一、電子變壓器的工作原理

電(dian)(dian)(dian)子變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原理(li)基于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)感應(ying)定律和能量守(shou)恒定律。當輸入端施加交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時，初級(ji)繞組中產(chan)生(sheng)交(jiao)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)鐵芯(xin)中產(chan)生(sheng)交(jiao)變(bian)(bian)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)原、副繞組在(zai)同一個(ge)鐵芯(xin)上(shang)，所以當磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)穿過副繞組時，便在(zai)副邊產(chan)生(sheng)感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，即(ji)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。這個(ge)感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小與磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化率成正比，而(er)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化率又與輸入輸出端的(de)(de)(de)(de)匝數比成正比。因此，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過改變(bian)(bian)輸入輸出端的(de)(de)(de)(de)匝數比，可以實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)換。

二、電子變壓器怎么測量好壞

1、觀察外觀

首(shou)先檢查電子變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)外觀，觀看是(shi)否(fou)有明顯(xian)的(de)裂紋、變(bian)(bian)形、銹跡(ji)、漏油等情況。如(ru)果發現外觀存在以(yi)上問題，則(ze)說明電子變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器很可(ke)能已經損壞(huai)。

2、測量電壓

使(shi)用萬(wan)用表(biao)或數字萬(wan)用表(biao)來測量輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)大小。正(zheng)確的(de)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)該是標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)正(zheng)負(fu)5%以內(nei)，對于大功率的(de)電(dian)(dian)子變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)，則容許正(zheng)負(fu)10%的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)誤(wu)差。如(ru)果(guo)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相差較大，則說明電(dian)(dian)子變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)可能損壞。

3、測量電阻

使用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表或數字萬(wan)用(yong)表測(ce)量(liang)二次線(xian)圈、出線(xian)等的(de)電阻值(zhi)，測(ce)量(liang)結果應該與規(gui)格書(shu)中的(de)數據相(xiang)符。如果測(ce)量(liang)值(zhi)超(chao)過規(gui)格書(shu)中的(de)允許差別，說明電子變壓器可能存在故障。

4、查看短路

將電(dian)子(zi)變壓器的(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)和輸(shu)(shu)出兩端進(jin)行短路，通常應(ying)該能聽(ting)到一聲(sheng)明顯的(de)“卡嗒(da)”響聲(sheng)。如果(guo)沒有聲(sheng)音，說明可能存在短路問題，導(dao)致電(dian)子(zi)變壓器損壞。

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