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一、什么是電磁閥

電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業設備，是用來控制流體的自動化基礎元件，屬于執行器，并不限于液壓、氣動。用在工業控制系統中調整介質的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數。品牌電磁閥可以(yi)配合不同的(de)(de)電路來(lai)實(shi)現預期的(de)(de)控(kong)制，而控(kong)制的(de)(de)精度(du)和靈(ling)活(huo)性都能夠保證。

二、電磁閥工作原理

電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)里有密閉的(de)腔(qiang)，在不(bu)同(tong)位置(zhi)開有通(tong)孔(kong)，每(mei)個(ge)孔(kong)連接不(bu)同(tong)的(de)油(you)管(guan)，腔(qiang)中間是(shi)(shi)活(huo)(huo)塞，兩(liang)面是(shi)(shi)兩(liang)塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵，哪(na)面的(de)磁(ci)鐵線圈通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)閥(fa)體就會被吸引到哪(na)邊，通(tong)過控制(zhi)閥(fa)體的(de)移動(dong)(dong)來開啟或(huo)關閉不(bu)同(tong)的(de)排油(you)孔(kong)，而進油(you)孔(kong)是(shi)(shi)常開的(de)，液(ye)壓(ya)油(you)就會進入不(bu)同(tong)的(de)排油(you)管(guan)，然后通(tong)過油(you)的(de)壓(ya)力來推動(dong)(dong)油(you)缸(gang)的(de)活(huo)(huo)塞，活(huo)(huo)塞又帶動(dong)(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞桿(gan)，活(huo)(huo)塞桿(gan)帶動(dong)(dong)機械裝置(zhi)。這樣通(tong)過控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)斷就控制(zhi)了機械運動(dong)(dong)。

三、電磁閥有幾種類型

1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類：

（1）直動式電磁閥

原理：通電時，電磁線圈(quan)產生電磁力(li)(li)把關閉(bi)件(jian)從閥(fa)座上提起，閥(fa)門打開；斷電時，電磁力(li)(li)消失(shi)，彈簧把關閉(bi)件(jian)壓在閥(fa)座上，閥(fa)門關閉(bi)。

特點(dian)：在(zai)真空(kong)、負壓(ya)、零(ling)壓(ya)時能(neng)正常工(gong)作，但通徑一般不超過(guo)25mm。

（2）分步直動式電磁閥

原(yuan)(yuan)理：它是一種直動和先(xian)導(dao)式相結(jie)合的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)理，當(dang)(dang)入口與出口沒有壓(ya)(ya)差(cha)(cha)(cha)時，通(tong)(tong)電(dian)后，電(dian)磁力(li)(li)直接把先(xian)導(dao)小(xiao)閥(fa)(fa)和主(zhu)(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)關閉件(jian)依次向上提起，閥(fa)(fa)門(men)打開。當(dang)(dang)入口與出口達(da)到啟動壓(ya)(ya)差(cha)(cha)(cha)時，通(tong)(tong)電(dian)后，電(dian)磁力(li)(li)先(xian)導(dao)小(xiao)閥(fa)(fa)，主(zhu)(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)下(xia)腔壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)上升，上腔壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下(xia)降，從而利(li)用壓(ya)(ya)差(cha)(cha)(cha)把主(zhu)(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)向上推(tui)開；斷電(dian)時，先(xian)導(dao)閥(fa)(fa)利(li)用彈簧力(li)(li)或介質(zhi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)推(tui)動關閉件(jian)，向下(xia)移動，使閥(fa)(fa)門(men)關閉。

特點：在(zai)零壓(ya)差或真空(kong)、高壓(ya)時亦(yi)能可動作(zuo)，但(dan)功率較大，要(yao)求必須水(shui)平安(an)裝。

（3）先導式電磁閥

原理：通(tong)電時(shi)，電磁力(li)把先導孔(kong)打開，上腔(qiang)室壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)迅速(su)下(xia)(xia)降，在關(guan)(guan)(guan) 閉(bi)件(jian)(jian)周圍(wei)形(xing)成上低(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)高的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)差，流體壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)件(jian)(jian)向(xiang)上移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，閥(fa)(fa)門打開；斷電時(shi)，彈(dan)簧力(li)把先導孔(kong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)，入口壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)通(tong)過(guo)旁(pang)通(tong)孔(kong)迅速(su)腔(qiang)室在關(guan)(guan)(guan)閥(fa)(fa)件(jian)(jian)周圍(wei)形(xing)成下(xia)(xia)低(di)(di)上高的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)差，流體壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)件(jian)(jian)向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)閥(fa)(fa)門。

特(te)點：流(liu)體壓(ya)力范(fan)圍(wei)上限(xian)較高，可任意安裝（需定制）但必(bi)須滿足流(liu)體壓(ya)差(cha)條(tiao)件。

2、電磁閥從閥結構和材料上的不同與原理上的區別，分為六個分支小類：直(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)膜(mo)片(pian)結構(gou)(gou)、分(fen)步(bu)直(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)膜(mo)片(pian)結構(gou)(gou)、先導膜(mo)片(pian)結構(gou)(gou)、直(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)活塞(sai)結構(gou)(gou)、分(fen)步(bu)直(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)活塞(sai)結構(gou)(gou)、先導活塞(sai)結構(gou)(gou)。

3、電磁閥按照功能分類：水用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸(zheng)汽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、制(zhi)冷(leng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、消防(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣(qi)(qi)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、常開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、油用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、防(fang)爆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等。