建(jian)水(shui)風(feng)景(jing)名(ming)(ming)勝區,位于建(jian)水(shui)縣境內,距昆明(ming)299公里。景(jing)區包括(kuo)中(zhong)國歷(li)史文化(hua)名(ming)(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)水(shui)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)和著名(ming)(ming)的風(feng)景(jing)區燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)子(zi)洞(dong)(dong)兩(liang)大部分,面積(ji)115.5平方(fang)公里。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)子(zi)洞(dong)(dong)是亞洲最大、最壯(zhuang)觀(guan)的溶洞(dong)(dong)之一,春(chun)夏有百萬只兩(liang)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)飛舞(wu)巢(chao)居,故稱(cheng)“燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)子(zi)洞(dong)(dong)”。洞(dong)(dong)內包括(kuo)干洞(dong)(dong)和水(shui)洞(dong)(dong)在內的四萬多(duo)平方(fang)米的鐘乳奇觀(guan),每年春(chun)夏之交當(dang)地人攀援(yuan)絕壁采擷(xie)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)窩(wo)的絕技,吸(xi)引著無數中(zhong)外游人前來一飽眼福。1994年,經國務院(yuan)批準,定為第三批國家(jia)級風(feng)景(jing)名(ming)(ming)勝區。建(jian)水(shui)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)定為國家(jia)級歷(li)史文化(hua)名(ming)(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)。
建(jian)水(shui)古(gu)(gu)稱臨安(an),自元(yuan)代以(yi)(yi)后就是滇南政治、文化、交(jiao)通中心,文化發達,人才輩出。這里有保(bao)(bao)存完好,規模宏大(da)(da)的文廟,以(yi)(yi)及(ji)朝陽樓、雙龍橋、指(zhi)林寺、朱家花園等一大(da)(da)批(pi)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu),還有許多保(bao)(bao)存完好的古(gu)(gu)式(shi)民居,堪稱“古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)博物館”。
建(jian)(jian)(jian)水古(gu)城(cheng)位于昆明之南(nan)(nan)220公里,古(gu)稱步頭,亦名巴甸。建(jian)(jian)(jian)水城(cheng)最早為南(nan)(nan)詔時(shi)修筑(zhu)的土城(cheng),1387年(nian)(nian)(nian)(明洪武(wu)二十年(nian)(nian)(nian))擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)為磚城(cheng)。李(li)定國(guo)攻占臨(lin)安城(cheng)時(shi),南(nan)(nan)北西(xi)三(san)城(cheng)樓毀于戰(zhan)火(huo),1665年(nian)(nian)(nian)(康熙四年(nian)(nian)(nian))又復修,后再度毀損。唯有(you)東門朝(chao)陽樓,雖歷經(jing)多(duo)次戰(zhan)亂和(he)地震,仍舊(jiu)巍然屹(yi)立(li)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)水縣在元(yuan)代就(jiu)始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)廟學。明洪武(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)臨(lin)安府(fu)學,萬歷所間(jian)又建(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)水洲儒學。清(qing)代先(xian)后建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)崇正、煥文(wen)、崇文(wen)曲江四個書院。當時(shi),有(you)“臨(lin)半榜”之稱,即云南(nan)(nan)科舉考試(shi)中(zhong)榜者中(zhong),臨(lin)安府(fu)就(jiu)占了(le)半數(shu)左右,堪(kan)稱云南(nan)(nan)之冠,在全國(guo)變不多(duo)見。1994年(nian)(nian)(nian),建(jian)(jian)(jian)水經(jing)國(guo)務院批準(zhun)定為第三(san)批中(zhong)國(guo)歷史(shi)文(wen)化名城(cheng)。
朝陽樓位于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)水縣(xian)城(cheng)中心建(jian)(jian)(jian)中路東端,又(you)稱迎暉門(men)(men)(men)。公元1389年修建(jian)(jian)(jian),是當(dang)時建(jian)(jian)(jian)水城(cheng)的(de)東城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)樓。樓有三層,由48根(gen)合抱(bao)粗的(de)大(da)木柱和(he)許多(duo)粗大(da)的(de)楹梁接合形成(cheng)堅固的(de)構(gou)架,再以磚石砌成(cheng)城(cheng)墻及城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)。樓高24.5米,進(jin)深12.31米,面(mian)(mian)積414平方米,五開(kai)間,三進(jin)間,迥廊周通,三重檐歇山式屋頂(ding)。在頂(ding)層檐下,東面(mian)(mian)懸有清代書(shu)法家涂卓“雄鎮東南”幾(ji)個大(da)字,筆力剛勁,極有氣魄。西面(mian)(mian)懸摹(mo)唐(tang)朝草圣張旭(xu)“飛霞(xia)流云(yun)”狂草榜書(shu),筆法龍飛鳳(feng)舞(wu),瀟灑(sa)飄逸。
建(jian)(jian)水文(wen)廟(miao)位于建(jian)(jian)水縣城西北隅,始建(jian)(jian)于公元(yuan)1285年(nian),后歷(li)代又增修擴建(jian)(jian),占地114畝,是(shi)除了山東(dong)曲阜外的(de)(de)第(di)二(er)大(da)(da)文(wen)廟(miao)。走進文(wen)廟(miao)大(da)(da)門(men),首(shou)先看(kan)(kan)到的(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)20多(duo)畝的(de)(de)大(da)(da)池(chi)塘,碧(bi)波蕩漾,垂柳依(yi)依(yi),名為“學海”。文(wen)廟(miao)后存一(yi)(yi)(yi)殿(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)亭一(yi)(yi)(yi)閣二(er)廡二(er)堂三(san)祠八坊(fang),其中龍(long)以大(da)(da)成殿(dian)最為壯麗(li),正殿(dian)大(da)(da)門(men)的(de)(de)22扇屏(ping)門(men)上(shang),精工雕(diao)刻有(you)(you)(you)近百飛禽走獸的(de)(de)圖案,形態各異,生(sheng)動活(huo)潑。殿(dian)前(qian)(qian)懸掛著(zhu)“先師廟(miao)”三(san)個(ge)鎏金大(da)(da)字,每字長1米,寬1.5米,筆力(li)遒(qiu)勁雄(xiong)渾,氣勢不(bu)凡。殿(dian)前(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)銅(tong)香爐(lu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo),其上(shang)鑄有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)游(you)龍(long),生(sheng)動傳(chuan)神,活(huo)靈(ling)活(huo)現(xian)。庭中古柏下有(you)(you)(you)石象一(yi)(yi)(yi)對,背上(shang)頃著(zhu)5尺(chi)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)青銅(tong)花瓶。廟(miao)內有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)人合(he)抱的(de)(de)蒼天(tian)古木一(yi)(yi)(yi)株(zhu),枝繁(fan)葉(xie)茂,仔(zi)細(xi)辨認(ren),才(cai)看(kan)(kan)得出實際(ji)上(shang)是(shi)兩(liang)樹(shu)共(gong)生(sheng)同體,一(yi)(yi)(yi)株(zhu)是(shi)萬(wan)(wan)年(nian)青,一(yi)(yi)(yi)株(zhu)是(shi)柏樹(shu)。萬(wan)(wan)看(kan)(kan)青緊(jin)緊(jin)把柏樹(shu)包(bao)纏起來(lai),已完全連(lian)理同根,共(gong)生(sheng)共(gong)長,合(he)二(er)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)了,民間戲稱之為“萬(wan)(wan)將(jiang)軍(jun)摟抱白小(xiao)(xiao)姐(jie)”,相(xiang)傳(chuan)此樹(shu)是(shi)在元(yuan)朝種植的(de)(de)。
云龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)位于建水城北(bei)40里,因山(shan)(shan)體(ti)蜿蜒,山(shan)(shan)巔云霧繚(liao)繞(rao),形(xing)如游(you)龍(long)(long)入云狀,故名。云龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)海拔(ba)2100米,山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)巍峨(e),山(shan)(shan)上林木(mu)幽深,景色秀麗。登上山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)俯視,曲江、東壩、西莊(zhuang)、南莊(zhuang)等幾個(ge)大壩子(zi)盡入眼(yan)底。云龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)勝景從1573年(明代萬歷年間)前后就開始建寺開發(fa),后經(jing)歷代興建,曾興盛一時。從山(shan)(shan)腳到山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)有(you)4個(ge)天(tian)門,12個(ge)瑤(yao)臺。真武宮、興圣(sheng)寺、華嚴寺、云窩(wo)寺、觀音殿、三元宮、紫金城等點(dian)綴山(shan)(shan)間。
文(wen)筆(bi)(bi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)位于建(jian)水縣城(cheng)南3公里的拜佛山,建(jian)于1828年。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)基周長31.4米,塔(ta)(ta)(ta)高31.4米,塔(ta)(ta)(ta)體(ti)為青石(shi)(shi)砌(qi)成的實(shi)心石(shi)(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta),下部呈(cheng)(cheng)四方八棱形、中部方形,頂端呈(cheng)(cheng)扁狀(zhuang)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)身不分(fen)級,不裝飾,遠(yuan)遠(yuan)望去,欲如一(yi)支世大的文(wen)筆(bi)(bi)挺立(li),故名文(wen)筆(bi)(bi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)。它造型獨特,式樣別(bie)(bie)致,在(zai)中外(wai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)林中別(bie)(bie)具一(yi)格。
燕(yan)子洞(dong)位于建水古城(cheng)以東28公(gong)里處公(gong)路一側,距昆(kun)明約200公(gong)里。洞(dong)長(chang)4000多(duo)米(mi)(mi),洞(dong)口高50多(duo)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)30多(duo)米(mi)(mi),氣勢雄(xiong)偉,蔚為壯(zhuang)觀。每年春夏之際,有數(shu)十萬(wan)只雨燕(yan)從馬來西(xi)(xi)亞(ya),印度尼西(xi)(xi)亞(ya)等地飛聚(ju)于此筑(zhu)巢孵卵,故名燕(yan)子洞(dong)。
燕子洞分為一(yi)上一(yi)下(xia),一(yi)干一(yi)濕,既可步(bu)行從旱路(lu)時去,亦可乘舟而入。在洞內分布(bu)著三組(zu)規模宏大的巖溶景(jing)觀,共有(you)四萬多(duo)平方米的游覽面積。整個水洞有(you)大小(xiao)廳堂(tang)數十個,景(jing)點數百個。
在燕子洞旅游,也許最令人難忘的(de)就是(shi)那數(shu)十(shi)萬只(zhi)小(xiao)燕子了(le),它們一邊上下(xia)飛舞,一邊呢喃如(ru)語。那嘰嘰嘰的(de)鳴叫聲和洞內(nei)的(de)流水聲一道匯成一曲別致的(de)交響曲,令人浮(fu)想聯翩。
建水文廟? ?7:00-18:30
燕子洞? ? ? 9:00-17:00
建水古城:免費
建水文廟:60元
燕子洞:80元