嘉應(ying)觀是(shi)雍正皇帝(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)念在武陟筑(zhu)壩堵口、祭(ji)祀(si)河(he)神(shen)、封賞治河(he)功(gong)臣,而修建的(de)的(de)座集宮(gong)(gong)、廟(miao)(miao)、衙三位一體黃(huang)淮諸河(he)龍王(wang)廟(miao)(miao),建筑(zhu)風格形似故宮(gong)(gong),有(you)“北(bei)京小故宮(gong)(gong)”之美譽。觀內古樹參天,回廊通幽,靜謐(mi)飄(piao)渺。整(zheng)(zheng)體分南北(bei)兩個大(da)院(yuan)(yuan),北(bei)院(yuan)(yuan)布(bu)局嚴(yan)謹,由(you)三個院(yuan)(yuan)落組(zu)成:中(zhong)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)(dian),南北(bei)依(yi)次(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山門、御碑亭、鼓樓、東(dong)西(xi)更衣殿(dian)(dian)、東(dong)西(xi)龍王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)、大(da)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)、恭儀亭、禹王(wang)閣、風神(shen)殿(dian)(dian)、雨神(shen)殿(dian)(dian)等;東(dong)院(yuan)(yuan)由(you)河(he)道(dao)衙署,是(shi)清(qing)代治理黃(huang)河(he)的(de)指揮中(zhong)心(xin)(現(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嘉應(ying)觀治黃(huang)博物館);西(xi)院(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)道(dao)臺衙署,是(shi)地方(fang)管(guan)理河(he)務(wu)的(de)機構。整(zheng)(zheng)個建筑(zhu)群體富麗豪華,巧(qiao)奪天工,是(shi)黃(huang)河(he)流域現(xian)存規模最(zui)(zui)大(da)、規格最(zui)(zui)高、保存最(zui)(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng),科學、歷史、藝術價值最(zui)(zui)高的(de)黃(huang)河(he)河(he)神(shen)廟(miao)(miao)。
走進(jin)嘉應(ying)觀,酷似皇(huang)冠的(de)御碑(bei)亭,雍正(zheng)御筆書(shu)丹的(de)三龍(long)繞御制鐵胎銅面碑(bei),乾坤倒(dao)置的(de)八卦八音鐘,栩栩如生的(de)龍(long)鳳圖藻井,蟲鳥不進(jin)的(de)無塵殿,奇特(te)的(de)齊縫墻,神奇的(de)姊妹椿如此多(duo)的(de)奇觀會陪(pei)您(nin)走過一(yi)道(dao)道(dao)門檻(jian),引(yin)發您(nin)無限的(de)遐(xia)想,吸引(yin)您(nin)去探秘、去掠(lve)奇。
山(shan)門(men),位(wei)于嘉應觀(guan)南(nan)端,為(wei)單檐(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)頂,頂部覆蓋藍(lan)色琉璃瓦,檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)為(wei)五踩重昂斗拱,外檐(yan)(yan)木質上均有(you)彩繪,門(men)前門(men)牌上書(shu)(shu)有(you)“敕建(jian)嘉應觀(guan)”,為(wei)雍正手書(shu)(shu)。
御碑(bei)(bei)亭位于前院正(zheng)(zheng)中。傘(san)形(xing)(xing)圓頂(ding)(ding)六(liu)角重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)亭式建筑,禇黃色(se)琉(liu)璃(li)瓦(wa)覆蓋,形(xing)(xing)似大清皇(huang)冠(guan)(guan)。亭頂(ding)(ding)有剎(cha),由缽、寶、珠組成,小巧靈瓏。六(liu)條(tiao)垂(chui)(chui)(chui)脊(ji)皆飾(shi)垂(chui)(chui)(chui)獸,戧脊(ji)飾(shi)五小獸。兩層檐(yan)下(xia)均置五踩重(zhong)(zhong)拱重(zhong)(zhong)昂斗拱。大額枋與(yu)平(ping)板枋呈“T”形(xing)(xing),出頭刻霸王拳。亭外層有檐(yan)柱(zhu)六(liu)根(gen),內層有金柱(zhu)六(liu)根(gen),平(ping)枋穿連,形(xing)(xing)成筒式結構,十分堅固。六(liu)面辟(pi)隔扇門窗。亭下(xia)部為(wei)六(liu)角形(xing)(xing)石質(zhi)須彌座臺(tai)基,邊長4.5米(mi),高0.82米(mi),為(wei)束腰形(xing)(xing)石座。腰部浮(fu)雕覆蓮(lian)、乳釘。亭下(xia)前后置垂(chui)(chui)(chui)帶踏垛五級。亭內頂(ding)(ding)部有84根(gen)沿(yan)椽支撐為(wei)傘(san)形(xing)(xing),平(ping)盤藻(zao)井上(shang)繪八卦(gua)圖(tu)案(an)。中垂(chui)(chui)(chui)蓮(lian)柱(zhu),如傘(san)把狀。雍(yong)正(zheng)(zheng)皇(huang)帝(di)重(zhong)(zhong)視武(wu)陟河(he)防,在(zai)建觀(guan)之初(chu)便把頭上(shang)的(de)“皇(huang)冠(guan)(guan)”放于此處,遠觀(guan)“御碑(bei)(bei)亭”傘(san)行(xing)圓頂(ding)(ding),六(liu)角重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan),金黃色(se)琉(liu)璃(li)瓦(wa)覆頂(ding)(ding),非常像清朝皇(huang)帝(di)的(de)帽子,莊嚴而富(fu)麗(li)堂皇(huang)。正(zheng)(zheng)如御碑(bei)(bei)亭楹聯所寫:“河(he)漲河(he)落(luo)維(wei)系皇(huang)冠(guan)(guan)頂(ding)(ding)戴(dai),民心泰否(fou)關乎大清江山”。
嚴殿,位(wei)于嘉應觀(guan)(guan)南部,是(shi)王(wang)公大臣祭祀河(he)神的儀殿,“嘉應觀(guan)(guan)”匾額是(shi)雍正題寫。
大(da)王殿(dian),又(you)稱(cheng)中大(da)殿(dian),位于嘉應觀中部,為重檐歇山回廊式建(jian)筑(zhu),殿(dian)內(nei)正立“欽賜潤(run)毓”金牌,“潤(run)毓”是(shi)(shi)雍正御賜在武陟治(zhi)理黃河的(de)都御史他他拉(la)·牛鈕(niu)的(de)封號(牛鈕(niu)是(shi)(shi)皇帝的(de)皇叔,也是(shi)(shi)嘉應觀的(de)首任主持),殿(dian)前有一碑(bei)為水(shui)清碑(bei),也叫靈石碑(bei)。
恭儀亭(ting),位于(yu)嘉應觀北部,為王公(gong)大臣祭拜禹王前整(zheng)理衣冠(guan)的地方。
道臺衙署(shu),位(wei)于嘉應觀西院,是(shi)(shi)清朝河北道道臺處理治河及滅蝗事物的辦公(gong)場所(suo),設黃沁廳、2間(jian)河兵房、2間(jian)廂房,衙署(shu)北端的院子是(shi)(shi)傅(fu)作(zuo)義和原蘇聯(lian)專家(jia)治理黃河指揮(hui)部的舊址。
河道衙(ya)署(shu),位于嘉應觀東院,是(shi)雍(yong)正治理黃河的辦公(gong)衙(ya)署(shu),設(she)議(yi)事廳、2間執(zhi)事房(fang)、馬廄等(deng)。
治(zhi)(zhi)理黃河(he)指揮部(bu)舊址(zhi),位(wei)于(yu)嘉應觀西北端(duan),為傅(fu)作義(yi)和(he)原蘇聯專家治(zhi)(zhi)理黃河(he)指揮部(bu)舊址(zhi),第一任(ren)水利(li)部(bu)長傅(fu)作義(yi)曾在這里(li)辦公(gong),同住(zhu)于(yu)此的(de)還有(you)首(shou)(shou)任(ren)黃委會主任(ren)王化云(yun)、蘇聯住(zhu)中國首(shou)(shou)席水利(li)專家布(bu)可(ke)夫(fu)、清華大學(xue)教授張光(guang)斗、地質學(xue)家馮景蘭。
前院(yuan)東有鐘(zhong)樓(lou)。重檐歇(xie)山式,方形(xing)(xing)元(yuan)寶脊(ji)(ji)(ji),平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)呈正方形(xing)(xing)建筑。藍琉璃(li)瓦(wa)覆頂,素面(mian)(mian)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)筒,垂脊(ji)(ji)(ji)置(zhi)(zhi)獸頭(tou),戧脊(ji)(ji)(ji)下(xia)方飾五獸。下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)闊三(san)間(jian),進深(shen)(shen)三(san)間(jian)。斗拱(gong)為三(san)踩單昂科。明間(jian)四垛(duo)(duo),次間(jian)一垛(duo)(duo),角(jiao)科與(yu)柱頭(tou)科昂身(shen)寬(kuan)(kuan)度由(you)下(xia)至上(shang)(shang)逐個(ge)加寬(kuan)(kuan),田昂上(shang)(shang)置(zhi)(zhi)寶瓶。平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)枋(fang)與(yu)額(e)枋(fang)呈“T”形(xing)(xing),大額(e)枋(fang)出頭(tou)與(yu)老角(jiao)梁(liang)頭(tou)刻霸王拳。檐柱與(yu)老檐柱間(jian)用單步梁(liang)穿插聯(lian)系。樓(lou)上(shang)(shang)層(ceng)(ceng),面(mian)(mian)闊進深(shen)(shen)皆一間(jian),檐下(xia)置(zhi)(zhi)斗拱(gong),為五踩重拱(gong)重昂。檐檀平(ping)(ping)(ping)枋(fang),額(e)頭(tou)均有龍鳳、花(hua)草(cao)彩繪。尤其是道教神話故(gu)事(shi)的彩繪,頗為珍(zhen)貴。兩樓(lou)上(shang)(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)四壁對置(zhi)(zhi),月形(xing)(xing)圓窗。下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)兩樓(lou)對辟(pi)拱(gong)券門洞,洞周嵌卷草(cao)花(hua)木圖案。入門可(ke)沿木梯而上(shang)(shang)。鐘(zhong)樓(lou)上(shang)(shang)高(gao)懸(xuan)大銅(tong)鐘(zhong)一口,系雍(yong)正初年造(zao)。
前院西有鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)。重檐歇山式,方(fang)形(xing)元(yuan)寶(bao)脊(ji),平面(mian)(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)正(zheng)方(fang)形(xing)建筑。藍琉璃(li)瓦覆頂,素面(mian)(mian)(mian)脊(ji)筒(tong),垂(chui)脊(ji)置(zhi)獸(shou)頭(tou),戧脊(ji)下方(fang)飾五(wu)獸(shou)。下層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)三(san)間(jian),進深(shen)三(san)間(jian)。斗拱為(wei)三(san)踩單昂(ang)科(ke)。明(ming)間(jian)四垛,次間(jian)一(yi)(yi)垛,角科(ke)與(yu)柱(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)科(ke)昂(ang)身寬(kuan)度由下至上(shang)(shang)逐個加寬(kuan),田昂(ang)上(shang)(shang)置(zhi)寶(bao)瓶(ping)。平板(ban)枋與(yu)額枋呈(cheng)“T”形(xing),大(da)額枋出(chu)頭(tou)與(yu)老(lao)角梁頭(tou)刻霸王拳。檐柱(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)老(lao)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)間(jian)用單步梁穿插聯(lian)系(xi)。樓(lou)(lou)上(shang)(shang)層(ceng)(ceng),面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)進深(shen)皆一(yi)(yi)間(jian),檐下置(zhi)斗拱,為(wei)五(wu)踩重拱重昂(ang)。檐檀平枋,額頭(tou)均有龍(long)鳳、花(hua)草彩(cai)繪。尤其(qi)是道教神(shen)話故(gu)事的彩(cai)繪,頗為(wei)珍貴(gui)。兩樓(lou)(lou)上(shang)(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)四壁對置(zhi),月形(xing)圓窗。下層(ceng)(ceng)兩樓(lou)(lou)對辟拱券門洞(dong)(dong),洞(dong)(dong)周嵌卷草花(hua)木圖案。入門可沿木梯而(er)上(shang)(shang)。鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)上(shang)(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)祭神(shen)圓鼓(gu)無存。樓(lou)(lou)下,現陳列牛皮筒(tong)形(xing)大(da)鼓(gu)一(yi)(yi)面(mian)(mian)(mian),為(wei)迎(ying)賓鼓(gu)。
禹王閣又名(ming)后大(da)殿(dian),面闊七(qi)間(jian),進深(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian),重(zhong)檐硬山式(shi)樓(lou)(lou)閣建筑。灰色筒瓦覆(fu)頂,正(zheng)脊(ji)中(zhong)間(jian)飾五(wu)(wu)朵牡丹,兩端邸吻,高大(da)、壯觀。檐下無斗拱(gong),犀頭磚雕花鳥。垂脊(ji)下部置(zhi)龍頭并飾五(wu)(wu)獸(shou)。欄(lan)額為(wei)花牙子,垂蓮柱異常華麗,樓(lou)(lou)上(shang)有出檐平座。木雕竹節欄(lan)桿(gan),頗具南方風格(ge)。樓(lou)(lou)上(shang)前七(qi)間(jian),樓(lou)(lou)下明(ming)三(san)(san)間(jian)均裝隔扇門,兩次(ci)間(jian)置(zhi)隔扇窗(chuang),兩梢間(jian)置(zhi)圓形月亮(liang)窗(chuang)。樓(lou)(lou)內西間(jian)有梯(ti)可(ke)盤旋(xuan)而(er)上(shang)。1988年由(you)省石(shi)刻藝術(shu)館(guan)重(zhong)塑大(da)禹座像(xiang)(xiang)及(ji)二(er)神童(tong)站(zhan)像(xiang)(xiang)于樓(lou)(lou)下。坐像(xiang)(xiang)高大(da)、莊嚴、肅(su)穆。
武陟縣(xian)城乘坐1路公交車(che)到終點站下(xia)車(che)即(ji)到。
1、焦作至嘉應觀:
鄭焦晉高(gao)速(su)—部分收費(fei)路(lu)(lu)段(duan)—收費(fei)路(lu)(lu)段(duan)—修武(wu)/武(wu)陟出口—農信大道—龍源路(lu)(lu)向(xiang)左轉(zhuan)—上迎賓大道—104省(sheng)道—004縣道—中(zhong)心大街/004縣道—嘉應觀。
2、鄭州至嘉應觀:
連(lian)霍高(gao)速惠(hui)濟站、溝趙站上(shang)轉(zhuan)鄭(zheng)云(yun)高(gao)速或(huo)鄭(zheng)云(yun)高(gao)速廣武(wu)站上(shang),從鄭(zheng)云(yun)高(gao)速嘉應觀站下(xia),左拐(guai)3公里即到;廣武(wu)站—嘉應觀站僅需13分(fen)鐘。