一、電動車控制器的工作原理
電(dian)動車控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器的基本原理是(shi)(shi)在(zai)電(dian)池電(dian)壓基本恒定的條件下,采(cai)用斷續供(gong)電(dian)的方(fang)法(fa),改變電(dian)機(ji)(ji)供(gong)電(dian)電(dian)壓的平(ping)均值,來(lai)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)速度、電(dian)流(liu)的大小。使得電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的運(yun)轉符(fu)合控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu),目前主要采(cai)取的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)PWM脈(mo)寬(kuan)調制(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)理(注:在(zai)所需的時(shi)間內,將直流(liu)電(dian)壓調制(zhi)(zhi)成等幅不等寬(kuan)的系列電(dian)壓脈(mo)沖(chong),以(yi)達(da)到控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)頻率(lv)、電(dian)壓、電(dian)流(liu)的目的)。
電(dian)動(dong)車控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)是借(jie)助 PWM 電(dian)路來(lai)控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)機(ji)輸(shu)出功率的(de),實現開(kai)關調(diao)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)是高頻(pin)(pin)開(kai)關功率器(qi)件(jian) MOS 管,用(yong)它(ta)來(lai)做(zuo)執行高頻(pin)(pin)斬波斷續供(gong)電(dian)的(de)開(kai)關,從而有效地解(jie)決了電(dian)機(ji)的(de)速度和電(dian)流的(de)操控性。
二、電動車控制器怎么接線
1、找到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正負(fu)極(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)門鎖(suo)線:正極(ji)指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢)較(jiao)高的(de)一端(duan);負(fu)極(ji)指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢)較(jiao)低的(de)一端(duan)。所以我們(men)用萬用表就(jiu)可(ke)以找到(dao)正負(fu)極(ji),先打直(zhi)流檔上,看(kan)那個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)較(jiao)高較(jiao)低就(jiu)可(ke)以區分開來了。
2、連接電源線(xian)(xian)(xian)和電門鎖線(xian)(xian)(xian):粗(cu)黑線(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)電瓶負極粗(cu)紅線(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)電瓶正(zheng)極在這(zhe)兩根(gen)線(xian)(xian)(xian)旁邊有根(gen)細紅線(xian)(xian)(xian),為(wei)電門鎖線(xian)(xian)(xian)。正(zheng)確(que)的方法是(shi)找到(dao)鎖線(xian)(xian)(xian),把(ba)那兩根(gen)正(zheng)負極線(xian)(xian)(xian)直(zhi)接接鎖上。接線(xian)(xian)(xian)的時候要仔細的檢查(cha)一下,車(che)體到(dao)控制器的線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)里是(shi)否還有其(qi)他的正(zheng)極線(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)由鎖控制的。
3、對接白色(se)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)線:接之前先把反轉(zhuan)線拔開,如果(guo)反轉(zhuan)線已經反拔開,就把電機正(zheng)轉(zhuan)后(hou)拔開學(xue)(xue)習(xi)線即可(ke)。
4、測(ce)試霍(huo)(huo)爾(er)好(hao)壞的(de)方法:霍(huo)(huo)爾(er)面向自己(ji)(印章面),管腳向下(xia),從左到(dao)(dao)右分別為:正極(ji)(ji)(開關霍(huo)(huo)爾(er)4.5V到(dao)(dao)24V,線性霍(huo)(huo)爾(er)5V)、負(fu)極(ji)(ji)、輸(shu)岀(信號),在正極(ji)(ji)和(he)輸(shu)出接電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(1到(dao)(dao)10K)。在負(fu)極(ji)(ji)和(he)輸(shu)出間接一個發(fa)光二極(ji)(ji)管,用萬(wan)用表測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),高電(dian)(dian)(dian)平等于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)平約等于(yu)零。接電(dian)(dian)(dian)后用磁(ci)鐵靠近(jin)或遠離霍(huo)(huo)爾(er)可(ke)以看到(dao)(dao)發(fa)光二極(ji)(ji)管是否發(fa)光變化(hua)。如(ru)有變化(hua)就好(hao)的(de),沒變化(hua)就是壞的(de)。
5、接儀表(biao)線和找(zhao)(zhao)出(chu)轉把線:一般轉把線是(shi)(shi)(shi)紅(hong)(hong)黑藍(lan)、剎車(che)線是(shi)(shi)(shi)棕色(se)(se)(se)(se)或白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)。轉把線比較好找(zhao)(zhao),在(zai)線束末端找(zhao)(zhao)3極插頭的(de)端子,有(you)(you)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)、黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)、藍(lan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)的(de)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)轉把線;剎車(che)信號線是(shi)(shi)(shi)2極插頭,一般是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)棕色(se)(se)(se)(se)和黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)的(de)。對著顏色(se)(se)(se)(se)就可以找(zhao)(zhao)到(dao)了,實在(zai)找(zhao)(zhao)不到(dao)可以用(yong)萬用(yong)表(biao)測(ce)量。
6、接剎車斷電線:剎車線一般是單獨一根紫色的,同時還有紫色和黑色一起的。有些品牌電動車控制器后面(mian)有兩根剎(cha)車斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian),只要(yao)把這兩個剎(cha)車斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)搭在一起就(jiu)會使車子(zi)出現斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),前(qian)面(mian)的(de)剎(cha)車把也有想通(tong)的(de)兩個斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian),和(he)后面(mian)控制器的(de)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)是相(xiang)通(tong)的(de),你只要(yao)把后面(mian)的(de)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)接到前(qian)面(mian)的(de)剎(cha)車斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)上(shang)久可以了。
7、自學習的啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong):電(dian)路一接通會很快加(jia)速(su)(su)起來,啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)后(hou)(hou)一定要緩慢扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)速(su)(su)度控制(zhi)閥,然后(hou)(hou)拔開學習線。
三、電動車控制器怎么保養
1、電動車控制器首先要注意防水
盡量不讓控制(zhi)器(qi)淋(lin)雨,安裝時裝在(zai)座筒,駕駛室內,或者(zhe)安裝在(zai)離地(di)高的地(di)方,防止(zhi)雨天浸(jin)水。平(ping)時要(yao)注意控制(zhi)器(qi)外(wai)表清潔,這樣有(you)利(li)于散熱,控制(zhi)器(qi)使(shi)用壽命就會延長。
2、控制器引線插頭要保持清潔
這一點(dian)也是影(ying)響控(kong)制器的薄弱環(huan)節,當控(kong)制器引線接插頭收到污染的雨水(shui)浸泡后,要及時用清(qing)水(shui)或酒精清(qing)洗,避(bi)免氧(yang)化(hua)銹蝕,防(fang)止造(zao)成接茬不實而使控(kong)制器失(shi)效(xiao)。
3、控制器不可長時間超負荷運行
時間(jian)久了容易使(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)器內(nei)部(bu)元件老化,控(kong)制(zhi)器性能(neng)降低(di),造車車子騎行噪音大動力不(bu)足。
4、在剎車時要注意盡量輕緩
動作過大(da)或者(zhe)剎車頻(pin)繁都會(hui)對電動車控(kong)制器(qi)造成(cheng)損(sun)壞,也影響騎行安全,尤其是在雨雪天,剎車需要謹慎(shen),且剎且珍惜。