舞龍的種類有多少種
1、舞龍頭
舞龍(long)頭是福(fu)建(jian)舍(she)族祭祖活動中的(de)一種(zhong)儀(yi)式,由日、月、星等組成儀(yi)仗隊。龍(long)頭用木雕成,涂(tu)上色彩,顯得古(gu)樸、莊嚴。祭祖時,執龍(long)頭者隨著鼓點作(zuo)出各種(zhong)動作(zuo),或(huo)進(jin)或(huo)退,或(huo)舞或(huo)止,或(huo)跳或(huo)蹲(dun),有一定章法(fa)。
2、舞麻龍
舞麻龍流傳在四川濟州龍溪一帶羌族人民之中,是祭祖中的一項體育活動。近年來羌(qiang)族(zu)人民對舞(wu)麻(ma)龍這項活動加以改(gai)進,剔(ti)去糟粕,取其精華,保留了(le)耍花(hua)棒、龍鳳相(xiang)會、神(shen)棍戲麻(ma)龍、跳神(shen)棍、麻(ma)龍追彩霞等套路動作。
3、舞草龍
舞草(cao)(cao)龍是他佬族(zu)游藝習(xi)俗。草(cao)(cao)龍用禾稈(gan)草(cao)(cao)編成。編織(zhi)者先(xian)編一(yi)(yi)條長(chang)長(chang)的草(cao)(cao)簾,編到最后分三個叉(cha)略往上翹起(qi),象征“龍尾”;把草(cao)(cao)簾的另一(yi)(yi)頭反折(zhe)一(yi)(yi)層做兩個彎角翹起(qi),形似(si)“龍頭”;中間每隔約2m扎一(yi)(yi)小捆(kun)橢圓形禾草(cao)(cao),串(chuan)上一(yi)(yi)根(gen)竹子做“龍身(shen)”。
4、蘇莊舞草龍
浙江省衢州市開化縣蘇莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)的舞(wu)(wu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)又(you)稱草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)、稻草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)或(huo)香(xiang)龍(long)(long)(long)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)捆扎以稻草(cao)(cao)(cao)搓成粗大繩索,再扎成龍(long)(long)(long)首(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)尾,形(xing)同(tong)長龍(long)(long)(long),繩索上插上點(dian)燃(ran)的香(xiang)枝。相傳(chuan)唐代便有迎草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)送龍(long)(long)(long)神活動,一直延傳(chuan)至(zhi)今。每年中秋之夜,蘇莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)各村農民高擎香(xiang)火草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long),或(huo)穿梭于村中大道,或(huo)起舞(wu)(wu)于曬場田野(ye)。
5、潑水龍
潑水龍(long)(long)(long)是湖南湘西土家族祭神求(qiu)(qiu)雨(yu)的儀(yi)式(shi),一旦出(chu)現(xian)旱災,當(dang)地頭面人物就會(hui)出(chu)來組織潑水龍(long)(long)(long),演(yan)出(chu)極其(qi)隆重。表(biao)演(yan)時有(you)龍(long)(long)(long)頭1個,龍(long)(long)(long)身9或11節,都不(bu)(bu)糊紙(zhi),不(bu)(bu)披布,只通插柳(liu)條,取“愿得柳(liu)枝甘露水”之(zhi)意,并(bing)有(you)魚、蝦、蚌、蛤等執事(shi)陪襯。表(biao)演(yan)時赤膊者(zhe)沿(yan)街(jie)舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long),圍(wei)(wei)觀(guan)者(zhe)以(yi)水潑之(zhi),舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)人被淋得全(quan)身濕透(tou),以(yi)此(ci)祈求(qiu)(qiu)天降大(da)雨(yu),水越多則預(yu)示雨(yu)越大(da),故(gu)周圍(wei)(wei)村寨人人參加。舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)和執事(shi)者(zhe)無特(te)殊要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),但龍(long)(long)(long)前執龍(long)(long)(long)珠者(zhe)須有(you)武功,按“四門架子(zi)”、“八(ba)虎拳”、“蘇(su)公背(bei)箭”、“猛(meng)虎跳澗”等套路表(biao)演(yan),相沿(yan)成習。
6、香火龍
香火龍(long)流傳已久,在湖南(nan)汝城縣志早(zao)有記載(zai),其(qi)南(nan)鄉一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)較為盛行,多(duo)在元宵佳節舉行。表演香火龍(long)時,必有兩(liang)龍(long)(母龍(long)和子龍(long))、兩(liang)獅(母獅和子獅)陪隨而(er)舞(wu),一(yi)(yi)獅在龍(long)前引路(lu),一(yi)(yi)獅在龍(long)尾跟(gen)隨。
香火龍(long)的表演程序上(shang)有(you):翻(fan)滾、噴(pen)水、沉海底(di)、跳躍(yue)、吞食、睡眠等(deng)動(dong)(dong)作。“沉海底(di)”和(he)“吞食”表演技巧上(shang)難度(du)較(jiao)高。引路和(he)尾隨的兩(liang)頭獅子,除各自作翻(fan)滾跳躍(yue)的動(dong)(dong)作外,還作些引龍(long)和(he)隨龍(long)“護駕”動(dong)(dong)作。
7、百葉龍
浙江省流行的(de)(de)(de)(de)“百葉(xie)龍(long)(long)”,是一(yi)(yi)種構思、制作均極奇(qi)巧的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)。舞(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)手執(zhi)荷(he)花(hua)燈(deng)、荷(he)葉(xie)燈(deng)、蝴蝶(die)燈(deng),翩翩起(qi)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)。人們只見(jian)朵(duo)朵(duo)盛開的(de)(de)(de)(de)荷(he)花(hua),在(zai)(zai)片(pian)片(pian)荷(he)葉(xie)中飄(piao)移、舞(wu)(wu)(wu)動,似一(yi)(yi)只美麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)蝴蝶(die)在(zai)(zai)花(hua)叢中飛翔。一(yi)(yi)段優美抒情的(de)(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈后,舞(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)齊聚(ju)場中,突然間,一(yi)(yi)條巨(ju)龍(long)(long)在(zai)(zai)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)眼前騰躍而(er)(er)出。原來那一(yi)(yi)朵(duo)特大的(de)(de)(de)(de)茶花(hua)燈(deng)(或聚(ju)寶盆(pen)),背面繪制的(de)(de)(de)(de)是一(yi)(yi)個輝煌壯麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)頭,朵(duo)朵(duo)荷(he)花(hua)緊緊相扣(kou)連,組成(cheng)龍(long)(long)身(shen),片(pian)片(pian)花(hua)瓣,變(bian)成(cheng)龍(long)(long)身(shen)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)片(pian)片(pian)鱗甲,美麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)蝴蝶(die)成(cheng)了抖擺的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)尾,而(er)(er)荷(he)葉(xie)則成(cheng)了朵(duo)朵(duo)白云。舞(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)姑(gu)娘們喜歡(huan)一(yi)(yi)塵不染的(de)(de)(de)(de)荷(he)花(hua),就(jiu)把(ba)天性神(shen)秘、時(shi)而(er)(er)神(shen)形畢露。時(shi)而(er)(er)隱身(shen)藏(zang)形、時(shi)而(er)(er)又依附在(zai)(zai)各種物體(ti)上招搖過市的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)與荷(he)花(hua)聯綴一(yi)(yi)體(ti),舞(wu)(wu)(wu)起(qi)了荷(he)花(hua)龍(long)(long),讓(rang)氣吞萬(wan)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)龍(long)(long)平添一(yi)(yi)股嫵(wu)媚之(zhi)氣。
8、燒火龍
燒(shao)火(huo)龍(long)(long)又(you)叫(jiao)舞火(huo)龍(long)(long),是(shi)流傳于廣東豐順一帶的獨特的民(min)間傳統項目,一般在春(chun)節和元宵(xiao)夜舉(ju)行。
燒火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”,是用紙扎成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),長(chang)15~20米(mi),分為五(wu)節(jie),四周扎滿五(wu)顏六(liu)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鞭炮(pao)(pao)。起舞前(qian),先燃(ran)響鞭炮(pao)(pao),以(yi)引龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)出(chu)(chu)海。然(ran)(ran)后一隊赤膊袒胸、舉著(zhu)火(huo)(huo)棍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舞火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)者,隨著(zhu)快速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑼鼓聲(sheng)在(zai)(zai)場上(shang)快跑,反復三次,名叫“請龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”。接(jie)著(zhu),“火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”出(chu)(chu)場了(le),它(ta)在(zai)(zai)場上(shang)繞(rao)著(zhu)大圈子,先從(cong)(cong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)嘴中(zhong)噴出(chu)(chu)火(huo)(huo)來,然(ran)(ran)后,龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)身上(shang)扎著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鞭炮(pao)(pao)被(bei)點(dian)燃(ran)了(le),從(cong)(cong)頭至尾(wei),火(huo)(huo)光四射(she),霹靂連聲(sheng)。巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)身就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)煙(yan)火(huo)(huo)和爆響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)包圍之中(zhong),上(shang)下翻飛,左右騰舞,煞是好看。此時,預先準備在(zai)(zai)場上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)花架,朝天射(she)出(chu)(chu)串串煙(yan)花,五(wu)彩(cai)繽(bin)紛,摧級(ji)奪目,從(cong)(cong)而(er)把舞火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)推(tui)向高潮(chao)。整個活(huo)動持續十多分鐘,待煙(yan)火(huo)(huo)熄滅,火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)也被(bei)燒掉了(le)。而(er)舞火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)胳膊上(shang)、胸脯上(shang)灼(zhuo)起一個個血泡(pao),以(yi)血泡(pao)最多者為“吉利”。
舞龍的風格有哪些
1、南龍
南龍龍身厚重,風格主攻氣(qi)(qi)勢(shi)二字,雖(sui)不夠靈活,但(dan)氣(qi)(qi)勢(shi)浩(hao)大,以楊店高龍、黃陂舞龍為(wei)代表。
2、北龍
北(bei)龍較(jiao)為細(xi)小和(he)輕(qing)巧(qiao),更適于做(zuo)各種花款動作(zuo),如今在東南亞等地流行的,也是北(bei)龍。
舞龍是哪里的非遺
舞龍是甘肅(su)省酒泉市(shi)肅(su)州(zhou)區(qu)傳(chuan)統舞蹈(dao),甘肅(su)省市(shi)(州(zhou))級非物質文(wen)化遺產之一。保護(hu)單位(wei)為酒泉市(shi)肅(su)州(zhou)區(qu)文(wen)化館。
龍(long)(long)(long)舞(wu),也(ye)稱“舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)”,民間(jian)又叫“耍(shua)龍(long)(long)(long)”“耍(shua)龍(long)(long)(long)燈”或“舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)燈”,在全國(guo)(guo)多(duo)地分布,形式(shi)品種多(duo)樣。早在商代(dai)的甲骨文(wen)中(zhong),已(yi)出現以數人集體祭龍(long)(long)(long)求雨(yu)的文(wen)字;漢代(dai)董仲舒《春(chun)秋繁露(lu)》的記(ji)錄(lu)中(zhong)已(yi)有(you)(you)明(ming)確的有(you)(you)關舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)求雨(yu)的記(ji)載;此后歷朝歷代(dai)的詩文(wen)中(zhong)記(ji)錄(lu)宮廷(ting)或民間(jian)舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)的文(wen)字屢見不鮮。直(zhi)至現在,龍(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)仍是民間(jian)喜慶節令場合普(pu)遍(bian)存在的舞(wu)蹈形式(shi)之(zhi)一。舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)是國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)非(fei)遺代(dai)表性(xing)項目,很(hen)多(duo)地方都有(you)(you)。