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臨淄齊國故城
0 票數:0 #古城址#
臨淄齊國故城是中國西周至戰國齊國都城遺址。在山東省淄博市臨淄區齊都鎮(舊臨淄縣城)的西、北面,東臨淄河,西依古系水。總面積達20余平方公里。是國務院1961年公布的全國文物保護單位。臨淄齊國古城是春秋戰國時期齊國的都城,是列國中較為繁華的都城之一,也是當時候東方重要的政治、經濟、文化中心。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 山(shan)東省淄(zi)(zi)博市臨淄(zi)(zi)區齊都鎮
  • 文物保護單位: 國家第一批(pi)(周)
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臨(lin)淄(zi)齊(qi)國(guo)故城是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)西(xi)周至戰(zhan)國(guo)齊(qi)國(guo)都城遺址。在山東省淄(zi)博市臨(lin)淄(zi)區齊(qi)都鎮(舊(jiu)臨(lin)淄(zi)縣城)的西(xi)、北面,東臨(lin)淄(zi)河(he),西(xi)依古系水(shui)。總面積達20余(yu)平方公里。

臨(lin)淄齊(qi)國古城(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)春秋戰國時期齊(qi)國的(de)都城(cheng)(cheng),是(shi)(shi)列(lie)國中最為(wei)(wei)繁華的(de)都城(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)一,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)當時候(hou)東(dong)方重要的(de)政治、經(jing)濟(ji)、文(wen)化中心。根據《史記(ji)(ji).齊(qi)太公世家》的(de)記(ji)(ji)載,周夷(yi)王十(shi)一年(公元前859年)齊(qi)國第七世國君齊(qi)獻公開始以(yi)臨(lin)淄為(wei)(wei)都城(cheng)(cheng),到(dao)秦(qin)始皇二十(shi)六年(公元前221年)秦(qin)滅齊(qi)止,先后作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)姜(jiang)齊(qi)和田齊(qi)的(de)國都長達630余年。

歷史沿革

周武王滅商后(hou),封姜尚長子丁公(gong)于齊(qi)(qi)(qi),建都(dou)營丘(一(yi)說營丘即(ji)臨(lin)(lin)淄),后(hou)六(liu)世(shi)胡公(gong)遷(qian)(qian)都(dou)于薄姑(gu)(今山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)博(bo)興)。獻(xian)公(gong)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元前859年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))遷(qian)(qian)都(dou)臨(lin)(lin)淄,至秦始(shi)皇二十六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元前221年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)亡(wang)。秦代為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)郡治所。西漢前期和(he)東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢為(wei)諸(zhu)侯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)城(cheng)。臨(lin)(lin)淄作(zuo)為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)城(cheng)達600多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),是戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)期規模較大(da)的城(cheng)市之一(yi)。民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1926年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))日本人曾作(zuo)調(diao)查。中華人民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建立后(hou),山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省文物(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)處多次(ci)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)調(diao)查,1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省文物(wu)(wu)干部訓練班對遺址進(jin)(jin)行(xing)鉆探(tan)和(he)發掘,1964年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)~1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省文物(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)處與北京大(da)學(xue)等單(dan)位(wei),對遺址進(jin)(jin)行(xing)全(quan)面的鉆探(tan)和(he)試掘,1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省文物(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)處再(zai)次(ci)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)發掘。1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中華人民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院公(gong)布為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)文物(wu)(wu)保護單(dan)位(wei)。

遺址遺存

遺址布局

齊(qi)國(guo)故城(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括大城(cheng)(cheng)和(he)小城(cheng)(cheng)兩(liang)(liang)部分,小城(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)大城(cheng)(cheng)的西南方,兩(liang)(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)相連接。大城(cheng)(cheng)南北4.5公里,東西3.5公里余,是官吏、平民(min)及商人居住(zhu)(zhu)的郭城(cheng)(cheng);小城(cheng)(cheng)南北2公里,東西1.5公里,是國(guo)君居住(zhu)(zhu)的宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)。兩(liang)(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)面積15.5平方公里。

故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻殘垣尚存,夯筑痕跡依稀可辨,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門十三座。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)道路縱(zong)橫,多與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門相通。現(xian)已(yi)探明(ming)主要(yao)交通干道十條,小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)三條,大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)七(qi)條。道旁居住(zhu)、作坊遺址遍(bian)布(bu)。東周墓殉馬坑、齊故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)排水道口、孔子聞韶處、桓公臺等(deng)十幾處文物(wu)景點已(yi)向游人開放(fang)。

齊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由大(da)(da)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組成。大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)郭城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),平面(mian)呈長(chang)(chang)方形(xing)(xing),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)最(zui)(zui)(zui)長(chang)(chang)處(chu)4.5公(gong)里,東(dong)(dong)西最(zui)(zui)(zui)寬(kuan)(kuan)處(chu)近4公(gong)里,周長(chang)(chang)14公(gong)里余(yu)。東(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)因(yin)臨(lin)河修筑(zhu),多曲折(zhe)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)用夾板夯(hang)(hang)(hang)筑(zhu),從東(dong)(dong)周至漢(han)代(dai)經(jing)多次增筑(zhu)和(he)修補,基寬(kuan)(kuan)20~30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)(zui)(zui)寬(kuan)(kuan)達(da)43米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。地面(mian)保存最(zui)(zui)(zui)高處(chu)達(da) 5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上。早(zao)期(qi)夯(hang)(hang)(hang)層(ceng)較薄,多小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)杵(chu)夯(hang)(hang)(hang) ,晚期(qi)夯(hang)(hang)(hang)層(ceng)厚,多平夯(hang)(hang)(hang)。已探出(chu)(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men) 6座,東(dong)(dong)西面(mian)各1座,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)各2座,門(men)(men)(men)道寬(kuan)(kuan)一般(ban)(ban)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)(you)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內已探出(chu)(chu) 7條主干道路(lu),大(da)(da)多與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)連(lian)接,有的(de)貫穿全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),路(lu)寬(kuan)(kuan) 6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上,其中兩(liang)條南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)主干道路(lu)寬(kuan)(kuan)達(da)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。這些道路(lu)多十字交叉,把城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內劃分為(wei)若(ruo)干街區(qu)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)宮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),在(zai)大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)西南(nan)(nan)方,東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部嵌入(ru)大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang) 2.5公(gong)里,東(dong)(dong)西寬(kuan)(kuan) 1.5公(gong)里,周長(chang)(chang)7公(gong)里余(yu)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基寬(kuan)(kuan)20~30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)(zui)(zui)寬(kuan)(kuan)處(chu)達(da)60余(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。有5座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men),東(dong)(dong)、西、北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)各1座,南(nan)(nan)面(mian)2 座。東(dong)(dong)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)通(tong)向大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),門(men)(men)(men)道外口兩(liang)側(ce)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)皆(jie)向外凸(tu)出(chu)(chu)。探出(chu)(chu)的(de) 3條主干道路(lu)分別與(yu)南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)、西門(men)(men)(men)和(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)連(lian)接,路(lu)寬(kuan)(kuan) 8~17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。沿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)內側(ce)還有寬(kuan)(kuan) 6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)(you)的(de)“環涂(tu)”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內有排水(shui)(shui)明(ming)渠。大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西部有一條南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)干渠,南(nan)(nan)與(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)角城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕相接,北(bei)(bei)(bei)部分為(wei) 2支(zhi),一支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)注入(ru)北(bei)(bei)(bei)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河,一支(zhi)向西北(bei)(bei)(bei)出(chu)(chu)西墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)注入(ru)系(xi)水(shui)(shui)。東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部也有水(shui)(shui)渠分別注入(ru)北(bei)(bei)(bei)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河和(he)淄河。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有曲尺(chi)形(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)渠,經(jing)宮殿區(qu)穿西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)注入(ru)系(xi)水(shui)(shui)。在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)處(chu)均(jun)有自然石(shi)疊砌(qi)的(de)排水(shui)(shui)道口,已發掘(jue)的(de)西墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)排水(shui)(shui)道口東(dong)(dong)西長(chang)(chang)16.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)約7~8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高約 3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。有3層(ceng)流水(shui)(shui)孔(kong)(kong),每(mei)層(ceng)5孔(kong)(kong),各層(ceng)孔(kong)(kong)互(hu)相錯列。水(shui)(shui)孔(kong)(kong)一般(ban)(ban)高50厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)40厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)(you)。排水(shui)(shui)道口及東(dong)(dong)西進出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)道的(de)兩(liang)壁均(jun)用石(shi)塊壘砌(qi),底鋪石(shi)塊。

墓葬特點

大城(cheng)內(nei)發(fa)現(xian)兩處(chu)墓(mu)(mu)地,一處(chu)在城(cheng)東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)河崖頭(tou)、東(dong)古(gu)城(cheng)一帶,已 探出大中(zhong)型(xing)墓(mu)(mu)20余座,有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)大墓(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)口面(mian)積(ji)40米見方,有(you)(you)(you)南(nan)北(bei)墓(mu)(mu)道。在其中(zhong) 1座甲字型(xing)大墓(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)東(dong)、西、北(bei)三面(mian)發(fa)現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)殉馬(ma)坑,據已發(fa)掘(jue)部(bu)分推算,共殉馬(ma) 600余匹。這一帶墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)中(zhong)出土的(de)(de)隨(sui)葬(zang)品(pin)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)不少(shao)精美的(de)(de)青(qing)銅(tong)器,均屬西周和春秋時期,當是姜齊(qi)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)墓(mu)(mu)地。另一處(chu)在大城(cheng)南(nan)部(bu)劉家寨、邰院一帶,這里的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)都是積(ji)石、積(ji)蛤(ha)殼(ke)的(de)(de)中(zhong)型(xing)墓(mu)(mu)。城(cheng)南(nan)一帶有(you)(you)(you)多處(chu)東(dong)周墓(mu)(mu)地。在南(nan)城(cheng)外約0.5公(gong)(gong)里的(de)(de)郎家莊發(fa)掘(jue)一座戰(zhan)國早期人(ren)殉墓(mu)(mu),槨(guo)室周圍埋有(you)(you)(you)17個(ge)女性殉葬(zang)人(ren),年齡最小的(de)(de)15歲,皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)墓(mu)(mu)坑和棺槨(guo),陪葬(zang)者均有(you)(you)(you)豐富的(de)(de)隨(sui)葬(zang)品(pin)。臨淄故城(cheng)南(nan)10公(gong)(gong)里左(zuo)右(you)的(de)(de)牛山一帶,今(jin)猶存高大的(de)(de)封土堆10余座,有(you)(you)(you)稱“四王冢(zhong)”、“二(er)王冢(zhong)”,當為田齊(qi)時的(de)(de)王陵(ling)。

遺跡分布

宮殿區在小城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)部(bu),地下分布有(you)(you)(you)大面積的(de)夯(hang)土基址。其中心(xin)建(jian)(jian)筑為一(yi)高(gao)14米(mi)、南(nan)北(bei)長86米(mi)、東(dong)西(xi)寬(kuan)70米(mi)的(de)夯(hang)土臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基,俗稱桓公臺(tai)(tai)(tai),頂部(bu)分為 3層。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)東(dong)北(bei)發掘了(le)1處宮室建(jian)(jian)筑遺(yi)址。建(jian)(jian)筑分為2層,上層屬西(xi)漢時(shi)期,下層為東(dong)周時(shi)期。小城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)較小夯(hang)筑臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基,四周以自然石甃砌,與桓公臺(tai)(tai)(tai)遙相(xiang)呼應,周圍地勢低洼,當是臺(tai)(tai)(tai)榭別(bie)館(guan)遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)。小城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)門外有(you)(you)(you)泉,古有(you)(you)(you)中池,是齊國的(de)苑囿。現(xian)存高(gao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基址“歇馬臺(tai)(tai)(tai)”可(ke)能是《左傳》中提(ti)到(dao)的(de)“遄臺(tai)(tai)(tai)”遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)。西(xi)北(bei)約10公里有(you)(you)(you)“梧臺(tai)(tai)(tai)”,高(gao)28米(mi),上部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)花紋鋪地磚(zhuan)、陶(tao)排水管等遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji)(ji),當是齊的(de)別(bie)館(guan)離宮遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)。

大城中部(bu)(bu)偏(pian)西和(he)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)有大片戰國、漢代(dai)冶(ye)鐵遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)和(he)北部(bu)(bu)有東(dong)周(zhou)與漢代(dai)制骨遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),中部(bu)(bu)闞(kan)家(jia)莊(zhuang)東(dong)南(nan)有漢代(dai)冶(ye)銅(tong)、鑄(zhu)錢遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),中部(bu)(bu)偏(pian)南(nan)劉家(jia)寨周(zhou)圍有大型夯(hang)土建筑基址(zhi)(zhi)。小城南(nan)部(bu)(bu)有煉鐵、冶(ye)銅(tong)和(he)鑄(zhu)錢遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。

大(da)量的手工業作坊遺址(zhi)(zhi),就分(fen)布在(zai)這些(xie)文化堆(dui)積(ji)之中(zhong)。今(jin)已發現冶鐵遺址(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)處(chu)、煉(lian)銅遺址(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)(liang)處(chu)、鑄錢遺址(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)(liang)處(chu),制骨遺址(zhi)(zhi)四處(chu)。分(fen)述于下:

冶鐵遺址

臨淄(zi)是冶鐵(tie)(tie)中(zhong)心之一(yi),冶鐵(tie)(tie)遺(yi)址數(shu)量多(duo),面(mian)(mian)積大;出(chu)土(tu)鐵(tie)(tie)器(qi)(qi)(qi)數(shu)量多(duo),種(zhong)類(lei)齊全(quan),足可以證明當時(shi)臨淄(zi)冶鐵(tie)(tie)業的(de)繁盛(sheng)。目前臨淄(zi)齊故(gu)城勘探發(fa)現六處(chu)冶鐵(tie)(tie)遺(yi)址,其(qi)中(zhong)兩處(chu)面(mian)(mian)積達40萬平方米,這(zhe)在全(quan)國是罕見(jian)的(de);另外臨淄(zi)商王墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地三座墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)出(chu)土(tu)鐵(tie)(tie)器(qi)(qi)(qi)103件,臨淄(zi)窩托齊王墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)五個(ge)陪葬坑(keng),出(chu)土(tu)鐵(tie)(tie)器(qi)(qi)(qi)約401件,均是周至漢(han)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬中(zhong)早(zao)期鐵(tie)(tie)器(qi)(qi)(qi)出(chu)土(tu)量較大的(de)。

小城(cheng)西(xi)部冶鐵(tie)遺(yi)址:在小城(cheng)西(xi)門(men)東北200米(mi)處。范圍(wei)南(nan)北約150米(mi)、東西(xi)約100米(mi),屬下層(ceng)堆(dui)積(ji)(這(zhe)一帶有兩層(ceng)堆(dui)積(ji),厚二米(mi)左(zuo)右)。周圍(wei)有許多夯土遺(yi)存,其間并有10米(mi)寬的(de)道(dao)路通向西(xi)門(men)。

小城(cheng)東(dong)(dong)部冶(ye)鐵(tie)遺址(zhi):位于今臨淄城(cheng)關面粉廠北400米(mi)處,西(xi)距辛(辛店)、東(dong)(dong)(東(dong)(dong)營)公(gong)路約100米(mi)。范圍(wei)南北約70米(mi)、東(dong)(dong)西(xi)約60米(mi)。經鉆探(tan)得知(zhi),屬第二層堆積(這里一般有三層堆積,厚(hou)二米(mi)左右),曾有探(tan)孔(kong)在(zai)鐵(tie)渣之(zhi)下的(de)(de)路土中(zhong)瓷片,可(ke)能是一晚(wan)期的(de)(de)冶(ye)鐵(tie)遺址(zhi)。

大(da)城西部(bu)冶鐵(tie)遺(yi)址:在大(da)城南北河道以西,石(shi)佛(fo)堂(tang)村(cun)及村(cun)南一帶,范圍約四至五萬平方(fang)米,屬(shu)第三(san)層堆積(這一帶有三(san)層堆積,厚二米下下),應是(shi)一東周(zhou)晚(wan)期的煉鐵(tie)遺(yi)址。

大城中部偏西的冶鐵遺址:在南北河道以東,位于付家(jia)廟村西和(he)西南一(yi)(yi)帶(dai),面積約四十萬平方米(mi),屬下層(ceng)堆積(這一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)般有(you)兩層(ceng)堆積,厚一(yi)(yi)米(mi)至二米(mi))。

大(da)城南(nan)部冶鐵遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi):位于小(xiao)城東門以東,韶院村西,劉家(jia)寨村南(nan)的(de)大(da)片(pian)地(di)區都有(you)冶鐵遺(yi)(yi)跡存在(zai),但(dan)中(zhong)心(xin)地(di)區似在(zai)大(da)城南(nan)墻(qiang)西門以內,大(da)道的(de)兩側,面積約四十萬(wan)平方米,屬于二、三(san)層堆積(這一帶(dai)一般有(you)三(san)個地(di)層堆積,厚二至三(san)米以上(shang))。這是(shi)六(liu)處(chu)冶鐵遺(yi)(yi)跡中(zhong)規(gui)模大(da),遺(yi)(yi)跡最豐富的(de)一處(chu)。在(zai)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)內,特別是(shi)它的(de)北部一喧有(you)許(xu)多夯(hang)土(tu)基址(zhi),曾(ceng)在(zai)此發現過漢(han)“齊鐵官丞(cheng)”,“齊采(cai)鐵印”等封泥,當是(shi)漢(han)代的(de)“鐵官”所在(zai)。

大(da)城東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部(bu)冶(ye)鐵遺(yi)址:在(zai)闞家(jia)寨(zhai)村的東(dong)(dong)南和村北(bei),崔(cui)(cui)家(jia)莊的東(dong)(dong)北(bei)和村北(bei),河崖(ya)頭村西等大(da)片(pian)地區都(dou)有(you)冶(ye)鐵遺(yi)跡存(cun)在(zai),分布較廣,但(dan)不(bu)集中(zhong)。遺(yi)跡較豐富處在(zai)崔(cui)(cui)家(jia)莊東(dong)(dong)北(bei)至村西北(bei)一(yi)帶,面(mian)積約(yue)30,000—40,000平方米,這一(yi)帶地層(ceng)堆(dui)積厚,離(li)地一(yi)般都(dou)在(zai)三(san)以上,有(you)三(san)層(ceng)堆(dui)積,冶(ye)鐵遺(yi)跡屬第二(er)層(ceng),當(dang)屬東(dong)(dong)周(zhou)時期。

煉銅遺址

小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)南(nan)部煉銅(tong)遺(yi)址(zhi):分兩片,一(yi)片是在小(xiao)(xiao)徐村(cun)北(bei)(bei)(bei),其(qi)范(fan)圍東西(xi)約(yue)80米,南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)100余米,屬下層文化堆積(ji)(這一(yi)帶地層堆積(ji)三米左右,共兩層);另(ling)一(yi)片位于西(xi)關石羊(yang)村(cun)北(bei)(bei)(bei)頭,其(qi)范(fan)圍東西(xi)約(yue)150米,南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)100米,層位與前者相同。皆屬東周時期。

大(da)城(cheng)東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)煉銅遺址:位于(yu)闞(kan)家(jia)寨東(dong)南及(ji)東(dong)北(bei)方向(xiang)的(de)“韓信嶺”一帶(dai),探知這一帶(dai)地層堆積有四層,銅渣(zha)(zha)、爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)、燒(shao)土(tu)等發現于(yu)二至三(san)層之間,第(di)三(san)層是灰綠土(tu),質(zhi)堅實,從試(shi)掘中知是春秋前(qian)期的(de)地層。

鑄錢遺址

臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)(zi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)周代(dai)(dai)齊(qi)國都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)和漢(han)代(dai)(dai)齊(qi)郡(jun)(jun)郡(jun)(jun)治及齊(qi)王國都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)所在(zai)地(di),不僅是春秋戰國時(shi)期(qi)東方工商業(ye)大都(dou)市,而(er)(er)且在(zai)漢(han)代(dai)(dai)工商業(ye)依然(ran)高(gao)度發達,直(zhi)到新莽時(shi)期(qi)仍(reng)是全國五大工商業(ye)都(dou)市之(zhi)一,因(yin)此,臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)(zi)齊(qi)國故城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址遺(yi)留有(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)東周秦漢(han)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手工業(ye)遺(yi)存(cun)。20世紀50年代(dai)(dai)以來,臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)(zi)齊(qi)國故城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址中東周秦漢(han)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)(qian)范多有(you)發現,為(wei)(wei)(wei)研究(jiu)當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)(qian)幣鑄(zhu)造業(ye)提供(gong)了實物證據,而(er)(er)新莽時(shi)期(qi)大布(bu)黃千銅錢(qian)(qian)范的(de)(de)(de)(de)發現,更為(wei)(wei)(wei)研究(jiu)新莽時(shi)期(qi)臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)(zi)(新莽時(shi)期(qi)臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)(zi)曾(ceng)更名曰(yue)“齊(qi)陵(ling)”)的(de)(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)(qian)幣鑄(zhu)造業(ye)提供(gong)了珍貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)實物資料。

大(da)布(bu)黃(huang)千(qian)銅錢(qian)范,1984年出土于臨(lin)淄齊國故(gu)城的大(da)城北部,現收(shou)藏(zang)于齊國故(gu)城遺址(zhi)博物館。錢(qian)范共(gong)2件,館藏(zang)編(bian)號分別為P30018和P30019,均為銅質錢(qian)范模。

錢范(fan)P30018,整器(qi)呈圓角(jiao)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)淺盤狀,有(you)邊框(kuang),寬(kuan)沿外(wai)折。范(fan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)邊長為(wei)(wei)(wei)8.1×8.2厘米(mi),折沿最寬(kuan)處為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.4厘米(mi),最窄(zhai)處為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.3厘米(mi)。范(fan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)盤中(zhong)(zhong)心有(you)一(yi)(yi)個凸(tu)起的(de)(de)圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)澆道模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),直徑0.8厘米(mi),有(you)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)中(zhong)(zhong)線縱(zong)向穿過圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)澆道模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)并將(jiang)范(fan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)均分為(wei)(wei)(wei)左(zuo)右(you)(you)兩部分,應為(wei)(wei)(wei)制作母(mu)范(fan)時的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)線。范(fan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)內左(zuo)右(you)(you)各設有(you)布(bu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)錢模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)一(yi)(yi)枚,一(yi)(yi)正(zheng)一(yi)(yi)反,右(you)(you)側為(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)錢模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),左(zuo)側為(wei)(wei)(wei)反面(mian)(mian)錢模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),正(zheng)、反錢模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)線的(de)(de)上(shang)部有(you)一(yi)(yi)圓穿模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)錢模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)凸(tu)起“大布(bu)黃千”的(de)(de)陽文(wen)。正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)錢模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)上(shang)、下(xia)(xia)和右(you)(you)側各有(you)一(yi)(yi)個三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)凸(tu)起作為(wei)(wei)(wei)榫釘,反面(mian)(mian)錢模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)上(shang)、下(xia)(xia)和左(zuo)側各有(you)一(yi)(yi)個凹下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)卯孔。范(fan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)背面(mian)(mian)也呈圓角(jiao)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)淺盤狀,邊長為(wei)(wei)(wei)7.1×7.9厘米(mi),盤底鑄有(you)陽文(wen)“大出一(yi)(yi)”字(zi)樣。

錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)范(fan)P30019,整(zheng)器(qi)形制、結(jie)構均與錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)范(fan)P30018相同,但(dan)范(fan)模(mo)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)邊框的(de)邊長為8.7×9.2厘米(mi),折沿最寬(kuan)處(chu)為0.8厘米(mi),最窄處(chu)為0.4厘米(mi)。背面(mian)(mian)邊長為8.1×8.1厘米(mi)。其他不同之(zhi)處(chu)在于:淺盤狀(zhuang)范(fan)模(mo)內的(de)大(da)布黃千錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)模(mo),左(zuo)側(ce)為正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)模(mo),右側(ce)為反面(mian)(mian)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)模(mo);右側(ce)有3個凸起的(de)三(san)角形榫(sun)釘,左(zuo)側(ce)有3個凹下(xia)的(de)三(san)角形卯(mao)孔;范(fan)模(mo)背面(mian)(mian)的(de)陽文為“大(da)山一”。

這兩件銅質(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模可各自單獨使用(yong),用(yong)以(yi)翻(fan)制泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模正面(mian)錢(qian)(qian)模四周(zhou)凹(ao)凸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)榫卯結構,在(zai)(zai)翻(fan)制泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)上形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凸起(qi)(qi)和(he)凹(ao)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)榫卯,用(yong)于鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)定位。用(yong)這種錢(qian)(qian)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模翻(fan)制出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)片,背面(mian)平整;正面(mian)有凹(ao)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)布黃千的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型腔,中(zhong)央有圓(yuan)形(xing)穿孔作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)澆(jiao)(jiao)道(dao),四周(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三角形(xing)凹(ao)凸作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)合范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定位。同(tong)一(yi)(yi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模翻(fan)制出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩件泥(ni)(ni)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)片正面(mian)相(xiang)合,構成一(yi)(yi)盒(he)(he)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),可同(tong)時(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造2枚錢(qian)(qian)幣。若干盒(he)(he)泥(ni)(ni)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)豎向層層壘(lei)疊(die)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)(qi),構成一(yi)(yi)組疊(die)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),澆(jiao)(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)可同(tong)時(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)出(chu)(chu)錢(qian)(qian)幣數枚乃至數十枚。立式疊(die)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)法鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)西(xi)漢時(shi)期出(chu)(chu)現,新(xin)莽(mang)時(shi)期流行開來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種錢(qian)(qian)幣鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi),是鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)大(da)進(jin)步。疊(die)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)(ni)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)雖然一(yi)(yi)般只能使用(yong)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)即被毀(hui)棄(qi),但疊(die)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模是銅質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),可以(yi)反(fan)復多次(ci)使用(yong),用(yong)以(yi)翻(fan)制大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)(zhi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)片用(yong)于澆(jiao)(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)銅錢(qian)(qian)。這不僅提高了生產(chan)效率,而且還保證(zheng)了錢(qian)(qian)幣形(xing)制及重量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)致性。

據《漢(han)書·食貨志(zhi)》載(zai),大(da)布(bu)(bu)黃千(qian)是(shi)王莽在(zai)(zai)始建國二年(nian)(公元10年(nian))進行(xing)第三次貨幣改制中新鑄(zhu)行(xing)的貨幣之一,“大(da)布(bu)(bu),長二寸(cun)四分,重一兩,而(er)值(zhi)千(qian)錢(qian)(qian)矣。”新莽時期的大(da)布(bu)(bu)黃千(qian)銅錢(qian)(qian),在(zai)(zai)各(ge)地(di)多有發(fa)現,但是(shi),大(da)布(bu)(bu)黃千(qian)錢(qian)(qian)范(fan)(fan)卻少有發(fa)現。因此,臨(lin)淄齊故城(cheng)大(da)布(bu)(bu)黃千(qian)銅范(fan)(fan)模的發(fa)現,對于研究新莽時期的錢(qian)(qian)幣鑄(zhu)造(zao)工藝和錢(qian)(qian)幣鑄(zhu)造(zao)業無疑具有重要的學術價值(zhi)。

齊(qi)刀幣(bi)鑄(zhu)址(zhi):位于小(xiao)城(cheng)南(nan)部居(ju)中安(an)合村(cun)(cun)南(nan),靠近(jin)城(cheng)墻。其(qi)范圍自安(an)河村(cun)(cun)南(nan)東(dong)(dong)西路起,向北(bei)200米,村(cun)(cun)南(nan)南(nan)北(bei)路向東(dong)(dong)向西各100米。上層已(yi)受(shou)到(dao)嚴重擾亂(luan),曾出土過“齊(qi)法(fa)化”刀幣(bi)和鑄(zhu)范。

西漢“半兩”錢(qian)鑄(zhu)址:位(wei)于闞(kan)家(jia)寨村(cun)南一帶,村(cun)南的東部和西部都有(you)成批(pi) “半兩錢(qian)范(fan)”出土,耕(geng)土層下即(ji)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)遺跡(ji)。其范(fan)圍闞(kan)家(jia)寨村(cun)南南北中心路(lu)向(xiang)西180米,向(xiang)東250米,南起變壓器(qi)向(xiang)北250米。在(zai)這片范(fan)圍內,亦間(jian)有(you)居(ju)住(zhu)區、冶鐵、煉銅(tong)遺址。

制骨遺址

故城內(nei)制骨(gu)作坊(fang)遺(yi)跡(ji)范圍(wei)較廣,主要在大(da)城東北部和北部,比(bi)較集(ji)中(zhong)的有四(si)處地方,即崔(cui)家莊(zhuang)東北;河崖頭(tou)村西(xi)南(nan)部;東古城村以南(nan);田家莊(zhuang)東北。這里的遺(yi)物十分豐富,不僅出土過刀(dao)石(shi)砥礪,而且殘骨(gu)余(yu)料遍地皆是。

城內(nei)出土了大(da)(da)批陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)、瓦(wa)、瓦(wa)當(dang)(dang)(dang)和(he)(he)錢(qian)(qian)范(fan)(fan)等(deng)。陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)高圈足(zu)簋、豆(dou)、盂等(deng)類(lei)器(qi)(qi)較(jiao)多(duo),陶(tao)鬲有(you)(you)繩(sheng)(sheng)紋鬲和(he)(he)素面(mian)鬲兩大(da)(da)類(lei),繩(sheng)(sheng)紋鬲又(you)有(you)(you)周(zhou)(zhou)式(shi)(shi)鬲和(he)(he)齊式(shi)(shi)鬲兩種,一直延續到戰(zhan)國(guo)時期。東周(zhou)(zhou)陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)行戳印的陶(tao)文,內(nei)容多(duo)屬作器(qi)(qi)者居(ju)地和(he)(he)人(ren)名(ming)。瓦(wa)當(dang)(dang)(dang)多(duo)素面(mian),少數飾樹(shu)木雙(shuang)獸、雙(shuang)目(mu)和(he)(he)樹(shu)木卷草紋,偶見“天齊”瓦(wa)當(dang)(dang)(dang)和(he)(he)卷云紋、獸面(mian)紋瓦(wa)當(dang)(dang)(dang)。戰(zhan)國(guo)時期多(duo)半(ban)瓦(wa)當(dang)(dang)(dang),漢代多(duo)圓瓦(wa)當(dang)(dang)(dang)。錢(qian)(qian)范(fan)(fan)有(you)(you)戰(zhan)國(guo)“齊法(fa)化”陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)和(he)(he)西漢“半(ban)兩”、“五銖”石范(fan)(fan)。遺(yi)物反(fan)映的文化特征與燕、趙比較(jiao)接近。

手工作坊遺址

故城內,發現(xian)了冶鐵、煉銅(tong)(tong)、鑄(zhu)錢、鑄(zhu)鏡(jing)和制骨(gu)等(deng)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)手工(gong)作坊(fang)遺(yi)(yi)址多(duo)(duo)處,其中,冶鐵遺(yi)(yi)址6處,煉銅(tong)(tong)遺(yi)(yi)址2處,鑄(zhu)錢遺(yi)(yi)址2處,鑄(zhu)鏡(jing)遺(yi)(yi)址2處,制骨(gu)作坊(fang)遺(yi)(yi)址4處。另(ling)外,大城還(huan)有多(duo)(duo)處陶窯遺(yi)(yi)址。

齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)保存完整,地上(shang)地下(xia)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)古跡十分豐(feng)富、在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)史(shi)上(shang)占據(ju)著重(zhong)要地位。1961年3月(yue)4日(ri),故(gu)城(cheng)被國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院公布為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單(dan)位;1994年1月(yue)4日(ri),被國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院公布為(wei)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)名城(cheng)”。 2005年,臨淄(zi)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)列入(ru)“十一五”中(zhong)央政(zheng)府引導的(de)大遺(yi)址保護項目;2006年12月(yue)15日(ri),臨淄(zi)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)故(gu)都與齊(qi)王陵進入(ru)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)局公布的(de)《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)世界(jie)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)產預備名單(dan)》,列第(di)17位,是山東(dong)省入(ru)選的(de)單(dan)列項目。

排水系統

齊故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)利用(yong)淄河(he)和(he)系水(shui)(shui)(shui)作東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩面的(de)自然護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)。筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之時,又在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外(wai)挖筑(zhu)了人工(gong)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕溝(gou)6140米(mi);小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、北(bei)(bei)、南(nan)(nan)和(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)南(nan)(nan)段(接系水(shui)(shui)(shui)),挖筑(zhu)了人工(gong)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕溝(gou)5780米(mi),與淄河(he)、系水(shui)(shui)(shui)相連(lian)通,使(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四(si)面環水(shui)(shui)(shui),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池俱(ju)備,構成了一個(ge)完整的(de)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)網。筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)下(xia)設(she)置(zhi)了精巧而科(ke)學(xue)的(de)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口(kou)。齊故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)有(you)三大(da)(da)(da)(da)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong),四(si)個(ge)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口(kou)。1號(hao)(hao)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong),位(wei)于(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)宮殿區,南(nan)(nan)起桓公臺的(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan),通過桓公臺的(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)和(he)北(bei)(bei)部(bu),向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)穿(chuan)過西(xi)(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)下(xia)的(de)①號(hao)(hao)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口(kou)注入(ru)系水(shui)(shui)(shui),全長(chang)700米(mi),寬20米(mi)。2號(hao)(hao)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong),位(wei)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)部(bu),由一條南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)和(he)一條東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)組成,南(nan)(nan)起小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)角,順(shun)南(nan)(nan)高(gao)北(bei)(bei)低的(de)地(di)勢直通大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)的(de)②號(hao)(hao)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)注入(ru)北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)外(wai)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕,全長(chang)2800米(mi),寬30米(mi),深(shen)3米(mi)左右。東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)是在(zai)(zai)這條南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)的(de)北(bei)(bei)段向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)分出一支流(liu),流(liu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)通過大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)的(de)③號(hao)(hao)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口(kou)流(liu)入(ru)系水(shui)(shui)(shui),長(chang)1000米(mi),寬20米(mi)左右。這一排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)承擔著大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內絕大(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分的(de)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)排(pai)泄。3號(hao)(hao)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong),位(wei)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu),長(chang)約(yue)800米(mi),起點不明,止于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)北(bei)(bei)段的(de)④號(hao)(hao)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口(kou),流(liu)入(ru)淄河(he)。

1979年,文物考古部(bu)門對(dui)③號排(pai)(pai)水(shui)道(dao)口進行了發(fa)掘清理。發(fa)現此段城墻墻基寬(kuan)40米,排(pai)(pai)水(shui)道(dao)口建在(zai)城墻下(xia),排(pai)(pai)水(shui)道(dao)口呈東(dong)西向,用自然青石壘砌構筑(zhu),總長42米,寬(kuan)7至10.5米左右。由進水(shui)道(dao)、過水(shui)道(dao)、出水(shui)道(dao)三部(bu)分(fen)構成。過水(shui)道(dao)用石塊構筑(zhu)出15個方形(xing)小(xiao)過水(shui)孔,水(shui)孔分(fen)上、中、下(xia)三層(ceng),每(mei)層(ceng)5孔,水(shui)經石隙而(er)過,人(ren)卻不能(neng)(neng)通(tong)過,既能(neng)(neng)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)又(you)能(neng)(neng)御敵,建造(zao)十分(fen)科學。

交通干道

故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)、小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)發現10條(tiao)干(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao),其中(zhong)小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)有3條(tiao),大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)有7條(tiao)。小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)干(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao):東(dong)側門(men)(men)大(da)道(dao)(dao),現保(bao)存(cun)約(yue)(yue)1200米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);西(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)大(da)道(dao)(dao),長(chang)約(yue)(yue)650米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)大(da)道(dao)(dao),南(nan)伸(shen)尚(shang)存(cun)1430米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬6至(zhi)(zhi)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)干(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao):東(dong)部(bu)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)干(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao),自(zi)南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)東(dong)門(men)(men)通(tong)向東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei),全(quan)長(chang)3300余米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);中(zhong)部(bu)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)干(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao),全(quan)長(chang)4400米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao),自(zi)東(dong)門(men)(men)西(xi)(xi)(xi)行(xing)偏西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei),直(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),長(chang)約(yue)(yue)3600米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右;北(bei)(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)大(da)道(dao)(dao),南(nan)伸(shen),與(yu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)相(xiang)接,現存(cun)650米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多;中(zhong)部(bu)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao),長(chang)2500多米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右;西(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)大(da)道(dao)(dao),東(dong)伸(shen)約(yue)(yue)1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)至(zhi)(zhi)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。此外,在(zai)離(li)南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)200至(zhi)(zhi)300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有一條(tiao)與(yu)南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)平(ping)行(xing)的道(dao)(dao)路(lu),長(chang)約(yue)(yue)1900米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬4至(zhi)(zhi)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);西(xi)(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)附近(jin)與(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)平(ping)行(xing)的南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)道(dao)(dao)路(lu),南(nan)通(tong)小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men),寬4至(zhi)(zhi)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。除后兩條(tiao)和小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)干(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)可能(neng)是晚期的道(dao)(dao)路(lu)外,其余均為故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)早期的主要交通(tong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)。大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的兩條(tiao)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)道(dao)(dao)與(yu)兩條(tiao)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)大(da)道(dao)(dao)在(zai)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)相(xiang)交叉(cha),形成一“井”字形,這(zhe)一帶應是都城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)最繁華的市井中(zhong)心。

文物價值

臨(lin)(lin)淄齊國(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)有規模龐(pang)大、保存(cun)完(wan)整的城(cheng)建設施、宮(gong)殿建筑遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、手工業作坊遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)墓葬區,這(zhe)在其他先秦王都(dou)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中極為罕見。臨(lin)(lin)淄齊國(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規模龐(pang)大,都(dou)城(cheng)各功(gong)能分區均保存(cun)完(wan)整,雖(sui)歷(li)經三千多(duo)年風(feng)雨,仍(reng)可清晰的窺其“海內名(ming)都(dou)”的風(feng)采。在眾(zhong)多(duo)的先秦國(guo)都(dou)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,臨(lin)(lin)淄齊國(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保存(cun)較(jiao)完(wan)整的遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之一。 

遺址保護

1964~1966年,省文物部門對齊故城進行了(le)普(pu)探(tan)和(he)試掘(jue),劃出(chu)保護(hu)(hu)范圍和(he)一般保護(hu)(hu)范圍,樹立(li)了(le)標(biao)志,組織(zhi)起群(qun)眾性的保護(hu)(hu)網。

1975年建立臨(lin)淄區(qu)文物(wu)保管所,1981年建立臨(lin)淄區(qu)文物(wu)管理委員(yuan)會。

1981~1983年(nian),對“桓(huan)公臺”、小城北墻遺(yi)跡、“晏嬰冢”、大(da)城西墻排水道口、殉馬坑(keng)以及城外的“三士冢”遺(yi)跡和墓葬進行維護,樹立了標志說明。

齊國故城遺址博物館

齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)遺址(zhi)博(bo)物館位于(yu)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)宮城(cheng)遺址(zhi)東部(bu),于(yu)1984年建立。是以齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)大城(cheng)與(yu)(yu)小城(cheng)相互(hu)銜接(jie)的(de)特殊(shu)形(xing)(xing)制(zhi)作外形(xing)(xing),青磚(zhuan)砌壘,形(xing)(xing)似古代城(cheng)堡。總建筑面(mian)積2600平方(fang)米,頂高(gao)15米,四周(zhou)(zhou)有宮殿建筑遺址(zhi)桓公臺(tai)、齊(qi)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻遺址(zhi)、排(pai)水(shui)道口、東周(zhou)(zhou)墓殉(xun)馬(ma)坑、孔子聞韶處、晏嬰墓、三士冢、稷下學宮、營丘故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)等(deng)眾多遺址(zhi)。齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)遺址(zhi)博(bo)物館的(de)基本陳列是《齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)歷(li)史(shi)陳列》。該陳列1997年完(wan)成,陳列面(mian)積1500平方(fang)米。內分(fen)14個(ge)展(zhan)廳(ting)(ting)(ting),有序廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、龍山廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、西周(zhou)(zhou)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、春秋(qiu)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、韶樂廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、武威(wei)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、城(cheng)郭廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、科(ke)技(ji)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、秦漢廳(ting)(ting)(ting)等(deng)15個(ge)展(zhan)廳(ting)(ting)(ting),展(zhan)柜(ju)21個(ge),壁龕6個(ge),異(yi)型展(zhan)柜(ju)2個(ge),展(zhan)出先齊(qi)至秦漢時期重要文(wen)物308件(jian)(套(tao)),復制(zhi)文(wen)物35件(jian)(套(tao)),圖(tu)表(biao)13塊,壁畫(hua)12幅,照片(pian)50張,歷(li)史(shi)名人(ren)(ren)雕塑8個(ge)。通(tong)過(guo)300多件(jian)珍貴(gui)文(wen)物和(he)大量的(de)文(wen)獻資(zi)料、模型、沙盤、雕塑、照片(pian)、圖(tu)表(biao)等(deng),全(quan)面(mian)介(jie)紹了(le)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)政治(zhi)、經濟、文(wen)化(hua)、藝術、科(ke)技(ji)、軍事(shi)和(he)禮(li)俗,記(ji)述了(le)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)產生、發(fa)展(zhan)、興盛、衰(shuai)亡史(shi);反(fan)映了(le)齊(qi)文(wen)化(hua)在華夏(xia)文(wen)化(hua)中所占的(de)重要地位。內部(bu)裝(zhuang)飾古樸、典雅,與(yu)(yu)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)歷(li)史(shi)十分(fen)吻(wen)合、協(xie)調(diao)。在內容和(he)形(xing)(xing)式設計上可以使(shi)人(ren)(ren)們在輕松歡(huan)悅的(de)氣(qi)氛下了(le)解(jie)歷(li)史(shi),增長(chang)知識(shi),接(jie)受(shou)(shou)教育,受(shou)(shou)到啟(qi)迪。

臨淄齊國故城考古遺址公園

2015年(nian)臨淄齊國故城(cheng)考古遺(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)正式開(kai)建,曲阜三(san)孔古建筑工程管理處作為(wei)施工單位、山東海(hai)岱文化遺(yi)產保(bao)護咨詢(xun)服務中心作為(wei)監理單位已(yi)進駐(zhu)東周殉(xun)馬(ma)坑(keng)保(bao)護展示工程現場,臨淄齊國故城(cheng)考古遺(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)正式開(kai)工建設。

據了解,齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)故城(cheng)考(kao)古遺(yi)(yi)址公(gong)園(yuan)建(jian)設(she)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包括考(kao)古勘探、環(huan)境整治(zhi)、保(bao)護(hu)展(zhan)示、展(zhan)示道路建(jian)設(she)、遺(yi)(yi)產價值闡釋(shi)、游(you)客服(fu)務設(she)施、植物(wu)配置工(gong)程、基礎設(she)施工(gong)程等(deng)(deng)內容。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有以桓(huan)公(gong)臺為核(he)心(xin)的(de)(de)宮(gong)殿遺(yi)(yi)址、以大(da)(da)小(xiao)城(cheng)交界處為中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)城(cheng)墻(qiang)遺(yi)(yi)址、以冶煉遺(yi)(yi)址為中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)手工(gong)業作坊遺(yi)(yi)址、大(da)(da)城(cheng)東(dong)墻(qiang)及(ji)(ji)淄河、排(pai)水(shui)(shui)道口、殉(xun)馬(ma)坑、孔子(zi)聞韶處、晏嬰墓(mu)、游(you)客中(zhong)心(xin)等(deng)(deng)保(bao)護(hu)展(zhan)示服(fu)務區。考(kao)古遺(yi)(yi)址公(gong)園(yuan)建(jian)設(she)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)由國(guo)(guo)家(jia)專(zhuan)(zhuan)項(xiang)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)和地(di)方配套資(zi)(zi)金(jin)解決(jue)。自2013年至(zhi)今已爭取國(guo)(guo)家(jia)專(zhuan)(zhuan)項(xiang)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)7914萬元(yuan),區財政配套2600萬元(yuan)。在實施東(dong)周殉(xun)馬(ma)坑、大(da)(da)城(cheng)東(dong)墻(qiang)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)道保(bao)護(hu)展(zhan)示工(gong)程的(de)(de)同(tong)時,臨淄區文(wen)物(wu)管理局積極儲備了后續項(xiang)目,啟動了冶鑄遺(yi)(yi)址、宮(gong)殿遺(yi)(yi)址、小(xiao)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)、淄河店二號墓(mu)保(bao)護(hu)展(zhan)示方案及(ji)(ji)施工(gong)圖設(she)計,遄(chuan)臺、三士冢、大(da)(da)城(cheng)東(dong)墻(qiang)展(zhan)示及(ji)(ji)環(huan)境整治(zhi)立項(xiang)報(bao)告已報(bao)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物(wu)局。

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