一、單向晶閘管和雙向晶閘管的區別是什么
晶閘管是一種常用的半導體器件,可以控制電流大小,它的種類眾多,強電電路采用的晶閘管主要有(you)單向晶閘(zha)管和雙向晶閘(zha)管兩種,它(ta)們(men)之間的區別主要有(you):
1、電路符號區別
單(dan)向(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)縮(suo)寫為(wei)SCR,雙向(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)英文(wen)縮(suo)寫TRIAC。單(dan)向(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)的(de)引腳符(fu)號(hao)是K、G、A,其中G極(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)門極(ji)(ji)(ji),也(ye)是控制(zhi)極(ji)(ji)(ji),A極(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji),K極(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)。而雙向(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)的(de)引腳符(fu)號(hao)是T1、T2、G,其中G為(wei)門極(ji)(ji)(ji),另外兩個端(duan)子(zi)因為(wei)可以雙向(xiang)導(dao)通,所以不區分陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)和陽極(ji)(ji)(ji),都是主端(duan)子(zi),用(yong)T1、T2表示。
2、工作狀態區別
單向(xiang)晶(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)若(ruo)是用于直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)路,一(yi)(yi)旦觸發信號開(kai)通(tong)(tong),并保(bao)(bao)持(chi)一(yi)(yi)定幅(fu)度的流(liu)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的話,晶(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)會一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)開(kai)通(tong)(tong)狀態(tai)。除非將電(dian)(dian)源開(kai)斷一(yi)(yi)次(ci),才能使(shi)其關斷。若(ruo)用于交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)路,則在其承受正(zheng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)期(qi)間,若(ruo)接受一(yi)(yi)個觸發信號,則一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)導(dao)通(tong)(tong),直(zhi)到電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過零點到來,因(yin)無流(liu)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)而自行關斷。在承受反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)期(qi)間,即使(shi)送入觸發信號,晶(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)也(ye)因(yin)A、K間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)反向(xiang),而保(bao)(bao)持(chi)于截止狀態(tai)。
雙向(xiang)(xiang)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)第一陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)T1與(yu)第二陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)T2間,無論所加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性是正向(xiang)(xiang)還是反向(xiang)(xiang),只(zhi)要控(kong)制(zhi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)G和第一陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)T1間加有(you)正負極(ji)(ji)(ji)性不(bu)同的觸(chu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),就(jiu)可觸(chu)發(fa)導通(tong)呈低阻狀態。此(ci)時T1、T2間壓(ya)降也(ye)約1V。雙向(xiang)(xiang)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)一旦導通(tong),即使失去觸(chu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),也(ye)能繼(ji)續保持(chi)導通(tong)狀態。只(zhi)有(you)當第一陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)T1、第二陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)T2電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流減小,小于維持(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流或(huo)T1、T2間當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性改變且沒有(you)觸(chu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時,雙向(xiang)(xiang)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)才截斷,此(ci)時只(zhi)有(you)重新加觸(chu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)方可導通(tong)。
3、應用區別
單(dan)向(xiang)晶閘管因為只有陽極(ji)電(dian)壓大于(yu)陰(yin)極(ji)時(shi),在門極(ji)加控制電(dian)壓才會導(dao)通,反之截(jie)止(zhi),這和(he)二極(ji)管的(de)單(dan)向(xiang)導(dao)電(dian)性一樣,所以廣泛應用于(yu)可控整流。需要(yao)說明的(de)是(shi),一旦導(dao)通之后(hou),門極(ji)信號就無法使(shi)(shi)其(qi)關斷(duan),只能靠去除負載或降低(di)其(qi)兩(liang)端電(dian)壓使(shi)(shi)其(qi)關斷(duan)。
而(er)雙(shuang)向晶閘管(guan)在施加正(zheng)向或反向電壓時受到脈沖(chong)觸發(fa)都會導通,導通具備(bei)開關(guan)功能(neng),導通角可控(kong)具備(bei)調(diao)壓功能(neng),所以雙(shuang)向晶閘管(guan)在交流電路中能(neng)完成開關(guan)和調(diao)壓雙(shuang)重(zhong)功能(neng)。
二、晶閘管單向和雙向選哪個
單向(xiang)晶閘管和雙向(xiang)晶閘管對比起來,各有(you)其特點,選(xuan)擇哪個要看電路需要:
1、單向晶閘管的特點是電流(liu)只能(neng)從陽極(ji)A流(liu)向陰極(ji)k,主(zhu)要(yao)應用于直(zhi)流(liu)電源(yuan)或魚流(liu)脈動電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)、交(jiao)流(liu)電源(yuan)整流(liu)、直(zhi)流(liu)電源(yuan)逆(ni)變等場(chang)合,如交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)、可(ke)控(kong)(kong)整流(liu)、交(jiao)流(liu)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、逆(ni)變電源(yuan)、開(kai)關電源(yuan)保護電路(lu)等。
2、雙向晶閘管是在單(dan)向(xiang)晶(jing)閘管的(de)基礎之上(shang)開(kai)發出來的(de),是一(yi)種交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流型功率控制器件(jian)。雙向(xiang)晶(jing)閘管不僅能(neng)夠取代兩個反向(xiang)并聯的(de)單(dan)向(xiang)晶(jing)閘管,而(er)且只需要(yao)(yao)一(yi)個觸(chu)發電(dian)(dian)路(lu),使用更方便。雙向(xiang)晶(jing)閘管的(de)特點是可以(yi)通過交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)流,主要(yao)(yao)應用于交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)控制、交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)調(diao)整等場(chang)合(he),如交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流開(kai)關(guan)、交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流調(diao)壓、交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機線性(xing)調(diao)速、燈具線性(xing)調(diao)光及固(gu)態(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)器、固(gu)態(tai)接觸(chu)器等電(dian)(dian)路(lu)。