu)者(zhe)手執荷(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)燈(deng)、荷(he)(he)葉(xie)燈(deng)、蝴(hu)蝶(die)燈(deng),翩翩起(qi)舞(wu)。人(ren)們(men)(men)只(zhi)見朵(duo)(duo)朵(duo)(duo)盛開的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)(he)花(hua)(hua),在(zai)(zai)片片荷(he)(he)葉(xie)中飄移、舞(wu)動,似一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)美麗的(de)(de)(de)蝴(hu)蝶(die)在(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)叢中飛翔。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段優美抒(shu)情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)蹈后,舞(wu)者(zhe)齊聚場中,突然間,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條巨龍(long)(long)在(zai)(zai)人(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)眼前騰躍而(er)出。原來那(nei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朵(duo)(duo)特大的(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)花(hua)(hua)燈(deng)(或聚寶盆(pen)),背面繪(hui)制的(de)(de)(de)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)輝煌壯麗的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)頭,朵(duo)(duo)朵(duo)(duo)荷(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)緊緊相扣連(lian),組成(cheng)龍(long)(long)身,片片花(hua)(hua)瓣,變成(cheng)龍(long)(long)身上的(de)(de)(de)片片鱗甲,美麗的(de)(de)(de)蝴(hu)蝶(die)成(cheng)了(le)抖(dou)擺的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)尾,而(er)荷(he)(he)葉(xie)則成(cheng)了(le)朵(duo)(duo)朵(duo)(duo)白云。舞(wu)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)姑娘們(men)(men)喜(xi)歡一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)塵不染的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)(he)花(hua)(hua),就把天性(xing)神(shen)秘、時而(er)神(shen)形(xing)畢露。時而(er)隱身藏形(xing)、時而(er)又依附在(zai)(zai)各種物體上招搖過市的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)與荷(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)聯綴一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體,舞(wu)起(qi)了(le)荷(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long),讓氣吞萬里的(de)(de)(de)神(shen)龍(long)(long)平添一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)股嫵媚之氣。
8、燒火龍
燒火龍又叫舞(wu)火龍,是流傳于廣東豐順一帶的(de)獨特的(de)民(min)間傳統項目(mu),一般在春節和(he)元宵夜舉行。
燒火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)”,是用(yong)紙扎成的(de)(de)(de)(de),長(chang)15~20米(mi),分(fen)為五(wu)節,四(si)周(zhou)扎滿五(wu)顏六色的(de)(de)(de)(de)鞭炮。起(qi)舞(wu)(wu)前,先燃響(xiang)鞭炮,以(yi)引龍(long)出海。然后一隊(dui)赤膊袒胸、舉著(zhu)(zhu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)棍(gun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)者(zhe),隨著(zhu)(zhu)快速的(de)(de)(de)(de)鑼鼓聲(sheng)在(zai)場(chang)上快跑,反復三次,名叫“請龍(long)”。接著(zhu)(zhu),“火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)”出場(chang)了,它在(zai)場(chang)上繞著(zhu)(zhu)大圈子,先從(cong)龍(long)嘴中(zhong)噴(pen)出火(huo)(huo)(huo)來(lai),然后,龍(long)身上扎著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鞭炮被(bei)點燃了,從(cong)頭(tou)至尾,火(huo)(huo)(huo)光四(si)射,霹靂(li)連聲(sheng)。巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)身就在(zai)煙火(huo)(huo)(huo)和爆響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)包圍之中(zhong),上下翻飛,左(zuo)右(you)騰舞(wu)(wu),煞是好看。此(ci)時,預先準備在(zai)場(chang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙花架,朝天(tian)射出串(chuan)串(chuan)煙花,五(wu)彩繽紛,摧(cui)級奪(duo)目,從(cong)而把舞(wu)(wu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)推向高(gao)潮。整個(ge)活(huo)動(dong)持(chi)續十多(duo)分(fen)鐘(zhong),待煙火(huo)(huo)(huo)熄滅(mie),火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)也被(bei)燒掉了。而舞(wu)(wu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)胳膊上、胸脯上灼起(qi)一個(ge)個(ge)血泡(pao),以(yi)血泡(pao)最多(duo)者(zhe)為“吉利”。
舞龍的風格有哪些
1、南龍
南(nan)龍(long)龍(long)身厚重,風格主攻氣勢二字,雖不夠靈(ling)活,但氣勢浩大,以楊店高龍(long)、黃陂舞龍(long)為代(dai)表。
2、北龍
北龍較(jiao)為細小(xiao)和輕巧,更(geng)適于做各(ge)種花款動作,如今在東南亞等(deng)地流行的(de),也是北龍。
舞龍是哪里的非遺
舞(wu)龍是(shi)甘肅(su)省(sheng)酒泉(quan)市肅(su)州(zhou)區傳(chuan)統舞(wu)蹈,甘肅(su)省(sheng)市(州(zhou))級(ji)非物質文(wen)化遺產(chan)之一。保護單位(wei)為酒泉(quan)市肅(su)州(zhou)區文(wen)化館。
龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu),也稱“舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)”,民間(jian)又叫“耍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)”“耍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)燈”或(huo)“舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)燈”,在(zai)全國多地(di)分布(bu),形式品種多樣。早(zao)在(zai)商代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)甲骨(gu)文中(zhong)(zhong),已出現(xian)以數(shu)人(ren)集體祭龍(long)(long)(long)(long)求(qiu)雨的(de)(de)文字;漢代(dai)(dai)董仲舒《春(chun)秋繁(fan)露》的(de)(de)記(ji)錄(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)已有明確的(de)(de)有關舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)求(qiu)雨的(de)(de)記(ji)載;此后歷朝歷代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)詩文中(zhong)(zhong)記(ji)錄(lu)宮廷或(huo)民間(jian)舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)文字屢(lv)見不(bu)鮮。直至現(xian)在(zai),龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)仍是民間(jian)喜慶節令場合普(pu)遍存在(zai)的(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)蹈形式之一。舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)是國家級非(fei)遺代(dai)(dai)表性項目(mu),很多地(di)方都有。