一、增韌劑有哪些種類

增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)能增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)膠黏劑(ji)(ji)(ji)膜層柔韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的物質，它(ta)的種類(lei)(lei)(lei)眾多，大(da)致可(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)以下(xia)三類(lei)(lei)(lei)：1、橡(xiang)膠類(lei)(lei)(lei)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)：該類(lei)(lei)(lei)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的品(pin)種主(zhu)要有(you)(you)液體聚(ju)(ju)(ju)硫橡(xiang)膠、液體丙烯(xi)(xi)酸酯(zhi)橡(xiang)膠、液體聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丁二烯(xi)(xi)橡(xiang)膠、丁腈橡(xiang)膠、乙丙橡(xiang)膠及丁苯橡(xiang)膠等。2、熱塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體類(lei)(lei)(lei)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)：熱塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體是(shi)(shi)一類(lei)(lei)(lei)在常溫(wen)下(xia)顯示(shi)橡(xiang)膠彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、在高溫(wen)下(xia)又能塑化成(cheng)(cheng)型的合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。因(yin)此，這類(lei)(lei)(lei)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)合(he)物兼有(you)(you)橡(xiang)膠和(he)(he)熱塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)的特點，它(ta)既(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以作(zuo)為(wei)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，又可(ke)(ke)(ke)以作(zuo)為(wei)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的基(ji)(ji)體材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。這類(lei)(lei)(lei)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)主(zhu)要包括聚(ju)(ju)(ju)氨酯(zhi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、苯乙烯(xi)(xi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、聚(ju)(ju)(ju)烯(xi)(xi)烴類(lei)(lei)(lei)、聚(ju)(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、間規(gui)1,2-聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丁二烯(xi)(xi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)酰胺類(lei)(lei)(lei)等產品(pin)，目前作(zuo)為(wei)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)得較多的是(shi)(shi)苯乙烯(xi)(xi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)烯(xi)(xi)烴類(lei)(lei)(lei)。3、其他(ta)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)：適用(yong)于復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的其它(ta)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)還(huan)有(you)(you)低分(fen)(fen)子聚(ju)(ju)(ju)酰胺和(he)(he)低分(fen)(fen)子的非(fei)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，如苯二甲酸酯(zhi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)。對于非(fei)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)也可(ke)(ke)(ke)稱為(wei)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，它(ta)不參與樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)的固(gu)化反(fan)(fan)應。除(chu)此之(zhi)外，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)按照有(you)(you)無活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，分(fen)(fen)為(wei)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)與非(fei)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)彈(dan)(dan)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)兩(liang)類(lei)(lei)(lei)：活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)指其分(fen)(fen)子鏈上含有(you)(you)能與基(ji)(ji)體樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)反(fan)(fan)應的活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)團，它(ta)能形成(cheng)(cheng)網絡結構(gou)，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)一部分(fen)(fen)柔性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鏈，從而提高復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的抗沖(chong)擊(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能。非(fei)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)則是(shi)(shi)一類(lei)(lei)(lei)與基(ji)(ji)體樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)很好相溶、但不參與化學反(fan)(fan)應的增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。

二、增韌劑是什么材料

增(zeng)韌(ren)劑，是(shi)(shi)指能(neng)(neng)增(zeng)加膠(jiao)黏劑膜層柔(rou)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)，具有(you)降低(di)復(fu)合材(cai)料脆性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和提高復(fu)合材(cai)料抗(kang)沖擊(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的作用，一(yi)(yi)般來(lai)說(shuo)，凡是(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)減低(di)脆性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，增(zeng)加韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而又不影響膠(jiao)黏劑其(qi)他(ta)主要性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)，即(ji)為增(zeng)韌(ren)劑。通常增(zeng)韌(ren)劑是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種單官能(neng)(neng)團(tuan)或(huo)多官能(neng)(neng)團(tuan)的物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)般都含有(you)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基團(tuan)，能(neng)(neng)與(yu)樹(shu)脂發生化(hua)學反應，固化(hua)后不完全相容，有(you)時還要分(fen)相，會獲得較(jiao)理想的增(zeng)韌(ren)效果，使熱變形溫(wen)度不變或(huo)下降甚微(wei)，而抗(kang)沖擊(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)又明顯改善。

三、增韌劑多少錢一公斤

市面上增韌劑的種類眾多，不同種類的增韌劑在成分、作用、添加比例等方面會有所區別，價格也會不同，除此之外，增韌劑的生產廠家、購買數量、所在地等因素也會影響到增韌劑的價格。增韌劑的價格一般從五六元每千克到十幾二十元每千克左右，貴的也有三四十元一千克的，如果批量采購的話，可以聯系廠家議價。購買增韌劑時，主要是要綜合考慮增韌劑的增韌效果、與塑料的相容性、添加劑量、有無副作用、性能、價格等方面，并注意選一個好的增韌劑品牌。

四、增韌劑的作用

增(zeng)韌劑(ji)(ji)，又叫塑料(liao)(liao)增(zeng)韌劑(ji)(ji)，是(shi)(shi)具有(you)降低(di)(di)復合材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)脆性(xing)(xing)和提高復合材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)抗沖(chong)擊(ji)性(xing)(xing)能的一類助劑(ji)(ji)，主要作用(yong)就是(shi)(shi)賦予(yu)塑料(liao)(liao)更(geng)好韌性(xing)(xing)。之(zhi)所以開發出塑料(liao)(liao)增(zeng)韌劑(ji)(ji)，是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為不少塑料(liao)(liao)在(zai)室溫(wen)下(xia)呈脆性(xing)(xing)，大(da)大(da)降低(di)(di)了(le)它的使用(yong)價值，加入增(zeng)韌劑(ji)(ji)之(zhi)后，能增(zeng)加塑料(liao)(liao)的柔軟(ruan)性(xing)(xing)、曲撓(nao)性(xing)(xing)、耐寒性(xing)(xing)和斷裂(lie)伸(shen)長率(lv)。降低(di)(di)塑料(liao)(liao)的硬(ying)度(du)、模量、玻璃化溫(wen)度(du)、熔點(dian)、軟(ruan)化溫(wen)度(du)或(huo)流動(dong)溫(wen)度(du)，使塑料(liao)(liao)的粘度(du)變(bian)小，流動(dong)性(xing)(xing)增(zeng)加，從而改善了(le)加工性(xing)(xing)能。

五、增韌劑和增塑劑的區別

1、存(cun)在(zai)形態(tai)不(bu)同(tong)：增(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)大(da)都(dou)是液體類型；增(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)劑(ji)大(da)都(dou)是粉體或者(zhe)顆粒。2、作用(yong)(yong)不(bu)同(tong)：增(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)是增(zeng)(zeng)加產品的(de)(de)可塑(su)(su)性(xing)；增(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)劑(ji)是降低復合材(cai)料脆性(xing)和提高(gao)復合材(cai)料抗沖擊性(xing)能。3、是否參(can)加固(gu)化(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)：增(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)增(zeng)(zeng)加膠層(ceng)的(de)(de)柔韌(ren)性(xing)，提高(gao)膠層(ceng)的(de)(de)沖擊韌(ren)性(xing)，改善黏(nian)合劑(ji)的(de)(de)流動性(xing)。它不(bu)參(can)與固(gu)化(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)，通(tong)(tong)常不(bu)超過20%。如鄰苯(ben)(ben)二甲酸(suan)二丁酯、磷酸(suan)三苯(ben)(ben)酯等(deng)。增(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)劑(ji)通(tong)(tong)過參(can)加固(gu)化(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)，通(tong)(tong)常不(bu)超過20%。如鄰苯(ben)(ben)二甲酸(suan)二丁酯、磷酸(suan)三苯(ben)(ben)酯等(deng)。增(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)劑(ji)通(tong)(tong)過參(can)加固(gu)化(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)，從面改善膠層(ceng)的(de)(de)彈性(xing)。如低分(fen)聚酰胺、聚硫橡(xiang)膠等(deng)。