一、什么是電磁閥
電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業設備,是用來控制流體的自動化基礎元件,屬于執行器,并不限于液壓、氣動。用在工業控制系統中調整介質的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數。品牌電磁閥可以配合不同(tong)的電路來實現預期的控制,而(er)控制的精度和靈活(huo)性都(dou)能夠保證。
二、電磁閥工作原理
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)里有(you)密(mi)閉的(de)(de)腔(qiang),在不同位(wei)置(zhi)開有(you)通(tong)孔,每個孔連接(jie)不同的(de)(de)油(you)(you)管(guan),腔(qiang)中間(jian)是活塞(sai)(sai),兩面(mian)是兩塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁鐵,哪(na)面(mian)的(de)(de)磁鐵線圈通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閥(fa)體就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)被吸引到(dao)哪(na)邊,通(tong)過控制閥(fa)體的(de)(de)移動來開啟或關閉不同的(de)(de)排油(you)(you)孔,而(er)進油(you)(you)孔是常(chang)開的(de)(de),液壓油(you)(you)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)進入不同的(de)(de)排油(you)(you)管(guan),然后(hou)通(tong)過油(you)(you)的(de)(de)壓力來推(tui)動油(you)(you)缸的(de)(de)活塞(sai)(sai),活塞(sai)(sai)又帶(dai)動活塞(sai)(sai)桿,活塞(sai)(sai)桿帶(dai)動機(ji)械(xie)裝置(zhi)。這樣通(tong)過控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁鐵的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)斷就(jiu)(jiu)控制了機(ji)械(xie)運動。
三、電磁閥有幾種類型
1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類:
(1)直動式電磁閥
原理(li):通電(dian)時,電(dian)磁線圈產生電(dian)磁力把(ba)關(guan)閉件從(cong)閥座(zuo)上提起(qi),閥門打開;斷電(dian)時,電(dian)磁力消(xiao)失(shi),彈簧(huang)把(ba)關(guan)閉件壓在(zai)閥座(zuo)上,閥門關(guan)閉。
特點:在真空、負(fu)壓(ya)(ya)、零(ling)壓(ya)(ya)時能正常工作,但通(tong)徑一般不超過25mm。
(2)分步直動式電磁閥
原(yuan)(yuan)理:它是一種直動(dong)和(he)先(xian)導(dao)(dao)式相結合的原(yuan)(yuan)理,當(dang)入口與(yu)出(chu)口沒有壓(ya)差(cha)時,通電(dian)后,電(dian)磁力直接把(ba)先(xian)導(dao)(dao)小(xiao)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)主閥(fa)(fa)(fa)關(guan)(guan)閉件依(yi)次(ci)向上提起(qi),閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)打開(kai)。當(dang)入口與(yu)出(chu)口達到啟動(dong)壓(ya)差(cha)時,通電(dian)后,電(dian)磁力先(xian)導(dao)(dao)小(xiao)閥(fa)(fa)(fa),主閥(fa)(fa)(fa)下腔壓(ya)力上升,上腔壓(ya)力下降(jiang),從(cong)而利用壓(ya)差(cha)把(ba)主閥(fa)(fa)(fa)向上推開(kai);斷(duan)電(dian)時,先(xian)導(dao)(dao)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)利用彈簧(huang)力或(huo)介(jie)質(zhi)壓(ya)力推動(dong)關(guan)(guan)閉件,向下移動(dong),使閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)關(guan)(guan)閉。
特(te)點:在零壓差或真空、高壓時亦能可動作,但功(gong)率較大,要求必(bi)須(xu)水(shui)平安裝。
(3)先導式電磁閥
原理:通(tong)電時,電磁力(li)(li)把先導孔(kong)打(da)(da)開,上(shang)(shang)腔室(shi)壓力(li)(li)迅速下降,在關(guan) 閉(bi)件(jian)(jian)周圍(wei)形成(cheng)上(shang)(shang)低下高的壓差(cha),流體(ti)(ti)壓力(li)(li)推動(dong)(dong)關(guan)閉(bi)件(jian)(jian)向上(shang)(shang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong),閥(fa)門(men)打(da)(da)開;斷電時,彈簧(huang)力(li)(li)把先導孔(kong)關(guan)閉(bi),入口壓力(li)(li)通(tong)過(guo)旁通(tong)孔(kong)迅速腔室(shi)在關(guan)閥(fa)件(jian)(jian)周圍(wei)形成(cheng)下低上(shang)(shang)高的壓差(cha),流體(ti)(ti)壓力(li)(li)推動(dong)(dong)關(guan)閉(bi)件(jian)(jian)向下移(yi)動(dong)(dong),關(guan)閉(bi)閥(fa)門(men)。
特點:流體壓(ya)力范圍上(shang)限較高,可任意安裝(需定制)但(dan)必須(xu)滿足流體壓(ya)差條件。
2、電磁閥從閥結構和材料上的不同與原理上的區別,分為六個分支小類:直動膜片結構(gou)、分步(bu)(bu)直動膜片結構(gou)、先導膜片結構(gou)、直動活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)結構(gou)、分步(bu)(bu)直動活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)結構(gou)、先導活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)結構(gou)。
3、電磁閥按照功能分類:水用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸(zheng)汽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、制(zhi)冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、低(di)溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、消防電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、微型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、常開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、油(you)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、防爆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)等。