推土機的結構(gou)與工作原理（二）

2、行星齒輪式動力換擋變速器

TY220推土機(ji)行(xing)星齒輪式動(dong)力換擋變速器(qi)的結構(gou)(gou)圖，該變速器(qi)主要由四個行(xing)星排和一個旋轉閉鎖離合器(qi)構(gou)(gou)成。圖3中標的“I”“II”“III”、“IV”是四個行(xing)星排，“V”是旋轉閉鎖離合器(qi)。“I”“II”和“IV”行(xing)星排都(dou)是固定齒圈，用行(xing)星架同向旋轉進(jin)行(xing)輸出(chu)的。

“II”行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)排的(de)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)架上多(duo)裝一個行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)輪，若(ruo)將齒(chi)圈(quan)C用離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)固定，當(dang)太陽輪A右(you)轉(zhuan)時(shi)，行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)齒(chi)輪B左轉(zhuan)，行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)齒(chi)輪E右(you)轉(zhuan)，行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)架D左轉(zhuan)，則形成(cheng)了以太陽輪輸入、行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)架反向旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)輸出(chu)的(de)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)齒(chi)輪減速機構。TY220型推(tui)土機變速器(qi)即利用第II行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)排作為(wei)倒擋使用。離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)有5個。第1至第4離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)的(de)油(you)(you)缸體都由螺栓(shuan)連接(jie)在(zai)端蓋上，它們是(shi)不運動(dong)的(de)。當(dang)油(you)(you)缸體和活(huo)塞之間布滿壓(ya)力(li)油(you)(you)時(shi)，壓(ya)力(li)油(you)(you)在(zai)油(you)(you)超過計劃(hua)的(de)密封下，建立油(you)(you)壓(ya)并推(tui)活(huo)塞壓(ya)緊摩擦片，則可將齒(chi)圈(quan)固定。

第5號(hao)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)閉鎖離合器(qi)的(de)(de)結構比較特(te)殊，它(ta)沒有行(xing)星機構，其工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)是整體(ti)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)。向(xiang)(xiang)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)(gang)中供油(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)，需先向(xiang)(xiang)中央軸(zhou)供油(you)(you)(you)(you)。工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)，壓(ya)力(li)油(you)(you)(you)(you)通過第5離合器(qi)固定(ding)不動的(de)(de)殼體(ti)19中的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)道(dao)，進(jin)入旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)(gang)，推(tui)動活(huo)塞工(gong)作(zuo)。為(wei)(wei)防止(zhi)(zhi)泄漏，要(yao)用旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)密封(feng)(feng)環進(jin)行(xing)密封(feng)(feng)。工(gong)作(zuo)完的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)液，因為(wei)(wei)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)(gang)不停地旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，離心力(li)向(xiang)(xiang)外甩出，無(wu)法經供油(you)(you)(you)(you)道(dao)排(pai)出，會增(zeng)加摩擦(ca)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)磨損。為(wei)(wei)解決此題目(mu)，在旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)道(dao)排(pai)出，會增(zeng)加摩擦(ca)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)磨損。為(wei)(wei)解決此題目(mu)，在旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)(gang)體(ti)上增(zeng)加一個鋼球(qiu)止(zhi)(zhi)回(hui)(hui)閥(fa)，在壓(ya)力(li)油(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用下(xia)，它(ta)密封(feng)(feng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)孔以建立油(you)(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)，休止(zhi)(zhi)供油(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)，它(ta)會甩開(kai)，開(kai)放(fang)回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)孔以回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)。

TY220型推土(tu)機變速(su)器，在結構上很多特點(dian)，利用這些特點(dian)，可使(shi)維(wei)修更為(wei)輕(qing)易進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。如(ru)第(di)(di)(di)(di)1至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)4離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)摩擦片和光(guang)盤(pan)都是通(tong)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)；第(di)(di)(di)(di)2至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)4行(xing)(xing)星(xing)排的(de)(de)(de)(de)活塞和密封環相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，行(xing)(xing)星(xing)排離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器導向(xiang)銷相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，光(guang)盤(pan)分離(li)(li)彈(dan)簧(huang)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器活塞分離(li)(li)彈(dan)簧(huang)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)；第(di)(di)(di)(di)1至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)3行(xing)(xing)星(xing)排使(shi)用統一個行(xing)(xing)星(xing)架(jia)；第(di)(di)(di)(di)4行(xing)(xing)星(xing)排的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)星(xing)架(jia)利用外齒(chi)圈插(cha)入第(di)(di)(di)(di)3行(xing)(xing)星(xing)排齒(chi)圈中，并用彈(dan)簧(huang)卡圈防止軸(zhou)向(xiang)竄動等等。TY320和TY220型推土(tu)機系列產品有完全相(xiang)(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)變速(su)器，只(zhi)是放大了幾何尺寸。TY160型推土(tu)機變速(su)器，離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)排列方(fang)式不同(tong)(tong)(tong)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)1離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器為(wei)前進(jin)擋(dang)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)2離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器為(wei)撤(che)退退卻擋(dang)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)3旋轉閉鎖離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器為(wei)I擋(dang)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)4離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器為(wei)III擋(dang)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)5離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器為(wei)II擋(dang)。安們有相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用維(wei)修特點(dian)。

3、轉向離合器和轉向制動器

變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)傳(chuan)入(ru)中心傳(chuan)動(dong)后，就從(cong)縱向(xiang)傳(chuan)動(dong)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)橫向(xiang)傳(chuan)動(dong)，由(you)橫軸(zhou)分(fen)外傳(chuan)給(gei)左、右兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)轉向(xiang)離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)。圖4是(shi)TY220型推(tui)土機的(de)(de)中心傳(chuan)動(dong)及轉向(xiang)離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)結(jie)構(gou)圖。該機的(de)(de)轉向(xiang)離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)彈(dan)(dan)簧壓緊(jin)、液(ye)壓分(fen)離(li)、常(chang)嚙合(he)(he)、溫式摩擦(ca)片結(jie)構(gou)型式。它(ta)包括(kuo)外鼓(gu)(gu)1、內鼓(gu)(gu)5、壓盤(pan)2、外摩擦(ca)片3、內齒處(chu)4、活(huo)塞15、螺栓13、套筒(tong)14與(yu)活(huo)塞15連接成一(yi)個(ge)(ge)整體，大、小彈(dan)(dan)簧支撐(cheng)在內鼓(gu)(gu)5上，彈(dan)(dan)簧的(de)(de)安(an)裝負荷(he)推(tui)動(dong)活(huo)塞15向(xiang)右移動(dong)，帶動(dong)壓板2將摩擦(ca)片3和齒片4壓緊(jin)在一(yi)起，實現接合(he)(he)傳(chuan)力(li)。彈(dan)(dan)簧共8組，總安(an)裝負荷(he)3.2T，有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)壓力(li)壓緊(jin)摩擦(ca)片以傳(chuan)遞力(li)矩。

當推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)土(tu)機需(xu)要轉向(xiang)(xiang)(如拉動(dong)(dong)左(zuo)轉向(xiang)(xiang)拉桿)時，淮壓(ya)油充(chong)入轉向(xiang)(xiang)離合(he)器活(huo)(huo)塞15和輪轂6之間的油腔，油壓(ya)力(li)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞，帶動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)盤(pan)向(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)，摩擦片(pian)和齒片(pian)松開(kai)(kai)，不再傳(chuan)遞力(li)矩，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)土(tu)機左(zuo)側(ce)失去動(dong)(dong)力(li)，在右側(ce)履帶的推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)下向(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉向(xiang)(xiang)。轉向(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)束(shu)時，松開(kai)(kai)拉桿，液壓(ya)油在活(huo)(huo)塞推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)下回流，轉向(xiang)(xiang)離合(he)器重(zhong)新接合(he)傳(chuan)力(li)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)土(tu)機恢復直線(xian)行駛。

TY220型推土機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)液(ye)壓助力、浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)濕(shi)式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)式。它(ta)包括安(an)裝在轉(zhuan)向(xiang)離(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)外(wai)鼓上(shang)的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)15、助力活塞(sai)8、連桿(gan)10、浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)桿(gan)11、連桿(gan)14等(deng)零件。因為浮(fu)念頭構的優勝機(ji)(ji)能(neng)，不(bu)(bu)論離(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)外(wai)鼓是(shi)(shi)正轉(zhuan)仍是(shi)(shi)反轉(zhuan)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)都很平穩，不(bu)(bu)會產生制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)沖擊(ji)。當制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)1.5上(shang)的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)襯片16磨損(sun)后，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)和(he)外(wai)鼓之間(jian)間(jian)隙(xi)變大，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)跳板行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)增加(jia)，當行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)增大到一定(ding)限(xian)度(du)(du)時(shi)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)變得不(bu)(bu)可靠(kao)。因此(ci)，要不(bu)(bu)斷地調整制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)間(jian)隙(xi)。推土機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)踏板尺度(du)(du)行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)極(ji)限(xian)行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)如(ru)表(biao)所示。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)間(jian)隙(xi)調整的方法：拆(chai)去調節(jie)螺(luo)栓的護蓋后，將調節(jie)螺(luo)栓口右旋，扭(niu)緊制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)以抱住外(wai)鼓(扭(niu)緊力矩約90N·m)然后擰松螺(luo)栓(TY160型擰松15/6圈，TY320型擰松11/6圈)，使制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)和(he)外(wai)鼓間(jian)泛起0.3mm尺度(du)(du)間(jian)隙(xi)，調整完成。

TY320型(xing)、TY160型(xing)和(he)TY220型(xing)推(tui)土機(ji)系列產(chan)品有相(xiang)似的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)向離合器和(he)制動器，它(ta)們有相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)使用和(he)維修(xiu)特點。