簡介
建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)水(shui)文廟位于云南省紅河哈尼族(zu)彝(yi)族(zu)自治州西北部的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)水(shui)縣城內(nei),是一座(zuo)(zuo)全國屈指可數的(de)(de)大(da)(da)型(xing)文廟,始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于公元二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年(nian)(1285年(nian)),是云南省繼中慶(昆明)、大(da)(da)理之(zhi)后,最早創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)第(di)三(san)座(zuo)(zuo)廟宇。后經明、清兩代(dai)擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),占地達114畝,總(zong)體布局(ju)采用(yong)中軸對稱宮殿(dian)式(shi),仿(fang)照曲阜(fu)孔(kong)廟的(de)(de)格局(ju)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造,有1殿(dian)、2廡(wu)、2堂(tang)、2閣、5祠、8坊,是一組規模宏大(da)(da)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群。步(bu)入大(da)(da)門為肅穆的(de)(de)"太和元氣"坊,迎面為20余(yu)畝的(de)(de)"學海"(泮池),塘內(nei)碧波蕩漾,四(si)周柳(liu)絲輕(qing)拂,池中建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有思樂(le)亭(ting),左、右有"禮門"和"義路(lu)"。步(bu)人欞星門.有大(da)(da)成門、東西廡(wu)、大(da)(da)成殿(dian)、祟圣詞、明倫堂(tang)、尊經閣等建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。
大成殿建于明弘治年間,28棵(ke)(ke)(ke)柱支撐(cheng)全(quan)殿。前檐(yan)(yan)12棵(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)石(shi)(shi)拄,每棵(ke)(ke)(ke)高(gao)5米(mi),重(zhong)達5000公斤(jin),用整塊(kuai)大青石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)成。大門左右2棵(ke)(ke)(ke)檐(yan)(yan)柱雕(diao)(diao)巨龍(long)盤繞(rao),稱為(wei)"石(shi)(shi)龍(long)抱柱"。正面(mian)22扇格子(zi)門所雕(diao)(diao)飛(fei)禽走獸,形態(tai)各異.玻璃瓦的(de)屋頂,光彩奪目(mu)。廟宇(yu)周圍古柏森(sen)森(sen),顯(xian)得(de)莊嚴(yan)肅穆(mu),雄偉壯(zhuang)觀,有"金碧壯(zhuang)麗甲全(quan)滇"之(zhi)美譽,其規模僅次(ci)于山東,曲(qu)阜孔(kong)廟,為(wei)云南省重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保護單位。
民國時(shi)期編修的《機關報(bao)纂云南通志》記載:建水文廟(miao),是規模(mo)僅次(ci)于山東曲阜的文廟(miao)。
景區特色
整個廟宇,一片翠綠,古木蕭森,莊嚴肅穆。松、柏、竹、柳,千姿百(bai)態,各種花卉(hui)爭妍斗(dou)艷,四(si)時(shi)飄香。庭西有(you)兩株共生(sheng)樹,一為柏樹,一為榕樹。數(shu)百(bai)年(nian)的(de)風風雨雨,它們(men)已經緊緊纏(chan)在一起。有(you)人戲稱(cheng)為“萬將軍抱白(bai)小姐”。 建(jian)(jian)水(shui)城,為舊臨(lin)安(an)府所在地,元、明(ming)、清三代曾是滇(dian)南(nan)(nan)的(de)政(zheng)治、經濟和文(wen)化的(de)中心,加上文(wen)廟規模宏大,建(jian)(jian)筑精巧,素有(you)“滇(dian)南(nan)(nan)鄒魯”之稱(cheng)。早年(nian),當地利用文(wen)廟建(jian)(jian)立了(le)臨(lin)安(an)中學。現改為建(jian)(jian)水(shui)第一中學,并在文(wen)廟側新建(jian)(jian)了(le)許多教學樓(lou)。昔日孔廟圣地,如今(jin)成了(le)青(qing)少年(nian)學習之所。由于政(zheng)府和學校(xiao)注意保存古跡,至今(jin)文(wen)廟仍(reng)很(hen)完整(zheng)。
繞至泮池后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)唇(chun)臺上(shang)(shang)(shang),只見栩(xu)栩(xu)如生的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍、虎(hu)、麟、獅(shi)、象(xiang)巨石雕高距于坊(fang)(fang)座上(shang)(shang)(shang),拱衛著木(mu)構架的(de)(de)(de)(de)牌樓。四周(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壁畫上(shang)(shang)(shang)方(fang),用磚砌成斗(dou)拱樣,覆(fu)以(yi)碧瓦,與三(san)楹坊(fang)(fang)頂(ding)合成疊羅漢式的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)重檐歇山頂(ding),檐牙高啄,碧瓦飛翹,與“太(tai)和元(yuan)氣(qi)”坊(fang)(fang)及(ji)“禮門”、“義路”坊(fang)(fang)齊觀,如數重大雁飛臨泮池之上(shang)(shang)(shang)。這(zhe)種建筑風格,凸現了儒家思想兩個固(gu)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)屬性(xing):一方(fang)面具有(you)(you)廣(guang)泛信(xin)仰層(ceng)面上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)感需求,另一方(fang)面存在著相當豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論思維(wei)內容。
文(wen)廟(miao)最吸引人(ren)的(de)去處無疑(yi)是大成殿。它是文(wen)廟(miao)的(de)主體建筑,一字(zi)(zi)排開的(de)五間殿堂(tang),正堂(tang)內置龍(long)寶座,供奉(feng)著孔(kong)子塑(su)像(xiang)(xiang)。殿堂(tang)單檐九(jiu)脊歇山頂,琉璃黃(huang)瓦,翹角飛甍,巍巍宏麗,氣(qi)象(xiang)莊(zhuang)嚴。這里有(you)很(hen)多的(de)字(zi)(zi)匾(bian)(bian)和塑(su)像(xiang)(xiang),字(zi)(zi)大多是歷代皇帝所(suo)(suo)題,像(xiang)(xiang)都是對弘揚儒(ru)家文(wen)化(hua)作出貢獻的(de)名人(ren)。大殿檐下懸(xuan)掛(gua)著“先(xian)(xian)師廟(miao)”三(san)個(ge)鎏金(jin)大字(zi)(zi)匾(bian)(bian),筆力雄渾遒勁,匾(bian)(bian)沿鑲嵌著玲瓏剔透的(de)木雕龍(long)鳳。東西廂房是祀奉(feng)先(xian)(xian)儒(ru)的(de)場(chang)所(suo)(suo),先(xian)(xian)賢79人(ren)、先(xian)(xian)儒(ru)75人(ren)依次供奉(feng)于內。
建筑
文廟座北朝南(nan),基(ji)本按照山(shan)東(dong)曲阜孔(kong)廟布局建造,原有一(yi)池(chi)(泮池(chi)),一(yi)壇(杏壇),一(yi)圃(pu)(射(she)圃(pu)),二殿(dian)(dian)(大成殿(dian)(dian)、崇圣(sheng)(sheng)殿(dian)(dian))、二廡(wu)(東(dong)廡(wu)、西廡(wu))、二堂(tang)(東(dong)明(ming)倫堂(tang)、西明(ming)倫堂(tang))、三(san)部長(尊經閣(ge)、文星(xing)閣(ge)、柱香閣(ge))、四門(欞星(xing)門、大成門、金(jin)聲門、玉振門)、五亭(ting)(ting)(敬(jing)一(yi)亭(ting)(ting)、思樂亭(ting)(ting)、齋宿(su)亭(ting)(ting)、東(dong)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)、西碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting))、六祠(ci)(寄賢祠(ci)、倉(cang)圣(sheng)(sheng)祠(ci)、名宦祠(ci)、鄉賢祠(ci)、節教祠(ci)、忠(zhong)義孝悌(ti)祠(ci))、八(ba)坊(fang)(太和元氣(qi)坊(fang)、洙泗淵源坊(fang)、禮門坊(fang)、義路坊(fang)、道冠古今坊(fang)、德(de)配天地坊(fang)、圣(sheng)(sheng)域(yu)由茲坊(fang)、賢關近仰坊(fang))。碑(bei)文記(ji)載(zai):此(ci)廟“殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)門廡(wu),圣(sheng)(sheng)賢肖像,刻雕藻繪(hui),金(jin)碧輝煌”,“遂成一(yi)觀焉。”數百年來,不(bu)斷維修,后來除(chu)杏壇、射(she)圃(pu)、尊經閣(ge)、文星(xing)閣(ge)、敬(jing)一(yi)亭(ting)(ting)和齊宿(su)亭(ting)(ting)不(bu)存外,其(qi)他建筑仍然(ran)完(wan)好(hao)如初。
大(da)門(men)(men)太和(he)元氣坊(fang)三楹(ying),中間一楹(ying)高約九米(mi)(mi),石(shi)木(mu)結構,坊(fang)座上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)雕獅、象、麒麟和(he)龍。頂部斗(dou)拱(gong)密集,與兩側的花磚短墻(qiang)組成(cheng)(cheng)五檁三重檐牌(pai)樓頂,甚為(wei)美觀。當中兩扇大(da)門(men)(men)飾以(yi)(yi)鼓(gu)釘,門(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)置石(shi)鼓(gu)一對(dui)。坊(fang)后為(wei)泮池,俗稱學海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),明成(cheng)(cheng)化年間按古學宮之制開挖,弘治年間拓(tuo)寬為(wei)橢(tuo)圓形(xing),水面(mian)即達四十(shi)余畝。池中有(you)(you)(you)一小島(dao),有(you)(you)(you)堤和(he)橋相通(tong)。島(dao)上(shang)(shang)建鰲(ao)亭(ting),也稱思樂亭(ting),取“書山(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)(you)路(lu)(lu)勤為(wei)徑,學海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)無(wu)涯苦(ku)作舟”之意,以(yi)(yi)勉(mian)勵生員奮(fen)發學習,他(ta)日功名(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu),猶(you)如(ru)(ru)釣得(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)中大(da)鰲(ao)。東西兩岸有(you)(you)(you)路(lu)(lu)和(he)紅(hong)墻(qiang)相圍,路(lu)(lu)旁(pang)有(you)(you)(you)林蔭花木(mu)。池后筑有(you)(you)(you)半(ban)月形(xing)臺(tai)唇,臺(tai)前(qian)(qian)圍以(yi)(yi)白石(shi)欄(lan)桿。左右有(you)(you)(you)“禮門(men)(men)”、“義路(lu)(lu)”石(shi)牌(pai)坊(fang),坊(fang)前(qian)(qian)各立(li)“官員兵民(min)人(ren)等于此下馬”碑一塊,坊(fang)側面(mian)紅(hong)墻(qiang)上(shang)(shang)鑲嵌(qian)“鳶(yuan)飛魚躍”石(shi)刻大(da)字四塊,各高一米(mi)(mi)。南面(mian)煥文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)倒影(ying)映池中,山(shan)(shan)(shan)光水色,與藍天白云綠(lv)樹(shu)相映襯,分外宜人(ren)。舊(jiu)志記載:泮池“澄泓如(ru)(ru)鏡(jing),上(shang)(shang)面(mian)石(shi)臺(tai)肪截,宮墻(qiang)萬仞,金碧交(jiao)輝(hui)(hui),宏整巨麗(li)冠迤東西”“煥山(shan)(shan)(shan)倒影(ying)”或“學海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)瀾(lan)”,為(wei)建水古十(shi)景之一。昔時每逢農歷(li)六月二十(shi)四日火(huo)把節夜,彝族(zu)和(he)漢族(zu)百姓(xing)在煥文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)點燃(ran)火(huo)把,巡行在同(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)梯田之間,以(yi)(yi)祈(qi)年照歲,企(qi)盼五谷豐登。紅(hong)色的火(huo)苗星(xing)星(xing)點點映入泮池之中,與天上(shang)(shang)的繁星(xing)交(jiao)相輝(hui)(hui)映,相傳(chuan)所見(jian)星(xing)點越(yue)多,預兆(zhao)來年開科取士(shi)中榜(bang)者(zhe)亦多。清代滇南著名(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)人(ren)張漢《學海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)觀炬(ju)》靈詩云:“煥文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)峰影(ying)泮池中,幾點遙窺(kui)野炬(ju)紅(hong)。陸地已成(cheng)(cheng)星(xing)宿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),靈槎欲(yu)貫斗(dou)牛宮……待得(de)今(jin)夕見(jian),科名(ming)有(you)(you)(you)婁信先通(tong)。”如(ru)(ru)此情趣,全國文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟中絕無(wu)僅有(you)(you)(you)。
從泮(pan)池(chi)后的(de)(de)(de)臺唇登上(shang)數級石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)階(jie),有(you)“洙泗淵源(yuan)”坊(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)楹,高九米,木(mu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結構,龍(long)(long)、麟(lin)、獅(shi)、象(xiang)巨型石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)高踞于(yu)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang),拱(gong)衛著木(mu)構架(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)牌(pai)樓。坊(fang)(fang)(fang)檐下密(mi)密(mi)層層地(di)飾以(yi)精(jing)巧玲瓏的(de)(de)(de)斗拱(gong),這些斗拱(gong)主要起裝(zhuang)飾作用,而不能(neng)全部承檐坊(fang)(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)重壓,古(gu)(gu)代建筑(zhu)設計師匠心獨運(yun),巧妙(miao)地(di)在(zai)中(zhong)間(jian)一(yi)楹坊(fang)(fang)(fang)座(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)麒(qi)麟(lin)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獅(shi)子上(shang)打(da)主意,在(zai)麒(qi)麟(lin)和獅(shi)子的(de)(de)(de)額頭上(shang)各(ge)(ge)雕(diao)(diao)刻一(yi)個跪(gui)姿(zi)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren),頭頂(ding)(ding)一(yi)朵石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蓮(lian)(lian),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蓮(lian)(lian)上(shang)安裝(zhuang)一(yi)根雕(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)細圓木(mu)柱(zhu),四個石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)四根木(mu)柱(zhu)支撐起最高一(yi)層坊(fang)(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)四個檐角(jiao),形(xing)成兩(liang)根主柱(zhu)并(bing)列(lie)懸掛四根吊腳輔(fu)柱(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)架(jia)(jia)勢,仔(zi)細觀賞(shang),騰(teng)挪自如。牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)兩(liang)側各(ge)(ge)有(you)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)鳳壁畫一(yi)幅,其一(yi)為“二(er)龍(long)(long)戲珠”另一(yi)幅為“雙鳳朝陽”,亦甚(shen)精(jing)美。壁畫上(shang)用磚(zhuan)砌成斗拱(gong)樣,覆以(yi)瓦頂(ding)(ding),與三(san)楹坊(fang)(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)組合成疊(die)羅漢式的(de)(de)(de)三(san)重檐歇山頂(ding)(ding),檐角(jiao)飛翹,遠觀如雁陣飛臨(lin)泮(pan)池(chi)之上(shang),令人(ren)賞(shang)心悅(yue)目。“洙泗淵源(yuan)”坊(fang)(fang)(fang)背面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)門楣上(shang)寫有(you)“萬世宗師”四字。坊(fang)(fang)(fang)后東西向又(you)橫陳四座(zuo)(zuo)磚(zhuan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)底座(zuo)(zuo),土木(mu)筑(zhu)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang),亦各(ge)(ge)高九米,分別(bie)題寫“德配天地(di)”、“道冠(guan)古(gu)(gu)今”、“圣域由(you)茲”、“賢關近仰”。正中(zhong)方頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)輔(fu)柱(zhu)亦有(you)龍(long)(long)雕(diao)(diao),造型與“洙泗淵源(yuan)”坊(fang)(fang)(fang)相近,只是(shi)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)缺(que)少(shao)獅(shi)象(xiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)。坊(fang)(fang)(fang)間(jian)空地(di)上(shang)陳列(lie)著二(er)十余塊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)碑(bei),記載著明(ming)清時期增修文廟的(de)(de)(de)經過(guo),是(shi)研究古(gu)(gu)代邊疆文化教育的(de)(de)(de)珍貴史料。中(zhong)軸線上(shang)原有(you)杏壇,明(ming)天順間(jian)建,壇中(zhong)豎石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻孔子統育圖(tu),后地(di)震(zhen)坍毀(hui),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻像移至大(da)成殿上(shang)。
其后為(wei)欞星(xing)門,三開間,雕(diao)梁畫(hua)棟,瓦頂,四根(gen)木柱穿脊而出,柱上(shang)有木刻(ke)飾物,柱頂套有明代燒制的(de)(de)青花瓷罩,罩頂雕(diao)盤龍,龍首嘯天。門后為(wei)園(yuan)林,數株迎客松,競相(xiang)婆娑,似在(zai)向游人(ren)招手致(zhi)意。園(yuan)東原有魁星(xing)閣(ge)一座,已(yi)毀,現存名宦祠。園(yuan)西(xi)有桂香(xiang)閣(ge)和鄉(xiang)賢祠。桂香(xiang)閣(ge)曾是(shi)解放戰爭時期中國共(gong)產黨滇(dian)南(nan)地(di)下組(zu)織負責人(ren)寓所在(zai)活動的(de)(de)舊址。
再后為(wei)大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men),亦(yi)(yi)三(san)開間(jian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)為(wei)通道(dao),門(men)上(shang)飾(shi)以鼓(gu)釘(ding),門(men)前(qian)石階正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)飛龍(long)(long)浮雕(diao)(diao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)幅。入內為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)庭(ting)(ting)院(yuan),庭(ting)(ting)院(yuan)后部丹(dan)墀上(shang)為(wei)文(wen)(wen)廟主體(ti)(ti)建(jian)筑大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)廂(xiang)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)廡(wu)(wu)、西(xi)(xi)廡(wu)(wu),各(ge)有(you)(you)房舍十(shi)五(wu)間(jian)。門(men)、殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)廡(wu)(wu)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)方形(xing)建(jian)筑群體(ti)(ti),氣勢宏闊。大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)五(wu)開間(jian),琉璃黃瓦,歇山頂(ding),由二(er)十(shi)根(gen)高(gao)(gao)五(wu)米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)柱(zhu)支(zhi)撐,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)二(er)十(shi)二(er)根(gen)青石大(da)(da)柱(zhu),全(quan)用(yong)整塊(kuai)石料鑿磨(mo)而成(cheng)(cheng)。撐持左右前(qian)檐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)根(gen)石柱(zhu),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部鐫刻(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)龍(long)(long)騰祥云狀,“石龍(long)(long)抱(bao)柱(zhu)”雕(diao)(diao)工精(jing)巧,甚是(shi)珍奇。二(er)十(shi)二(er)扇木(mu)(mu)(mu)屏(ping)門(men)透雕(diao)(diao)出神采各(ge)異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生物(wu)圖(tu)畫,當中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)六(liu)扇為(wei)“六(liu)龍(long)(long)捧圣(sheng)”圖(tu),六(liu)條立(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)在(zai)(zai)云水(shui)(shui)間(jian)騰挪翻飛,環(huan)衛(wei)著(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)圣(sheng)座(zuo),象(xiang)(xiang)征孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)說和(he)(he)思想在(zai)(zai)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)意識形(xing)態(tai)領域內至高(gao)(gao)無上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)旁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屏(ping)門(men)上(shang)分別(bie)鐫刻(ke)出“雙獅分水(shui)(shui)”、“喜鵲鬧梅”、“犀牛望月”、“三(san)羊開泰”、“麟吐玉書(shu)”、“封(feng)(蜂)侯(猴(hou))掛(gua)印”、“旭(xu)日東(dong)(dong)升”、“竹報平安”等畫面,共(gong)雕(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百多個大(da)(da)小動(dong)物(wu)形(xing)象(xiang)(xiang),維(wei)妙維(wei)肖,栩栩如生,而且一(yi)(yi)(yi)個個高(gao)(gao)度(du)鏤(lou)空成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)狀。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)對小松鼠(shu),呼(hu)之欲出,活靈活現,體(ti)(ti)現古(gu)(gu)代(dai)木(mu)(mu)(mu)雕(diao)(diao)藝人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)超(chao)技術,為(wei)屏(ping)門(men)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍品。門(men)檻五(wu)道(dao)亦(yi)(yi)用(yong)整塊(kuai)紋石盤(pan)成(cheng)(cheng),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三(san)道(dao)各(ge)長五(wu)米七,高(gao)(gao)寬(kuan)各(ge)四十(shi)厘米,石色灰白(bai),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含黑紋,細(xi)膩有(you)(you)光,無絲毫(hao)裂痕,儼如油光漆成(cheng)(cheng),乍看(kan)不知是(shi)整塊(kuai)巨(ju)石琢磨(mo)而成(cheng)(cheng)。大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)下懸掛(gua)著(zhu)“先師(shi)廟”三(san)個鎏金大(da)(da)字匾,筆力雄(xiong)渾遒勁,匾沿(yan)鑲嵌著(zhu)玲瓏(long)剔(ti)透的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)雕(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)鳳。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內懸掛(gua)著(zhu)摹(mo)刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清代(dai)歷(li)朝皇(huang)帝贊孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)尊(zun)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)“御題(ti)”貼金匾額八塊(kuai),有(you)(you)康熙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“萬(wan)世師(shi)表”,雍正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“生民未有(you)(you)”,乾隆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“與(yu)天地(di)參”,直(zhi)到光緒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“斯文(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)茲”。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)供奉孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)牌(pai)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)龕,龕座(zuo)亦(yi)(yi)為(wei)整塊(kuai)巨(ju)石雕(diao)(diao)成(cheng)(cheng),四足朝內彎曲(qu)(qu)。座(zuo)上(shang)置精(jing)工鏤(lou)刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)閣一(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)牌(pai)位供在(zai)(zai)雕(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)寶座(zuo)上(shang)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)置乾隆年間(jian)鑄(zhu)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)銅(tong)香爐一(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun),高(gao)(gao)近三(san)米,四足鑄(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)象(xiang)(xiang)頭,卷(juan)曲(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)鼻支(zhi)在(zai)(zai)蓮座(zuo)上(shang),象(xiang)(xiang)征著(zhu)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)古(gu)(gu)時曾(ceng)是(shi)象(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故鄉。香爐上(shang)部覆(fu)以樓臺,盤(pan)繞游龍(long)(long)十(shi)余條。又有(you)(you)石刻(ke)“孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)圣(sheng)弦頌圖(tu)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊(kuai),高(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)米五(wu),寬(kuan)八十(shi)厘米,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)席地(di)而座(zuo)撫琴授課,四弟子(zi)肅立(li)(li)恭聽,為(wei)明(ming)代(dai)所(suo)刻(ke)。大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)碑(bei)亭,西(xi)(xi)碑(bei)亭立(li)(li)滿(man)漢(han)文(wen)(wen)《御制(zhi)平定(ding)回中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)告太太學(xue)碑(bei)文(wen)(wen)》,通高(gao)(gao)五(wu)米,寬(kuan)二(er)米,兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)石碑(bei)并列(lie)在(zai)(zai)碑(bei)座(zuo)上(shang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)碑(bei)刻(ke)滿(man)文(wen)(wen),一(yi)(yi)(yi)碑(bei)刻(ke)漢(han)文(wen)(wen),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)碑(bei)之上(shang)鑲一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)座(zuo)上(shang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)碑(bei)刻(ke)漢(han)文(wen)(wen),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)碑(bei)之上(shang)鑲一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)頂(ding),將其(qi)聯為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti),碑(bei)文(wen)(wen)記載乾隆年間(jian)清軍平定(ding)新(xin)疆準噶爾反(fan)動(dong)貴州叛(pan)亂,統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)祖(zu)國版圖(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史料,原(yuan)碑(bei)立(li)(li)于(yu)北京文(wen)(wen)廟內,臨(lin)安知府(fu)雙鼎摹(mo)刻(ke)于(yu)建(jian)水(shui)(shui)文(wen)(wen)廟。滿(man)漢(han)文(wen)(wen)碑(bei)全(quan)國罕有(you)(you)。東(dong)(dong)碑(bei)亭內立(li)(li)用(yong)漢(han)文(wen)(wen)刻(ke)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乾隆《平定(ding)青海(hai)告成(cheng)(cheng)太學(xue)記》。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)庭(ting)(ting)院(yuan)內有(you)(you)古(gu)(gu)樹(shu)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)株(zhu)(zhu),古(gu)(gu)柏數(shu)株(zhu)(zhu),相傳植(zhi)于(yu)元時。又有(you)(you)山茶花(hua)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)株(zhu)(zhu),蒼老遒勁,仍(reng)繁花(hua)似錦。林蔭中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)伏坐石雕(diao)(diao)白(bai)象(xiang)(xiang)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)頭,馱(tuo)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)米多高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青銅(tong)花(hua)瓶,瓶內植(zhi)花(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)。庭(ting)(ting)院(yuan)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)側有(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)明(ming)倫堂,原(yuan)為(wei)臨(lin)安府(fu)學(xue)和(he)(he)建(jian)水(shui)(shui)縣學(xue)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)。西(xi)(xi)明(ming)倫堂前(qian)有(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)奇異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)榕柏共(gong)生樹(shu),榕樹(shu)包柏樹(shu),連理同心,三(san)人(ren)才能合抱(bao)。
大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿后(hou)又(you)陳列著元(yuan)明清碑(bei)刻十(shi)(shi)余塊,其(qi)中有元(yuan)至(zhi)大(da)元(yuan)年武宗皇(huang)帝(di)追封孔子(zi)為“大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)至(zhi)圣文宣王”的(de)(de)圣旨牌(pai),為滇南現存最古老(lao)的(de)(de)碑(bei)刻。其(qi)后(hou)為崇圣殿,是祈奉孔子(zi)父母的(de)(de)殿堂(tang),雕梁畫(hua)棟(dong),與大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿相呼應,蔚(yu)為壯觀,殿前石(shi)欄(lan)上刻有杭州西湖二十(shi)(shi)四景(jing)圖。殿東還有倉圣祠(ci)、景(jing)賢(xian)祠(ci)。前祠(ci)奉祀傳說(shuo)中的(de)(de)漢字創造(zao)者(zhe)倉頡。后(hou)者(zhe)為鄉人紀(ji)念明洪武年間(jian)被貶謫至(zhi)此講學近(jin)十(shi)(shi)余年,與邊地文稿(gao)教有功的(de)(de)文人學士王奎、韓宜可而建的(de)(de)祠(ci)堂(tang),也稱二賢(xian)祠(ci)。
崇圣殿(dian)后原(yuan)有尊經部長,為(wei)滇(dian)南最古(gu)老的藏書樓(lou),已毀,唯剩(sheng)古(gu)柏百余(yu)株。