一、什么是電磁閥
電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業設備,是用來控制流體的自動化基礎元件,屬于執行器,并不限于液壓、氣動。用在工業控制系統中調整介質的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數。品牌電磁閥可以配合不同的電路(lu)來實(shi)現(xian)預(yu)期(qi)的控制,而控制的精(jing)度和(he)靈(ling)活性都能(neng)夠保證。
二、電磁閥工作原理
電(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)里有密閉的(de)(de)腔(qiang),在不同(tong)(tong)位置開有通孔(kong),每個(ge)孔(kong)連(lian)接不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)油管,腔(qiang)中間是(shi)活塞(sai),兩面是(shi)兩塊電(dian)(dian)磁鐵(tie)(tie),哪面的(de)(de)磁鐵(tie)(tie)線圈通電(dian)(dian)閥(fa)(fa)體就會(hui)被吸引到哪邊(bian),通過控(kong)制(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)體的(de)(de)移(yi)動(dong)來(lai)開啟或關閉不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)排油孔(kong),而進油孔(kong)是(shi)常(chang)開的(de)(de),液壓油就會(hui)進入(ru)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)排油管,然(ran)后(hou)通過油的(de)(de)壓力來(lai)推(tui)動(dong)油缸的(de)(de)活塞(sai),活塞(sai)又帶動(dong)活塞(sai)桿(gan)(gan),活塞(sai)桿(gan)(gan)帶動(dong)機(ji)械裝(zhuang)置。這樣通過控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)磁鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流通斷就控(kong)制(zhi)了機(ji)械運動(dong)。
三、電磁閥有幾種類型
1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類:
(1)直動式電磁閥
原理:通電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi),電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線圈產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力(li)把關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)件從閥(fa)(fa)座上提起,閥(fa)(fa)門(men)打(da)開;斷電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi),電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力(li)消(xiao)失,彈簧把關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)件壓(ya)在(zai)閥(fa)(fa)座上,閥(fa)(fa)門(men)關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)。
特點:在真(zhen)空、負壓(ya)、零壓(ya)時能正常(chang)工(gong)作,但通徑一般不超過25mm。
(2)分步直動式電磁閥
原理:它是一種(zhong)直動(dong)(dong)和先(xian)(xian)導(dao)式相結合的原理,當入口(kou)(kou)與出(chu)口(kou)(kou)沒有壓差(cha)時(shi),通電后(hou),電磁(ci)力(li)直接把先(xian)(xian)導(dao)小(xiao)閥(fa)和主(zhu)閥(fa)關(guan)閉(bi)件依次向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)提起(qi),閥(fa)門打(da)開。當入口(kou)(kou)與出(chu)口(kou)(kou)達到啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)壓差(cha)時(shi),通電后(hou),電磁(ci)力(li)先(xian)(xian)導(dao)小(xiao)閥(fa),主(zhu)閥(fa)下腔(qiang)壓力(li)上(shang)升,上(shang)腔(qiang)壓力(li)下降,從而(er)利用(yong)壓差(cha)把主(zhu)閥(fa)向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)推(tui)開;斷電時(shi),先(xian)(xian)導(dao)閥(fa)利用(yong)彈簧力(li)或介質(zhi)壓力(li)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)閉(bi)件,向(xiang)(xiang)下移動(dong)(dong),使閥(fa)門關(guan)閉(bi)。
特點:在零壓差或真空、高壓時亦能可動作,但功(gong)率較大,要求必須水平安裝(zhuang)。
(3)先導式電磁閥
原理:通電時,電磁力(li)(li)把先(xian)導孔(kong)打(da)開,上腔室壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)迅速下(xia)(xia)降,在關(guan)(guan) 閉(bi)件(jian)(jian)周圍形(xing)成上低(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)高的(de)壓(ya)(ya)差,流體(ti)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)件(jian)(jian)向(xiang)上移動(dong)(dong),閥(fa)門(men)打(da)開;斷電時,彈簧(huang)力(li)(li)把先(xian)導孔(kong)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi),入口壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)通過旁通孔(kong)迅速腔室在關(guan)(guan)閥(fa)件(jian)(jian)周圍形(xing)成下(xia)(xia)低(di)(di)上高的(de)壓(ya)(ya)差,流體(ti)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)件(jian)(jian)向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)移動(dong)(dong),關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)閥(fa)門(men)。
特點:流體(ti)壓力(li)范圍(wei)上限較高,可任意安裝(zhuang)(需定制)但必須滿足流體(ti)壓差條件。
2、電磁閥從閥結構和材料上的不同與原理上的區別,分為六個分支小類:直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)膜片結構、分步直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)膜片結構、先(xian)導膜片結構、直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)活(huo)塞結構、分步直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)活(huo)塞結構、先(xian)導活(huo)塞結構。
3、電磁閥按照功能分類:水(shui)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸汽電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、制冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、低(di)溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、消防電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣體電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、微型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、常開電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、油用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、防爆(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等。