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一、什么是電磁閥

電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業設備，是用來控制流體的自動化基礎元件，屬于執行器，并不限于液壓、氣動。用在工業控制系統中調整介質的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數。品牌電磁閥可以配合不同的(de)(de)電路來實現預期的(de)(de)控制，而控制的(de)(de)精(jing)度和靈(ling)活性都能夠保(bao)證。

二、電磁閥工作原理

電磁閥里有密閉的(de)腔(qiang)，在不(bu)同位置(zhi)開(kai)有通(tong)孔(kong)，每個孔(kong)連接不(bu)同的(de)油(you)管，腔(qiang)中(zhong)間(jian)是活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)，兩(liang)面是兩(liang)塊電磁鐵，哪(na)面的(de)磁鐵線圈通(tong)電閥體就(jiu)會被(bei)吸引到哪(na)邊，通(tong)過控制閥體的(de)移(yi)動來(lai)開(kai)啟或關(guan)閉不(bu)同的(de)排(pai)油(you)孔(kong)，而進(jin)油(you)孔(kong)是常開(kai)的(de)，液壓(ya)(ya)油(you)就(jiu)會進(jin)入不(bu)同的(de)排(pai)油(you)管，然(ran)后通(tong)過油(you)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)力來(lai)推動油(you)缸的(de)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)又帶(dai)動活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿帶(dai)動機(ji)械裝置(zhi)。這(zhe)樣通(tong)過控制電磁鐵的(de)電流通(tong)斷就(jiu)控制了機(ji)械運動。

三、電磁閥有幾種類型

1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類：

（1）直動式電磁閥

原理：通電(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)磁線圈產(chan)生電(dian)磁力(li)把(ba)關閉件從閥(fa)座(zuo)上(shang)提起，閥(fa)門(men)打開(kai)；斷電(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)磁力(li)消失(shi)，彈(dan)簧把(ba)關閉件壓(ya)在閥(fa)座(zuo)上(shang)，閥(fa)門(men)關閉。

特點：在(zai)真空、負壓、零(ling)壓時能正常工(gong)作，但通徑一般不超(chao)過(guo)25mm。

（2）分步直動式電磁閥

原(yuan)理：它(ta)是一(yi)種直動和(he)先導式相(xiang)結合的(de)原(yuan)理，當入口與(yu)出口沒有壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)時，通電(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)磁力(li)直接把(ba)先導小閥(fa)(fa)和(he)主(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)關閉(bi)件(jian)(jian)依次向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)提起，閥(fa)(fa)門(men)打開。當入口與(yu)出口達到啟動壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)時，通電(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)磁力(li)先導小閥(fa)(fa)，主(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)下腔壓(ya)力(li)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)腔壓(ya)力(li)下降(jiang)，從而利(li)用(yong)壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)把(ba)主(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)推開；斷電(dian)(dian)時，先導閥(fa)(fa)利(li)用(yong)彈簧力(li)或介質壓(ya)力(li)推動關閉(bi)件(jian)(jian)，向(xiang)(xiang)下移(yi)動，使閥(fa)(fa)門(men)關閉(bi)。

特點：在零壓差或(huo)真空、高壓時(shi)亦能可動作，但功率(lv)較(jiao)大，要求(qiu)必須水平安裝(zhuang)。

（3）先導式電磁閥

原理：通電時(shi)，電磁力把(ba)先(xian)導(dao)孔打(da)開，上腔(qiang)室(shi)壓力迅速下(xia)降，在關(guan) 閉(bi)件(jian)周(zhou)圍形成(cheng)上低(di)下(xia)高的壓差，流(liu)體(ti)(ti)壓力推動關(guan)閉(bi)件(jian)向上移(yi)動，閥(fa)門打(da)開；斷電時(shi)，彈簧力把(ba)先(xian)導(dao)孔關(guan)閉(bi)，入口壓力通過(guo)旁(pang)通孔迅速腔(qiang)室(shi)在關(guan)閥(fa)件(jian)周(zhou)圍形成(cheng)下(xia)低(di)上高的壓差，流(liu)體(ti)(ti)壓力推動關(guan)閉(bi)件(jian)向下(xia)移(yi)動，關(guan)閉(bi)閥(fa)門。

特點(dian)：流體(ti)壓(ya)(ya)力范圍上限較高(gao)，可任意(yi)安裝（需定制(zhi)）但(dan)必須滿足(zu)流體(ti)壓(ya)(ya)差條件。

2、電磁閥從閥結構和材料上的不同與原理上的區別，分為六個分支小類：直(zhi)動膜(mo)片(pian)結(jie)構、分步(bu)直(zhi)動膜(mo)片(pian)結(jie)構、先(xian)導膜(mo)片(pian)結(jie)構、直(zhi)動活塞(sai)結(jie)構、分步(bu)直(zhi)動活塞(sai)結(jie)構、先(xian)導活塞(sai)結(jie)構。

3、電磁閥按照功能分類：水(shui)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、蒸汽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、制(zhi)冷(leng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、燃氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、消(xiao)防(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、氨用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、氣體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、液(ye)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、微型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、液(ye)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、常開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、油(you)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、防(fang)爆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)等(deng)。