一、什么是電磁閥
電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業設備,是用來控制流體的自動化基礎元件,屬于執行器,并不限于液壓、氣動。用在工業控制系統中調整介質的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數。品牌電磁閥可以配合不同的(de)電路來實(shi)現(xian)預期的(de)控(kong)制,而控(kong)制的(de)精度和靈(ling)活(huo)性都能夠保(bao)證(zheng)。
二、電磁閥工作原理
電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)里有(you)密(mi)閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)腔(qiang),在不(bu)同位(wei)置(zhi)開(kai)有(you)通(tong)孔(kong)(kong),每個(ge)孔(kong)(kong)連接不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)管,腔(qiang)中間是活(huo)塞(sai)(sai),兩面是兩塊電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵,哪面的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)鐵線圈通(tong)電(dian)(dian)閥(fa)體就(jiu)會(hui)被吸引到(dao)哪邊,通(tong)過控(kong)制閥(fa)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)來開(kai)啟(qi)或關閉不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)排油(you)孔(kong)(kong),而進(jin)油(you)孔(kong)(kong)是常開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de),液壓(ya)油(you)就(jiu)會(hui)進(jin)入不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)排油(you)管,然后通(tong)過油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力來推動(dong)(dong)(dong)油(you)缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)塞(sai)(sai),活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)又帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)桿,活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)桿帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機械(xie)裝置(zhi)。這樣通(tong)過控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流通(tong)斷就(jiu)控(kong)制了機械(xie)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)。
三、電磁閥有幾種類型
1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類:
(1)直動式電磁閥
原理:通電(dian)(dian)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)線圈產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)力(li)把關閉件從閥(fa)(fa)座(zuo)上提起,閥(fa)(fa)門打開;斷電(dian)(dian)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)力(li)消失,彈(dan)簧把關閉件壓在閥(fa)(fa)座(zuo)上,閥(fa)(fa)門關閉。
特(te)點:在真空、負壓(ya)、零壓(ya)時能(neng)正常工作,但通徑一般不超(chao)過25mm。
(2)分步直動式電磁閥
原理(li):它是(shi)一種直(zhi)動(dong)和(he)(he)先導(dao)(dao)式(shi)相結合(he)的(de)原理(li),當入口(kou)與出口(kou)沒有壓差(cha)時,通電(dian)后,電(dian)磁力(li)(li)直(zhi)接(jie)把先導(dao)(dao)小閥(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)關(guan)閉件依次向(xiang)上提起(qi),閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門打開(kai)。當入口(kou)與出口(kou)達到啟(qi)動(dong)壓差(cha)時,通電(dian)后,電(dian)磁力(li)(li)先導(dao)(dao)小閥(fa)(fa)(fa),主(zhu)(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)下(xia)腔壓力(li)(li)上升,上腔壓力(li)(li)下(xia)降,從(cong)而(er)利用壓差(cha)把主(zhu)(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)向(xiang)上推開(kai);斷電(dian)時,先導(dao)(dao)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)利用彈簧力(li)(li)或介質壓力(li)(li)推動(dong)關(guan)閉件,向(xiang)下(xia)移(yi)動(dong),使閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門關(guan)閉。
特點:在零壓(ya)差或真空、高壓(ya)時亦能可動作,但功率(lv)較大,要求(qiu)必(bi)須(xu)水平安(an)裝(zhuang)。
(3)先導式電磁閥
原(yuan)理:通電時(shi),電磁力(li)(li)把(ba)先導孔(kong)打(da)開,上腔室壓力(li)(li)迅(xun)速下降,在關(guan)(guan)(guan) 閉(bi)件(jian)周圍形(xing)成上低下高(gao)的(de)壓差,流體(ti)壓力(li)(li)推動關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)件(jian)向上移動,閥(fa)門(men)(men)打(da)開;斷電時(shi),彈簧力(li)(li)把(ba)先導孔(kong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi),入口壓力(li)(li)通過旁通孔(kong)迅(xun)速腔室在關(guan)(guan)(guan)閥(fa)件(jian)周圍形(xing)成下低上高(gao)的(de)壓差,流體(ti)壓力(li)(li)推動關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)件(jian)向下移動,關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)閥(fa)門(men)(men)。
特點:流體壓(ya)力范(fan)圍上限較高,可任意安裝(zhuang)(需定(ding)制)但必須滿足(zu)流體壓(ya)差條件。
2、電磁閥從閥結構和材料上的不同與原理上的區別,分為六個分支小類:直動(dong)膜片(pian)結構、分步直動(dong)膜片(pian)結構、先(xian)導(dao)膜片(pian)結構、直動(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞結構、分步直動(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞結構、先(xian)導(dao)活(huo)(huo)塞結構。
3、電磁閥按照功能分類:水用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸汽(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、制冷(leng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、消防電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、微(wei)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、常開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、油用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、防爆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)。