小麥免耕播種機使用中應注意的問題
小麥(mai)免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)播種是保護(hu)性耕(geng)(geng)作的核(he)心技(ji)術,小麥(mai)免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)播種機(ji)(ji)是保護(hu)性耕(geng)(geng)作的關(guan)鍵機(ji)(ji)具,它(ta)與常規播種機(ji)(ji)在構(gou)造、原理(li)、性能(neng)等方面有(you)很大不同,正確使用免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)播種機(ji)(ji)應特別注(zhu)意以下幾方面問題。
一、機具安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)傳動萬(wan)向(xiang)節和組合(he)旋(xuan)(xuan)耕刀(dao)(dao)位置要正確。萬(wan)向(xiang)節安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)后,兩頭花鍵(jian)節叉應在(zai)同一個(ge)平面內,方軸與方管不(bu)能頂(ding)死。否則,機具升降、轉動不(bu)靈活,加大(da)震動、減少壽命。播種苗帶(dai)旋(xuan)(xuan)耕刀(dao)(dao)由(you)彎(wan)刀(dao)(dao)和直刀(dao)(dao)組成(cheng),安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)彎(wan)刀(dao)(dao)要向(xiang)內彎(wan)曲,保證作業時(shi)把秸稈拋到壟(long)間(jian),播種溝內基本無長秸稈,為小(xiao)麥出苗發育創造良好條件。
二、作業時(shi)要注意起步(bu)和地(di)(di)頭(tou)機具(ju)提升操作得當。作業起步(bu)時(shi),旋耕刀離(li)地(di)(di),結合動(dong)力,待空轉達(da)到一(yi)定(ding)速(su)度后(hou),再(zai)掛(gua)擋起步(bu),同(tong)時(shi)緩慢降(jiang)落機具(ju)逐漸入(ru)土,直至正(zheng)常作業。到地(di)(di)頭(tou)轉彎提升機具(ju)時(shi),不得提升過高,萬向節(jie)與動(dong)力輸出軸(zhou)夾角不得大于25度,若必須提高要切斷動(dong)力。否則(ze),容易(yi)損壞機件(jian)。
三、免(mian)耕播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)要適當加大播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)和播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)度。小麥免(mian)耕播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),因(yin)為(wei)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)苗帶土壤中混有較多秸(jie)稈,種(zhong)(zhong)床條件不如常規播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)的好(hao),為(wei)保證小麥出苗發(fa)育(yu)生長,免(mian)耕播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)小麥播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)要比常規播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)多1-1.5kg,播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)度要深(shen)1-2cm。
四、要保證(zheng)(zheng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)帶(dai)寬(kuan)度(du)(du)。免(mian)耕播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)小麥的行距和苗帶(dai)都比常(chang)(chang)規播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)寬(kuan),行距一(yi)般在(zai)25cm左(zuo)右(you),苗帶(dai)12cm左(zuo)右(you)。小麥既能保證(zheng)(zheng)良(liang)好的通風透光條件,又能保證(zheng)(zheng)畝株數。作業(ye)(ye)中,播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)器播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)寬(kuan)度(du)(du)往往達(da)不到要求。因此,作業(ye)(ye)時(shi)是要經常(chang)(chang)清理播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)舌(she)粘土(tu),保持舌(she)面(mian)種(zhong)子導流槽清潔,保證(zheng)(zheng)種(zhong)帶(dai)寬(kuan)度(du)(du)和播(bo)(bo)撒均勻。
五、要(yao)有適當鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)壓強(qiang)度(du)。為(wei)解決(jue)小(xiao)麥免(mian)耕播種(zhong)苗床秸稈較(jiao)多(duo),易(yi)透氣(qi),不易(yi)保墑(di)的(de)問題,免(mian)耕播種(zhong)機(ji)設置了鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)壓器。播種(zhong)作業時,要(yao)根據土壤墑(di)情(qing)調(diao)整鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)壓強(qiang)度(du)。可通過改變鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)壓輪(lun)兩側搖(yao)臂上限位銷的(de)位置,調(diao)整壓力,上限位銷下移(yi)越多(duo),鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)壓力越大。