推(tui)土機的結構與工作原理（二）

2、行星齒輪式動力換擋變速器

TY220推土機行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)齒輪(lun)式(shi)動力換(huan)擋(dang)變速器(qi)的結(jie)構圖，該變速器(qi)主要(yao)由四(si)個行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)排和(he)一(yi)個旋轉(zhuan)閉鎖離(li)合器(qi)構成。圖3中標的“I”“II”“III”、“IV”是(shi)四(si)個行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)排，“V”是(shi)旋轉(zhuan)閉鎖離(li)合器(qi)。“I”“II”和(he)“IV”行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)排都是(shi)固定齒圈(quan)，用行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)架同向旋轉(zhuan)進行(xing)(xing)輸出的。

“II”行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)排的(de)(de)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)架上多(duo)裝一(yi)個行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)輪(lun)，若將齒(chi)圈(quan)C用離合(he)(he)器(qi)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)，當太陽輪(lun)A右轉時(shi)，行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)齒(chi)輪(lun)B左轉，行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)齒(chi)輪(lun)E右轉，行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)架D左轉，則形成了以太陽輪(lun)輸入(ru)、行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)架反向旋轉輸出的(de)(de)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)齒(chi)輪(lun)減速機(ji)構(gou)。TY220型推土機(ji)變速器(qi)即利用第(di)II行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)排作為倒擋使(shi)用。離合(he)(he)器(qi)有5個。第(di)1至(zhi)第(di)4離合(he)(he)器(qi)的(de)(de)油缸體都由(you)螺栓連接在端蓋上，它們是不(bu)運(yun)動的(de)(de)。當油缸體和活(huo)(huo)塞之間布滿壓力油時(shi)，壓力油在油超(chao)過計劃的(de)(de)密封下，建立油壓并推活(huo)(huo)塞壓緊摩擦(ca)片，則可將齒(chi)圈(quan)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)。

第(di)5號(hao)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)閉鎖離(li)(li)合器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)結構比較特殊，它沒(mei)有行(xing)星機構，其(qi)工(gong)作時是整(zheng)體(ti)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)。向旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)中供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)時，需先向中央軸供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)。工(gong)作時，壓(ya)(ya)力(li)油(you)(you)(you)(you)通過第(di)5離(li)(li)合器(qi)固定(ding)不(bu)動的(de)(de)(de)殼(ke)體(ti)19中的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)道，進入旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)，推(tui)動活塞工(gong)作。為防止(zhi)泄漏，要(yao)用旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)密封(feng)環進行(xing)密封(feng)。工(gong)作完的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)液，因為旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)不(bu)停地旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，離(li)(li)心力(li)向外甩出，無(wu)法經(jing)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)道排出，會(hui)增(zeng)(zeng)加摩(mo)擦(ca)片的(de)(de)(de)磨損。為解決此題目(mu)，在旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)道排出，會(hui)增(zeng)(zeng)加摩(mo)擦(ca)片的(de)(de)(de)磨損。為解決此題目(mu)，在旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)體(ti)上增(zeng)(zeng)加一個鋼球止(zhi)回閥，在壓(ya)(ya)力(li)油(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)作用下，它密封(feng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)孔以建立油(you)(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)(ya)，休止(zhi)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)時，它會(hui)甩開，開放回油(you)(you)(you)(you)孔以回油(you)(you)(you)(you)。

TY220型(xing)推(tui)土機變(bian)速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，在結(jie)構上很(hen)多特點，利用(yong)(yong)這些特點，可使(shi)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)更為(wei)輕(qing)易進(jin)行(xing)。如(ru)第(di)(di)(di)1至第(di)(di)(di)4離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)摩(mo)擦片和(he)光(guang)盤(pan)都是(shi)通用(yong)(yong)的(de)；第(di)(di)(di)2至第(di)(di)(di)4行(xing)星(xing)排(pai)的(de)活塞和(he)密封環相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，行(xing)星(xing)排(pai)離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)導(dao)向(xiang)銷相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，光(guang)盤(pan)分(fen)(fen)離(li)彈簧相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)活塞分(fen)(fen)離(li)彈簧相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)；第(di)(di)(di)1至第(di)(di)(di)3行(xing)星(xing)排(pai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)統一個行(xing)星(xing)架；第(di)(di)(di)4行(xing)星(xing)排(pai)的(de)行(xing)星(xing)架利用(yong)(yong)外齒(chi)圈(quan)(quan)插入第(di)(di)(di)3行(xing)星(xing)排(pai)齒(chi)圈(quan)(quan)中，并用(yong)(yong)彈簧卡圈(quan)(quan)防(fang)止軸(zhou)向(xiang)竄動等(deng)等(deng)。TY320和(he)TY220型(xing)推(tui)土機系列產品(pin)有(you)(you)完全相(xiang)(xiang)似的(de)變(bian)速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，只(zhi)是(shi)放大(da)了幾何尺寸。TY160型(xing)推(tui)土機變(bian)速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)排(pai)列方式不同(tong)(tong)，第(di)(di)(di)1離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)前進(jin)擋(dang)，第(di)(di)(di)2離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)撤退退卻擋(dang)，第(di)(di)(di)3旋(xuan)轉閉(bi)鎖離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)I擋(dang)，第(di)(di)(di)4離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)III擋(dang)，第(di)(di)(di)5離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)II擋(dang)。安(an)們有(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)特點。

3、轉向離合器和轉向制動器

變(bian)速(su)器的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)入中心傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)后，就(jiu)從縱(zong)向(xiang)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)變(bian)為橫向(xiang)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)，由橫軸分外傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)給左(zuo)、右兩個轉(zhuan)向(xiang)離合(he)器。圖(tu)(tu)4是TY220型推土機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)中心傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)及轉(zhuan)向(xiang)離合(he)器結(jie)構(gou)圖(tu)(tu)。該機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)離合(he)器是彈(dan)(dan)簧壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)(jin)、液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)分離、常嚙合(he)、溫式(shi)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)片(pian)結(jie)構(gou)型式(shi)。它包括外鼓1、內(nei)鼓5、壓(ya)(ya)盤2、外摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)片(pian)3、內(nei)齒處4、活塞(sai)15、螺栓13、套筒14與活塞(sai)15連接(jie)成一個整體(ti)，大、小彈(dan)(dan)簧支撐在(zai)內(nei)鼓5上，彈(dan)(dan)簧的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝負(fu)荷(he)推動(dong)活塞(sai)15向(xiang)右移動(dong)，帶動(dong)壓(ya)(ya)板2將摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)片(pian)3和(he)齒片(pian)4壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)(jin)在(zai)一起(qi)，實現接(jie)合(he)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)力(li)。彈(dan)(dan)簧共8組，總安(an)裝負(fu)荷(he)3.2T，有足夠的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)(jin)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)片(pian)以傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞力(li)矩。

當推土(tu)機(ji)需要轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(如拉動(dong)左轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向拉桿)時，淮壓(ya)(ya)油充入轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向離合器活(huo)塞15和(he)輪轂6之(zhi)間的油腔，油壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)推動(dong)活(huo)塞，帶(dai)動(dong)壓(ya)(ya)盤向左移動(dong)，摩擦片和(he)齒片松(song)(song)開(kai)，不再傳(chuan)遞(di)力(li)(li)矩，推土(tu)機(ji)左側失(shi)去動(dong)力(li)(li)，在右側履帶(dai)的推動(dong)下(xia)向左轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向結束(shu)時，松(song)(song)開(kai)拉桿，液壓(ya)(ya)油在活(huo)塞推動(dong)下(xia)回流(liu)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向離合器重(zhong)新接合傳(chuan)力(li)(li)，推土(tu)機(ji)恢復直線行駛。

TY220型推土機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器是液壓助力(li)、浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)濕式(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)式(shi)。它包括安裝(zhuang)在轉(zhuan)向(xiang)離合器外(wai)(wai)鼓(gu)上(shang)的(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)15、助力(li)活塞8、連(lian)桿10、浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)桿11、連(lian)桿14等零件。因(yin)為浮念頭構的(de)(de)優(you)勝機(ji)(ji)能，不(bu)論離合器外(wai)(wai)鼓(gu)是正轉(zhuan)仍是反轉(zhuan)，制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)都(dou)很平穩(wen)，不(bu)會產生制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)沖擊。當(dang)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)1.5上(shang)的(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)襯(chen)片16磨損(sun)后，制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)和(he)外(wai)(wai)鼓(gu)之(zhi)間(jian)間(jian)隙(xi)變大，制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)跳板行(xing)程(cheng)增加，當(dang)行(xing)程(cheng)增大到一定(ding)限度(du)時(shi)，制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)變得不(bu)可靠。因(yin)此，要不(bu)斷地調(diao)整(zheng)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)間(jian)隙(xi)。推土機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)踏(ta)板尺度(du)行(xing)程(cheng)和(he)極限行(xing)程(cheng)如表所示。制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)間(jian)隙(xi)調(diao)整(zheng)的(de)(de)方法：拆去調(diao)節螺(luo)(luo)栓的(de)(de)護蓋后，將調(diao)節螺(luo)(luo)栓口右旋，扭(niu)緊制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)以抱住(zhu)外(wai)(wai)鼓(gu)(扭(niu)緊力(li)矩約(yue)90N·m)然后擰松(song)螺(luo)(luo)栓(TY160型擰松(song)15/6圈，TY320型擰松(song)11/6圈)，使制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)和(he)外(wai)(wai)鼓(gu)間(jian)泛起(qi)0.3mm尺度(du)間(jian)隙(xi)，調(diao)整(zheng)完(wan)成。

TY320型、TY160型和TY220型推(tui)土機系列產品有相似的(de)轉向離合器和制(zhi)動器，它們有相同(tong)的(de)使用和維(wei)修特點。