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電磁閥行業簡介

一、什么是電磁閥

電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業設備，是用來控制流體的自動化基礎元件，屬于執行器，并不限于液壓、氣動。用在工業控制系統中調整介質的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數。品牌電磁閥可(ke)以(yi)配合(he)不同(tong)的(de)電(dian)路(lu)來實現預期的(de)控制，而控制的(de)精度和靈活性都能夠保證(zheng)。

二、電磁閥工作原理

電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥里有(you)密閉的腔，在不同位置(zhi)開(kai)有(you)通(tong)(tong)(tong)孔(kong)(kong)，每個孔(kong)(kong)連接不同的油(you)(you)管，腔中(zhong)間(jian)是活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)，兩(liang)面是兩(liang)塊(kuai)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵，哪面的磁(ci)鐵線圈通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)閥體就會(hui)被吸引到哪邊(bian)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過控制閥體的移(yi)動來(lai)開(kai)啟或關(guan)閉不同的排油(you)(you)孔(kong)(kong)，而進油(you)(you)孔(kong)(kong)是常開(kai)的，液壓油(you)(you)就會(hui)進入不同的排油(you)(you)管，然后通(tong)(tong)(tong)過油(you)(you)的壓力(li)來(lai)推動油(you)(you)缸(gang)的活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)又帶(dai)(dai)動活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿帶(dai)(dai)動機(ji)械裝置(zhi)。這樣通(tong)(tong)(tong)過控制電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵的電(dian)(dian)流通(tong)(tong)(tong)斷就控制了機(ji)械運(yun)動。

三、電磁閥有幾種類型

1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類：

（1）直動式電磁閥

原理：通(tong)電(dian)時，電(dian)磁(ci)線圈產(chan)生電(dian)磁(ci)力把關(guan)閉(bi)件(jian)從(cong)閥(fa)座(zuo)上(shang)提起，閥(fa)門打開；斷電(dian)時，電(dian)磁(ci)力消(xiao)失，彈簧把關(guan)閉(bi)件(jian)壓在閥(fa)座(zuo)上(shang)，閥(fa)門關(guan)閉(bi)。

特點：在真空、負壓、零壓時能正常工作，但通徑一般不(bu)超過25mm。

（2）分步直動式電磁閥

原(yuan)理(li)：它是一種(zhong)直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)先(xian)(xian)導式相結(jie)合(he)的原(yuan)理(li)，當(dang)入(ru)口與出(chu)口沒(mei)有壓差時，通電(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力直(zhi)接(jie)把先(xian)(xian)導小(xiao)閥和(he)主(zhu)閥關(guan)(guan)閉件依(yi)次向(xiang)上提起，閥門打(da)開。當(dang)入(ru)口與出(chu)口達(da)到(dao)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)壓差時，通電(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力先(xian)(xian)導小(xiao)閥，主(zhu)閥下腔壓力上升，上腔壓力下降(jiang)，從而利(li)用(yong)壓差把主(zhu)閥向(xiang)上推開；斷電(dian)(dian)時，先(xian)(xian)導閥利(li)用(yong)彈簧力或(huo)介質(zhi)壓力推動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)閉件，向(xiang)下移動(dong)(dong)(dong)，使(shi)閥門關(guan)(guan)閉。

特點：在零壓(ya)差(cha)或真空、高(gao)壓(ya)時亦(yi)能可動(dong)作，但(dan)功率(lv)較大，要求必須(xu)水平安(an)裝。

（3）先導式電磁閥

原理：通電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)磁力(li)把先導(dao)孔(kong)打開，上腔(qiang)室壓(ya)力(li)迅速(su)下(xia)降，在關(guan)(guan) 閉(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)件(jian)(jian)周(zhou)圍形(xing)成上低下(xia)高的壓(ya)差，流體壓(ya)力(li)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)件(jian)(jian)向(xiang)上移動(dong)(dong)，閥門(men)打開；斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)時，彈簧力(li)把先導(dao)孔(kong)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，入口壓(ya)力(li)通過旁通孔(kong)迅速(su)腔(qiang)室在關(guan)(guan)閥件(jian)(jian)周(zhou)圍形(xing)成下(xia)低上高的壓(ya)差，流體壓(ya)力(li)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)件(jian)(jian)向(xiang)下(xia)移動(dong)(dong)，關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)閥門(men)。

特點：流體(ti)壓力(li)范圍上限較高，可任(ren)意安(an)裝（需(xu)定制）但必須滿足流體(ti)壓差(cha)條件。

2、電磁閥從閥結構和材料上的不同與原理上的區別，分為六個分支小類：直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)膜(mo)片(pian)結構(gou)(gou)、分(fen)步(bu)直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)膜(mo)片(pian)結構(gou)(gou)、先導膜(mo)片(pian)結構(gou)(gou)、直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)活(huo)塞(sai)結構(gou)(gou)、分(fen)步(bu)直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)活(huo)塞(sai)結構(gou)(gou)、先導活(huo)塞(sai)結構(gou)(gou)。

3、電磁閥按照功能分類：水用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸汽(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、制冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、消防(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣(qi)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液體電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、常開電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、油用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、防(fang)爆電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)等。