小麥免耕播種機(ji)使(shi)用中應注意的(de)問題
小(xiao)麥(mai)免耕(geng)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是保護性(xing)(xing)耕(geng)作(zuo)的(de)(de)核心技(ji)術,小(xiao)麥(mai)免耕(geng)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機是保護性(xing)(xing)耕(geng)作(zuo)的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)機具(ju),它(ta)與常(chang)規播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機在(zai)構造、原(yuan)理、性(xing)(xing)能等方面(mian)有很大不同(tong),正確使用免耕(geng)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機應(ying)特別注意以下幾(ji)方面(mian)問題。
一、機(ji)具安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)時傳動(dong)(dong)萬向節和組(zu)合(he)旋耕(geng)刀(dao)(dao)位置要正(zheng)確。萬向節安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)后,兩頭花鍵節叉應在同一個平(ping)面內(nei)(nei),方軸與方管不(bu)能(neng)頂死。否(fou)則,機(ji)具升降、轉動(dong)(dong)不(bu)靈活,加大震動(dong)(dong)、減少壽命。播種(zhong)苗(miao)帶旋耕(geng)刀(dao)(dao)由彎刀(dao)(dao)和直刀(dao)(dao)組(zu)成,安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)時彎刀(dao)(dao)要向內(nei)(nei)彎曲,保證作業時把秸(jie)稈(gan)拋到壟間(jian),播種(zhong)溝內(nei)(nei)基本無(wu)長秸(jie)稈(gan),為小麥出苗(miao)發育創造良好條件。
二、作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)要注意起步(bu)和(he)地(di)頭機(ji)(ji)具提升操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)得(de)當。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)起步(bu)時(shi),旋耕(geng)刀離地(di),結合動(dong)力,待空轉(zhuan)達(da)到一定速度(du)后,再掛擋起步(bu),同時(shi)緩慢降落機(ji)(ji)具逐漸入土,直(zhi)至正常作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)。到地(di)頭轉(zhuan)彎提升機(ji)(ji)具時(shi),不得(de)提升過高(gao),萬向節與(yu)動(dong)力輸(shu)出軸夾(jia)角(jiao)不得(de)大于(yu)25度(du),若必須提高(gao)要切(qie)斷動(dong)力。否則,容(rong)易損壞(huai)機(ji)(ji)件。
三(san)、免耕播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)要適當(dang)加(jia)大播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)量和播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)深度(du)。小麥免耕播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong),因為播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)苗帶土壤中混有較(jiao)多秸稈(gan),種(zhong)床條(tiao)件不如(ru)常規播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)的好,為保證小麥出苗發育(yu)生長,免耕播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)小麥播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)量要比常規播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)多1-1.5kg,播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)深度(du)要深1-2cm。
四、要(yao)保(bao)證播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)帶(dai)(dai)寬度(du)。免耕(geng)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)小(xiao)麥的行距和(he)苗(miao)帶(dai)(dai)都比常規播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)寬,行距一般在25cm左右,苗(miao)帶(dai)(dai)12cm左右。小(xiao)麥既能保(bao)證良好(hao)的通風透光條件,又能保(bao)證畝(mu)株數(shu)。作業中,播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)器播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)寬度(du)往(wang)往(wang)達不(bu)到要(yao)求。因此,作業時(shi)是要(yao)經(jing)常清理播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)舌粘土,保(bao)持舌面種(zhong)子(zi)導流槽清潔,保(bao)證種(zhong)帶(dai)(dai)寬度(du)和(he)播(bo)(bo)(bo)撒均勻。
五、要有適(shi)當(dang)鎮(zhen)壓強度。為解(jie)決小麥免耕播種(zhong)苗(miao)床秸稈較多(duo)(duo),易(yi)透氣,不易(yi)保墑的(de)問題,免耕播種(zhong)機設置了鎮(zhen)壓器。播種(zhong)作業時,要根據土(tu)壤墑情調(diao)整鎮(zhen)壓強度。可通(tong)過改變鎮(zhen)壓輪兩(liang)側搖臂上(shang)限位銷的(de)位置,調(diao)整壓力,上(shang)限位銷下(xia)移越(yue)多(duo)(duo),鎮(zhen)壓力越(yue)大。