1、發動機效率:電動機的效率比汽油機高
電動機的電能來源同樣是化石燃料,一款汽車是否節能,其實是在談論它的發動機效率,將燃料/能量來源轉換成機械(xie)能的效率。汽(qi)、柴油(you)機(ji)理論(lun)最高效率(lv)50%,實(shi)際只有30-40%,電動機理論最(zui)高效率88%,實(shi)際使用效率超過60%。
2、行駛效率:在城市道路行駛中,電動汽車效(xiao)率更有優勢
電動汽車是速度越低(di)越省電,基本符合能耗趨(qu)勢,大(da)部(bu)分汽、柴油車的經(jing)濟時速在60-100公里(li)之間。
3、能量轉換:電動車電池(chi)得(de)到的(de)電能(neng)(neng)經多次轉換,更不(bu)節能(neng)(neng)?
汽(qi)、柴油(you)(you)車和電動(dong)汽(qi)車,所用的(de)(de)能(neng)源(yuan)形態(tai),都是從油(you)(you)井經歷復雜的(de)(de)轉換和傳輸過(guo)程,不(bu)能(neng)簡單判斷(duan)哪個(ge)更環保(bao)。
4、性能油耗:高性能和普通性能電動汽車油耗沒有顯著差異
為了維持超大排量發動機的氣缸運轉,高性能跑車即使在低負荷運行條件下也肯定比小排量汽車損耗的燃油多許多。電(dian)(dian)動機具(ju)有(you)“需要(yao)多(duo)少電(dian)(dian)力(li)就(jiu)輸出多(duo)少功率”的特(te)點,無論是高性能電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)還是家用電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che),它們在低負荷運行下(xia)耗電(dian)(dian)量不會有(you)明顯(xian)差異。
總結:純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車目(mu)前(qian)還有(you)續(xu)航(hang)里(li)程(cheng)偏短(duan)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間長(chang)等(deng)弊端,目(mu)前(qian)大部分國(guo)家充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施都不完善,一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力耗盡(jin)會很尷(gan)尬。而插電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式混合動(dong)力車在短(duan)距離行(xing)駛,如(ru)上(shang)下(xia)班時,其100公里(li)左(zuo)右(you)的(de)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)模式續(xu)航(hang)里(li)程(cheng)已經(jing)足夠。而在長(chang)途(tu)旅行(xing)等(deng)必要(yao)情況下(xia),還可以繼(ji)續(xu)使用汽油。因此(ci)插電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式混動(dong)車在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備完善前(qian)是一種良(liang)好的(de)過渡車型。另外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車雖然節能(neng),但要(yao)做到(dao)更(geng)環(huan)保,需要(yao)更(geng)高(gao)效(xiao)低(di)污(wu)染的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池技術(shu)。目(mu)前(qian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量更(geng)高(gao)、對環(huan)境影響更(geng)小的(de)鋰空氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和鎂離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池都在研發中,未來如(ru)果有(you)所突破,無疑能(neng)讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車更(geng)加環(huan)保。