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建水文廟
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票數:0 #文廟#
云南建水文廟始建于元朝至元二十二年(1285年),至今已有700多年的歷史。經歷代50多次擴建增修,占地面積已達到7.6萬平方米,其現存規模、建筑水平和保存完好程度,都僅次于山東曲阜孔廟和北京孔廟,在全國大型文廟中名列前茅。云南建水文廟依照曲阜孔廟的風格規制制造,采用南北中軸線對稱的宮殿式,東西兩側對稱布置多個單體建筑。主要建筑包括:一池、一殿、一閣、二廡、三堂、三亭、五門、六祠、八坊等共37個。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 云南省紅河(he)哈(ha)尼族(zu)彝族(zu)自治州建水(shui)縣
  • 開放時間: 8:00~18:00
  • 建議游玩時間: 2小時(shi)
  • 旅游景區級別: 4A
  • 文物保護單位: 國家第五批(元、明、清)
介紹(shao)攻略

簡介

建(jian)(jian)(jian)水文(wen)廟(miao)位于云(yun)南省(sheng)(sheng)紅(hong)河(he)哈尼族彝族自治州西北部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)水縣城(cheng)內,是(shi)一座全國屈指可(ke)數的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)型文(wen)廟(miao),始建(jian)(jian)(jian)于公元二(er)十二(er)年(1285年),是(shi)云(yun)南省(sheng)(sheng)繼(ji)中慶(昆明)、大(da)(da)理(li)之后,最(zui)早創建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)三座廟(miao)宇。后經明、清兩代擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)(jian),占(zhan)地達114畝,總體布局采用中軸(zhou)對(dui)稱宮殿(dian)式,仿照曲阜孔廟(miao)的(de)(de)(de)格局建(jian)(jian)(jian)造,有1殿(dian)、2廡(wu)、2堂(tang)、2閣、5祠、8坊(fang),是(shi)一組規模宏大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群。步入大(da)(da)門(men)為肅穆的(de)(de)(de)"太和元氣"坊(fang),迎(ying)面為20余畝的(de)(de)(de)"學海"(泮池),塘(tang)內碧波蕩漾(yang),四周柳絲輕拂,池中建(jian)(jian)(jian)有思樂(le)亭,左(zuo)、右有"禮門(men)"和"義路(lu)"。步人(ren)欞星門(men).有大(da)(da)成門(men)、東(dong)西廡(wu)、大(da)(da)成殿(dian)、祟圣(sheng)詞(ci)、明倫堂(tang)、尊(zun)經閣等建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑。

大成(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)建于明(ming)弘(hong)治年間(jian),28棵(ke)柱支撐全殿(dian)(dian)。前檐(yan)12棵(ke)為(wei)石拄,每棵(ke)高5米,重(zhong)達(da)5000公斤(jin),用整塊大青石雕(diao)(diao)(diao)成(cheng)。大門(men)左右2棵(ke)檐(yan)柱雕(diao)(diao)(diao)巨(ju)龍盤(pan)繞(rao),稱為(wei)"石龍抱柱"。正面22扇格子門(men)所(suo)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)飛(fei)禽走獸,形態各異(yi).玻璃瓦的(de)屋頂,光彩(cai)奪(duo)目。廟(miao)宇周圍古(gu)柏森森,顯得莊嚴肅穆(mu),雄偉壯(zhuang)觀,有"金碧壯(zhuang)麗甲全滇"之美譽,其(qi)規模僅次于山東,曲阜孔廟(miao),為(wei)云南(nan)省重(zhong)點文物保護單位。

民國(guo)時期編(bian)修的《機(ji)關報(bao)纂云南通志》記載(zai):建水文(wen)廟,是規模僅(jin)次于山東(dong)曲(qu)阜的文(wen)廟。

景區特色

整個廟宇,一片翠綠(lv),古(gu)木蕭森,莊(zhuang)嚴肅(su)穆。松(song)、柏(bo)、竹、柳,千(qian)姿百(bai)態,各種花卉爭妍斗艷,四(si)時(shi)飄(piao)香(xiang)。庭西有(you)兩株共生樹(shu)(shu),一(yi)為(wei)柏(bo)樹(shu)(shu),一(yi)為(wei)榕樹(shu)(shu)。數百(bai)年(nian)的(de)風風雨(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu),它(ta)們已經(jing)緊(jin)緊(jin)纏在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起(qi)。有(you)人戲稱為(wei)“萬將軍抱白小(xiao)姐(jie)”。 建(jian)(jian)(jian)水城,為(wei)舊臨(lin)安府(fu)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di),元、明、清三代曾是滇(dian)南(nan)的(de)政治(zhi)、經(jing)濟和(he)文(wen)(wen)化的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),加上(shang)文(wen)(wen)廟規模宏大,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)精巧,素有(you)“滇(dian)南(nan)鄒(zou)魯”之稱。早年(nian),當(dang)地(di)(di)利用文(wen)(wen)廟建(jian)(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)臨(lin)安中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)。現改為(wei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)水第一(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue),并在(zai)(zai)文(wen)(wen)廟側新建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)許(xu)多教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)樓。昔日(ri)孔(kong)廟圣(sheng)地(di)(di),如(ru)今成了(le)(le)(le)青少(shao)年(nian)學(xue)(xue)習之所(suo)。由(you)于政府(fu)和(he)學(xue)(xue)校注意保存古(gu)跡,至今文(wen)(wen)廟仍很完整(zheng)。

繞至(zhi)泮池(chi)后的(de)唇(chun)臺上(shang)(shang),只見栩(xu)栩(xu)如生的(de)龍、虎、麟、獅、象巨石(shi)雕高距于(yu)坊(fang)(fang)座上(shang)(shang),拱衛著(zhu)木構架的(de)牌(pai)樓(lou)。四周的(de)壁(bi)畫上(shang)(shang)方,用(yong)磚(zhuan)砌成斗拱樣,覆(fu)以碧瓦,與三(san)楹坊(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)合(he)成疊羅漢(han)式的(de)三(san)重檐歇山頂(ding)(ding),檐牙高啄,碧瓦飛翹,與“太和(he)元氣(qi)”坊(fang)(fang)及“禮門”、“義(yi)路”坊(fang)(fang)齊觀(guan),如數重大雁飛臨泮池(chi)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。這種建筑(zhu)風(feng)格,凸現了儒家思想兩個固(gu)有(you)的(de)屬性:一方面具有(you)廣泛信仰層面上(shang)(shang)的(de)情感(gan)需求,另一方面存在著(zhu)相當(dang)豐富的(de)理論思維內容。

文(wen)(wen)廟最(zui)吸(xi)引(yin)人的(de)去處(chu)無疑是大(da)(da)成殿(dian)(dian)。它是文(wen)(wen)廟的(de)主(zhu)體建筑,一(yi)字(zi)排(pai)開的(de)五間殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang),正堂(tang)(tang)(tang)內置(zhi)龍寶座,供奉(feng)著(zhu)孔子塑像。殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)單檐九脊歇(xie)山(shan)頂,琉璃黃(huang)瓦,翹角(jiao)飛甍,巍巍宏麗,氣象(xiang)莊嚴(yan)。這里有很多的(de)字(zi)匾和塑像,字(zi)大(da)(da)多是歷(li)代皇(huang)帝所題,像都(dou)是對(dui)弘(hong)揚(yang)儒(ru)(ru)家文(wen)(wen)化作出貢獻(xian)的(de)名(ming)人。大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)檐下懸掛著(zhu)“先(xian)師廟”三個鎏金大(da)(da)字(zi)匾,筆力雄渾遒勁(jing),匾沿(yan)鑲嵌著(zhu)玲(ling)瓏剔透的(de)木雕龍鳳。東西廂房是祀奉(feng)先(xian)儒(ru)(ru)的(de)場所,先(xian)賢79人、先(xian)儒(ru)(ru)75人依次供奉(feng)于內。

建筑

文(wen)廟座北(bei)朝南,基本按照(zhao)山東曲阜孔廟布局建(jian)造,原(yuan)有一(yi)(yi)池(泮(pan)池),一(yi)(yi)壇(杏(xing)壇),一(yi)(yi)圃(射圃),二殿(dian)(大成殿(dian)、崇圣(sheng)殿(dian))、二廡(wu)(wu)(東廡(wu)(wu)、西(xi)廡(wu)(wu))、二堂(tang)(東明(ming)倫(lun)堂(tang)、西(xi)明(ming)倫(lun)堂(tang))、三(san)部長(尊經閣(ge)、文(wen)星(xing)(xing)閣(ge)、柱香閣(ge))、四門(欞星(xing)(xing)門、大成門、金聲門、玉振門)、五亭(ting)(敬一(yi)(yi)亭(ting)、思樂亭(ting)、齋宿亭(ting)、東碑亭(ting)、西(xi)碑亭(ting))、六祠(寄(ji)賢(xian)(xian)祠、倉圣(sheng)祠、名宦(huan)祠、鄉賢(xian)(xian)祠、節教祠、忠義(yi)孝悌祠)、八坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(太和元(yuan)氣坊(fang)(fang)(fang)、洙泗淵源坊(fang)(fang)(fang)、禮門坊(fang)(fang)(fang)、義(yi)路坊(fang)(fang)(fang)、道冠(guan)古(gu)今坊(fang)(fang)(fang)、德配天地(di)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)、圣(sheng)域由(you)茲坊(fang)(fang)(fang)、賢(xian)(xian)關近仰坊(fang)(fang)(fang))。碑文(wen)記載:此廟“殿(dian)堂(tang)門廡(wu)(wu),圣(sheng)賢(xian)(xian)肖像,刻雕藻繪(hui),金碧輝煌”,“遂成一(yi)(yi)觀(guan)焉。”數百(bai)年(nian)來,不(bu)斷(duan)維(wei)修,后來除杏(xing)壇、射圃、尊經閣(ge)、文(wen)星(xing)(xing)閣(ge)、敬一(yi)(yi)亭(ting)和齊宿亭(ting)不(bu)存外(wai),其他建(jian)筑仍然完好如初。

大(da)門(men)太和(he)元氣坊三楹,中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)楹高(gao)約九米(mi),石木結構,坊座上有(you)石雕獅、象、麒麟和(he)龍(long)。頂部斗(dou)拱密集,與(yu)兩側的花磚(zhuan)短墻(qiang)組成五(wu)檁三重檐牌樓頂,甚為(wei)美觀(guan)。當中(zhong)兩扇大(da)門(men)飾以鼓釘(ding),門(men)前置石鼓一(yi)對。坊后為(wei)泮池,俗稱(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)海(hai)(hai),明成化年間(jian)(jian)(jian)按古(gu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)宮之制開挖(wa),弘(hong)治年間(jian)(jian)(jian)拓(tuo)寬(kuan)為(wei)橢圓形,水面(mian)即達四(si)十(shi)余畝。池中(zhong)有(you)一(yi)小島(dao),有(you)堤和(he)橋相(xiang)通。島(dao)上建鰲亭(ting),也稱(cheng)思樂亭(ting),取“書(shu)山(shan)有(you)路勤為(wei)徑,學(xue)(xue)(xue)海(hai)(hai)無涯苦(ku)作舟”之意,以勉勵生員奮發(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習,他日功(gong)名(ming)成就,猶如釣得海(hai)(hai)中(zhong)大(da)鰲。東西兩岸有(you)路和(he)紅墻(qiang)相(xiang)圍(wei)(wei),路旁(pang)有(you)林蔭花木。池后筑(zhu)有(you)半(ban)月形臺(tai)唇,臺(tai)前圍(wei)(wei)以白(bai)石欄桿。左右有(you)“禮門(men)”、“義路”石牌坊,坊前各立“官員兵民人等于此(ci)下(xia)馬”碑一(yi)塊,坊側面(mian)紅墻(qiang)上鑲(xiang)嵌“鳶飛魚躍”石刻大(da)字四(si)塊,各高(gao)一(yi)米(mi)。南面(mian)煥文山(shan)倒(dao)影(ying)映池中(zhong),山(shan)光水色(se),與(yu)藍天白(bai)云(yun)綠樹相(xiang)映襯,分外(wai)宜人。舊志記載(zai):泮池“澄泓如鏡,上面(mian)石臺(tai)肪截,宮墻(qiang)萬(wan)仞,金(jin)碧(bi)交輝(hui),宏整巨麗冠迤(yi)東西”“煥山(shan)倒(dao)影(ying)”或“學(xue)(xue)(xue)海(hai)(hai)文瀾”,為(wei)建水古(gu)十(shi)景之一(yi)。昔時(shi)每逢(feng)農歷六月二十(shi)四(si)日火把節夜,彝族(zu)和(he)漢族(zu)百姓(xing)在(zai)煥文山(shan)上點(dian)(dian)燃(ran)火把,巡行(xing)在(zai)同(tong)山(shan)梯田(tian)之間(jian)(jian)(jian),以祈(qi)年照歲,企盼五(wu)谷豐登。紅色(se)的火苗星星點(dian)(dian)點(dian)(dian)映入泮池之中(zhong),與(yu)天上的繁星交相(xiang)輝(hui)映,相(xiang)傳所見(jian)星點(dian)(dian)越多,預兆來年開科(ke)取士中(zhong)榜(bang)者亦多。清代滇(dian)南著(zhu)名(ming)文人張漢《學(xue)(xue)(xue)海(hai)(hai)觀(guan)炬》靈詩云(yun):“煥文峰影(ying)泮池中(zhong),幾(ji)點(dian)(dian)遙窺野炬紅。陸(lu)地已成星宿(su)海(hai)(hai),靈槎欲貫斗(dou)牛宮……待得今夕見(jian),科(ke)名(ming)有(you)婁信先(xian)通。”如此(ci)情(qing)趣,全國(guo)文廟中(zhong)絕無僅有(you)。

從泮(pan)池(chi)(chi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臺唇登上(shang)(shang)數級石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)階,有(you)(you)“洙泗(si)淵源(yuan)”坊(fang)三楹,高九米(mi),木石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結構,龍(long)(long)、麟(lin)、獅、象巨(ju)型石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)高踞(ju)于坊(fang)座上(shang)(shang),拱(gong)衛(wei)著木構架的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牌樓。坊(fang)檐(yan)(yan)下密密層層地(di)(di)飾(shi)以精巧玲瓏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斗(dou)拱(gong),這些斗(dou)拱(gong)主要起裝(zhuang)飾(shi)作用,而不能全(quan)部承(cheng)檐(yan)(yan)坊(fang)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)壓,古代(dai)建筑設(she)計(ji)師(shi)匠心獨運,巧妙地(di)(di)在(zai)中(zhong)間(jian)一(yi)(yi)楹坊(fang)座的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)麒麟(lin)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獅子上(shang)(shang)打主意,在(zai)麒麟(lin)和獅子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額頭(tou)上(shang)(shang)各雕(diao)刻一(yi)(yi)個跪姿(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren),頭(tou)頂(ding)(ding)一(yi)(yi)朵石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蓮(lian)(lian),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蓮(lian)(lian)上(shang)(shang)安裝(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)根雕(diao)龍(long)(long)細(xi)圓木柱,四(si)個石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)四(si)根木柱支撐起最高一(yi)(yi)層坊(fang)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)個檐(yan)(yan)角,形成兩根主柱并列懸(xuan)掛四(si)根吊腳輔柱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)架勢,仔(zi)細(xi)觀(guan)(guan)賞,騰(teng)挪自如(ru)。牌坊(fang)兩側(ce)各有(you)(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)龍(long)(long)鳳壁畫一(yi)(yi)幅,其(qi)一(yi)(yi)為“二龍(long)(long)戲珠(zhu)”另一(yi)(yi)幅為“雙鳳朝陽”,亦甚精美。壁畫上(shang)(shang)用磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)成斗(dou)拱(gong)樣,覆以瓦頂(ding)(ding),與三楹坊(fang)頂(ding)(ding)組合成疊羅漢式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)歇(xie)山頂(ding)(ding),檐(yan)(yan)角飛(fei)翹,遠(yuan)觀(guan)(guan)如(ru)雁(yan)陣飛(fei)臨泮(pan)池(chi)(chi)之上(shang)(shang),令(ling)人(ren)賞心悅目。“洙泗(si)淵源(yuan)”坊(fang)背面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)楣上(shang)(shang)寫有(you)(you)“萬世(shi)宗(zong)師(shi)”四(si)字。坊(fang)后東西向又(you)橫陳四(si)座磚(zhuan)(zhuan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)底座,土木筑頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牌坊(fang),亦各高九米(mi),分別題寫“德配天地(di)(di)”、“道冠古今”、“圣域由茲”、“賢關(guan)近(jin)仰(yang)”。正中(zhong)方頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔柱亦有(you)(you)龍(long)(long)雕(diao),造型與“洙泗(si)淵源(yuan)”坊(fang)相近(jin),只是坊(fang)座上(shang)(shang)缺少獅象石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)。坊(fang)間(jian)空地(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)陳列著二十余塊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)碑,記載著明清(qing)時(shi)期增修文廟(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)過,是研究古代(dai)邊(bian)疆文化教(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴史(shi)料。中(zhong)軸線上(shang)(shang)原有(you)(you)杏壇(tan),明天順(shun)間(jian)建,壇(tan)中(zhong)豎石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻孔子統育圖,后地(di)(di)震坍毀,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻像移至大成殿上(shang)(shang)。

其后為欞星門,三開(kai)間,雕(diao)梁(liang)畫棟,瓦頂,四根(gen)木柱穿脊而出,柱上(shang)有木刻飾物,柱頂套有明代(dai)燒制的青(qing)花瓷罩,罩頂雕(diao)盤龍,龍首嘯(xiao)天。門后為園林,數株(zhu)迎(ying)客(ke)松,競相婆娑,似在(zai)向(xiang)游人招手致意。園東原有魁星閣一(yi)座,已毀,現存名宦祠。園西有桂(gui)香閣和(he)鄉(xiang)賢祠。桂(gui)香閣曾(ceng)是解(jie)放戰爭(zheng)時期中國共產黨滇(dian)南(nan)地(di)下組織負(fu)責人寓所(suo)在(zai)活動的舊址(zhi)。

再后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)成門(men)(men)(men),亦三開間,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)通(tong)道(dao)(dao),門(men)(men)(men)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)飾(shi)以鼓釘,門(men)(men)(men)前石(shi)(shi)階正(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)飛龍(long)(long)(long)浮雕(diao)(diao)一(yi)(yi)幅(fu)。入(ru)內為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)庭院(yuan)(yuan),庭院(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)部(bu)丹墀上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)廟主體(ti)建筑大(da)(da)(da)成殿(dian)。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)廂為(wei)(wei)(wei)東廡(wu)、西(xi)廡(wu),各有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)房舍十(shi)五(wu)間。門(men)(men)(men)、殿(dian)和兩(liang)(liang)(liang)廡(wu)組成一(yi)(yi)套方形(xing)建筑群體(ti),氣勢宏闊。大(da)(da)(da)成殿(dian)五(wu)開間,琉(liu)璃黃瓦,歇山(shan)頂,由二(er)(er)十(shi)根(gen)高(gao)(gao)五(wu)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)柱(zhu)支撐,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)根(gen)青(qing)石(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)柱(zhu),全用整(zheng)塊(kuai)石(shi)(shi)料鑿磨(mo)而成。撐持左(zuo)右(you)前檐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)根(gen)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)鐫(juan)刻(ke)成龍(long)(long)(long)騰(teng)祥(xiang)云狀(zhuang),“石(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)抱(bao)柱(zhu)”雕(diao)(diao)工精(jing)巧,甚是珍奇。二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)扇(shan)木(mu)(mu)屏(ping)門(men)(men)(men)透雕(diao)(diao)出(chu)(chu)神采各異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生物(wu)圖畫,當中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)六扇(shan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“六龍(long)(long)(long)捧(peng)圣(sheng)(sheng)”圖,六條(tiao)立(li)(li)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)(long)在(zai)(zai)(zai)云水間騰(teng)挪(nuo)翻(fan)飛,環衛著(zhu)殿(dian)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)圣(sheng)(sheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),象(xiang)征孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)說(shuo)和思想(xiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)古(gu)代(dai)意識形(xing)態領域(yu)內至高(gao)(gao)無(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)旁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屏(ping)門(men)(men)(men)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)分別鐫(juan)刻(ke)出(chu)(chu)“雙(shuang)(shuang)獅分水”、“喜(xi)鵲(que)鬧梅”、“犀牛望月”、“三羊開泰”、“麟吐玉(yu)書”、“封(蜂)侯(猴)掛印”、“旭日東升”、“竹報平安”等畫面,共雕(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)百多(duo)個(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)動物(wu)形(xing)象(xiang),維(wei)妙維(wei)肖,栩栩如(ru)生,而且(qie)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)高(gao)(gao)度鏤空成立(li)(li)體(ti)狀(zhuang)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)對小(xiao)松鼠(shu),呼之欲出(chu)(chu),活靈(ling)活現,體(ti)現古(gu)代(dai)木(mu)(mu)雕(diao)(diao)藝人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)超(chao)技術(shu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)屏(ping)門(men)(men)(men)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍品。門(men)(men)(men)檻五(wu)道(dao)(dao)亦用整(zheng)塊(kuai)紋石(shi)(shi)盤成,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三道(dao)(dao)各長(chang)五(wu)米(mi)七,高(gao)(gao)寬(kuan)各四十(shi)厘(li)(li)米(mi),石(shi)(shi)色(se)灰白,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含黑紋,細(xi)膩有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)光(guang),無(wu)絲毫(hao)裂痕(hen),儼如(ru)油(you)光(guang)漆成,乍看不知(zhi)是整(zheng)塊(kuai)巨(ju)石(shi)(shi)琢磨(mo)而成。大(da)(da)(da)成殿(dian)下懸掛著(zhu)“先師廟”三個(ge)(ge)鎏金大(da)(da)(da)字(zi)匾,筆力雄渾(hun)遒勁,匾沿鑲(xiang)嵌著(zhu)玲瓏剔(ti)透的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)雕(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)(long)鳳(feng)。殿(dian)內懸掛著(zhu)摹刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)代(dai)歷朝(chao)皇帝(di)贊孔(kong)(kong)尊(zun)(zun)孔(kong)(kong)“御題”貼(tie)金匾額八(ba)塊(kuai),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)康熙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“萬世(shi)師表(biao)”,雍正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“生民未有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)”,乾(qian)隆(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“與(yu)天地(di)參”,直到光(guang)緒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“斯文(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)茲”。殿(dian)內有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)供(gong)奉孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)牌(pai)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)(sheng)龕(kan),龕(kan)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)整(zheng)塊(kuai)巨(ju)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)成,四足朝(chao)內彎(wan)曲。座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)置精(jing)工鏤刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)閣一(yi)(yi)間。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)牌(pai)位供(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)雕(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)(long)寶座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。殿(dian)前置乾(qian)隆(long)年間鑄造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)銅香爐一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun),高(gao)(gao)近三米(mi),四足鑄成象(xiang)頭,卷曲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)鼻支在(zai)(zai)(zai)蓮座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),象(xiang)征著(zhu)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)帶古(gu)時曾是象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故鄉(xiang)。香爐上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)覆以樓臺,盤繞游龍(long)(long)(long)十(shi)余條(tiao)。又有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)“孔(kong)(kong)圣(sheng)(sheng)弦頌圖”一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai),高(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)米(mi)五(wu),寬(kuan)八(ba)十(shi)厘(li)(li)米(mi),孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)席地(di)而座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)撫琴授課,四弟子(zi)肅立(li)(li)恭聽,為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)代(dai)所(suo)刻(ke)。大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)東西(xi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭,西(xi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭立(li)(li)滿(man)漢(han)文(wen)《御制平定回中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)告太太學(xue)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)》,通(tong)高(gao)(gao)五(wu)米(mi),寬(kuan)二(er)(er)米(mi),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)并列在(zai)(zai)(zai)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),一(yi)(yi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)滿(man)文(wen),一(yi)(yi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)漢(han)文(wen),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鑲(xiang)一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),一(yi)(yi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)漢(han)文(wen),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鑲(xiang)一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)頂,將其聯(lian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)體(ti),碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)記(ji)載乾(qian)隆(long)年間清(qing)軍平定新(xin)疆準噶爾反動貴州叛亂,統(tong)一(yi)(yi)祖國(guo)版圖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史料,原(yuan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)立(li)(li)于北京(jing)文(wen)廟內,臨(lin)安知(zhi)府(fu)雙(shuang)(shuang)鼎(ding)摹刻(ke)于建水文(wen)廟。滿(man)漢(han)文(wen)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)全國(guo)罕(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。東碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭內立(li)(li)用漢(han)文(wen)刻(ke)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乾(qian)隆(long)《平定青(qing)海告成太學(xue)記(ji)》。殿(dian)前庭院(yuan)(yuan)內有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)古(gu)樹兩(liang)(liang)(liang)株,古(gu)柏(bo)數株,相傳植于元(yuan)時。又有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)山(shan)茶花兩(liang)(liang)(liang)株,蒼老遒勁,仍繁花似錦。林蔭中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)伏坐石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)白象(xiang)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)頭,馱有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)米(mi)多(duo)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)銅花瓶(ping)(ping),瓶(ping)(ping)內植花木(mu)(mu)。庭院(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)東西(xi)明(ming)倫(lun)堂,原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)臨(lin)安府(fu)學(xue)和建水縣學(xue)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)。西(xi)明(ming)倫(lun)堂前有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)(da)奇異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)榕柏(bo)共生樹,榕樹包柏(bo)樹,連理同心(xin),三人才能(neng)合抱(bao)。

大成(cheng)殿后(hou)又陳列著元(yuan)(yuan)明清碑刻十(shi)余塊,其中(zhong)有元(yuan)(yuan)至大元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)武(wu)宗皇帝追(zhui)封孔子(zi)(zi)為(wei)“大成(cheng)至圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)宣王”的(de)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)旨牌,為(wei)滇南現(xian)存最古老的(de)碑刻。其后(hou)為(wei)崇圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殿,是(shi)祈奉(feng)孔子(zi)(zi)父母(mu)的(de)殿堂,雕(diao)梁畫棟,與(yu)大成(cheng)殿相(xiang)呼應,蔚為(wei)壯(zhuang)觀(guan),殿前石欄(lan)上刻有杭州西湖二十(shi)四景(jing)圖。殿東還有倉圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)祠、景(jing)賢(xian)祠。前祠奉(feng)祀(si)傳說(shuo)中(zhong)的(de)漢字創造(zao)者(zhe)倉頡(jie)。后(hou)者(zhe)為(wei)鄉人紀(ji)念(nian)明洪(hong)武(wu)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)被貶謫至此講(jiang)學(xue)(xue)近十(shi)余年(nian)(nian),與(yu)邊地文(wen)稿教有功的(de)文(wen)人學(xue)(xue)士王奎(kui)、韓(han)宜可而建的(de)祠堂,也稱二賢(xian)祠。

崇圣殿后原有尊經部長,為滇南最古老(lao)的(de)藏書樓,已毀(hui),唯剩古柏(bo)百(bai)余株。

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