臨淄(zi)齊(qi)國故城是中國西周至戰國齊(qi)國都城遺(yi)址。在(zai)山東省(sheng)淄(zi)博市臨淄(zi)區齊(qi)都鎮(舊(jiu)臨淄(zi)縣(xian)城)的(de)西、北(bei)面(mian),東臨淄(zi)河,西依(yi)古系水。總面(mian)積達20余平方公里(li)。
臨淄齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)古城是春秋戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)期齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)都城,是列(lie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)最(zui)為繁華(hua)的(de)(de)都城之一,也是當時(shi)候東方重要(yao)的(de)(de)政治、經濟、文(wen)化中(zhong)心。根據《史記(ji).齊太(tai)公(gong)世家(jia)》的(de)(de)記(ji)載,周夷王(wang)十(shi)一年(nian)(公(gong)元前859年(nian))齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)第七(qi)世國(guo)(guo)(guo)君齊獻公(gong)開始以臨淄為都城,到(dao)秦始皇二十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(公(gong)元前221年(nian))秦滅齊止,先后(hou)作為姜齊和田齊的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)都長達630余年(nian)。
周武王滅商(shang)后,封姜尚長子丁公于齊(qi)(qi),建都(dou)(dou)營丘(qiu)(一說營丘(qiu)即臨(lin)淄(zi)),后六世胡公遷都(dou)(dou)于薄(bo)姑(今山東(dong)(dong)(dong)博興)。獻公元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元前859年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))遷都(dou)(dou)臨(lin)淄(zi),至(zhi)秦始(shi)皇二十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元前221年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)齊(qi)(qi)亡。秦代為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)郡(jun)治所。西漢(han)前期和(he)東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)為(wei)諸(zhu)侯國(guo)(guo)(guo)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)。臨(lin)淄(zi)作為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)達(da)600多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),是戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)時期規(gui)模(mo)較大的城(cheng)市之(zhi)一。民國(guo)(guo)(guo)十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1926年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))日(ri)本人曾作調查。中(zhong)華(hua)人民共和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建立后,山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)管理(li)處(chu)多次進行(xing)調查,1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)干部訓練(lian)班對遺址(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)鉆(zhan)探(tan)和(he)發(fa)掘,1964年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)~1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)管理(li)處(chu)與北京大學等單位(wei),對遺址(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)全面的鉆(zhan)探(tan)和(he)試掘,1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)管理(li)處(chu)再次進行(xing)發(fa)掘。1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)華(hua)人民共和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)公布(bu)為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護單位(wei)。
齊國(guo)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括(kuo)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩部分,小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)西南方(fang),兩城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相連(lian)接(jie)。大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南北4.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),東西3.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)余,是(shi)官吏、平民(min)及(ji)商(shang)人居住(zhu)的(de)(de)郭(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南北2公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),東西1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),是(shi)國(guo)君(jun)居住(zhu)的(de)(de)宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。兩城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面積15.5平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。
故城的(de)城墻(qiang)殘垣尚存,夯筑痕跡(ji)依稀(xi)可辨(bian),城門十(shi)(shi)三座。城內道路縱橫,多與城門相通(tong)。現已探明主要交(jiao)通(tong)干道十(shi)(shi)條(tiao),小城內三條(tiao),大城內七條(tiao)。道旁居住(zhu)、作坊遺址遍布。東(dong)周(zhou)墓殉馬(ma)坑、齊故城排水道口、孔(kong)子聞(wen)韶(shao)處(chu)、桓公臺等十(shi)(shi)幾處(chu)文(wen)物景點已向游人(ren)開放。
齊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)大(da)(da)、小(xiao)(xiao)兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組成。大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為郭城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),平面(mian)呈長(chang)(chang)方形(xing),南北(bei)(bei)(bei)最長(chang)(chang)處(chu)4.5公里,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)最寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)處(chu)近4公里,周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)14公里余(yu)。東(dong)(dong)墻因臨河修(xiu)(xiu)筑,多(duo)曲(qu)折。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻用(yong)夾板(ban)夯(hang)(hang)筑,從東(dong)(dong)周(zhou)至漢代經(jing)多(duo)次增(zeng)筑和(he)修(xiu)(xiu)補,基寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)20~30米(mi),最寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)達43米(mi)。地面(mian)保存最高(gao)處(chu)達 5米(mi)以(yi)上。早期(qi)(qi)夯(hang)(hang)層較(jiao)薄,多(duo)小(xiao)(xiao)杵夯(hang)(hang) ,晚期(qi)(qi)夯(hang)(hang)層厚,多(duo)平夯(hang)(hang)。已探(tan)出(chu)(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men) 6座(zuo)(zuo),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)面(mian)各(ge)1座(zuo)(zuo),南北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)各(ge)2座(zuo)(zuo),門(men)(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)一般10米(mi)左(zuo)右。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)已探(tan)出(chu)(chu) 7條(tiao)(tiao)主干道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu),大(da)(da)多(duo)與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)連(lian)接,有(you)的(de)(de)貫(guan)穿全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),路(lu)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan) 6米(mi)以(yi)上,其中兩(liang)條(tiao)(tiao)南北(bei)(bei)(bei)主干道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)達20米(mi)。這些道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)多(duo)十字(zi)交叉,把城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)劃(hua)分(fen)為若干街區。小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為宮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),在大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南方,東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部嵌入(ru)大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),南北(bei)(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang) 2.5公里,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan) 1.5公里,周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)7公里余(yu)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻基寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)20~30米(mi),最寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)處(chu)達60余(yu)米(mi)。有(you)5座(zuo)(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men),東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)各(ge)1座(zuo)(zuo),南面(mian)2 座(zuo)(zuo)。東(dong)(dong)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)通向大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),門(men)(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)外(wai)(wai)口兩(liang)側城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻皆向外(wai)(wai)凸出(chu)(chu)。探(tan)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de) 3條(tiao)(tiao)主干道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)分(fen)別(bie)與(yu)南門(men)(men)(men)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)和(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)連(lian)接,路(lu)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan) 8~17米(mi)。沿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻內(nei)側還(huan)有(you)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan) 6米(mi)左(zuo)右的(de)(de)“環涂”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)有(you)排(pai)水(shui)明渠(qu)(qu)。大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部有(you)一條(tiao)(tiao)南北(bei)(bei)(bei)干渠(qu)(qu),南與(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)角城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)相(xiang)接,北(bei)(bei)(bei)部分(fen)為 2支,一支出(chu)(chu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)墻注(zhu)(zhu)入(ru)北(bei)(bei)(bei)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河,一支向西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)出(chu)(chu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)墻注(zhu)(zhu)入(ru)系水(shui)。東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部也有(you)水(shui)渠(qu)(qu)分(fen)別(bie)注(zhu)(zhu)入(ru)北(bei)(bei)(bei)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河和(he)淄河。小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)曲(qu)尺形(xing)水(shui)渠(qu)(qu),經(jing)宮殿區穿西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻注(zhu)(zhu)入(ru)系水(shui)。在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻處(chu)均(jun)有(you)自然石(shi)疊砌(qi)的(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)口,已發掘的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)墻排(pai)水(shui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)口東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)16.7米(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)約7~8米(mi),高(gao)約 3米(mi)。有(you)3層流水(shui)孔,每層5孔,各(ge)層孔互(hu)相(xiang)錯列。水(shui)孔一般高(gao)50厘米(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)40厘米(mi)左(zuo)右。排(pai)水(shui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)口及東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)進(jin)出(chu)(chu)水(shui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)兩(liang)壁(bi)均(jun)用(yong)石(shi)塊(kuai)壘砌(qi),底鋪石(shi)塊(kuai)。
大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)內發(fa)(fa)現兩處(chu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di),一(yi)(yi)處(chu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)城(cheng)東北(bei)部(bu)河崖頭、東古城(cheng)一(yi)(yi)帶,已 探出大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)型(xing)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)20余座(zuo),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)口面積(ji)40米見方,有(you)(you)南北(bei)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)道。在(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)中(zhong) 1座(zuo)甲字型(xing)大(da)(da)(da)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)東、西、北(bei)三面發(fa)(fa)現有(you)(you)殉(xun)馬坑,據已發(fa)(fa)掘部(bu)分推算,共殉(xun)馬 600余匹。這一(yi)(yi)帶墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)中(zhong)出土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)隨葬(zang)品中(zhong)有(you)(you)不(bu)少精美的(de)(de)(de)青(qing)銅器,均屬西周和(he)春秋時期,當(dang)是姜齊的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)。另一(yi)(yi)處(chu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)南部(bu)劉家寨、邰院一(yi)(yi)帶,這里的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)都是積(ji)石、積(ji)蛤殼的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)型(xing)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。城(cheng)南一(yi)(yi)帶有(you)(you)多處(chu)東周墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)南城(cheng)外約0.5公(gong)里的(de)(de)(de)郎家莊發(fa)(fa)掘一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)戰國(guo)早期人殉(xun)墓(mu)(mu)(mu),槨室周圍埋有(you)(you)17個女性殉(xun)葬(zang)人,年齡最小的(de)(de)(de)15歲,皆有(you)(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)坑和(he)棺槨,陪(pei)葬(zang)者均有(you)(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)隨葬(zang)品。臨淄(zi)故城(cheng)南10公(gong)里左右的(de)(de)(de)牛(niu)山一(yi)(yi)帶,今猶存高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)封土(tu)堆10余座(zuo),有(you)(you)稱“四王冢”、“二王冢”,當(dang)為田齊時的(de)(de)(de)王陵。
宮殿區在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)城西北(bei)部,地下分(fen)布有(you)(you)大面積的夯(hang)(hang)土基(ji)址(zhi)。其中(zhong)心(xin)建(jian)筑(zhu)為(wei)一高14米(mi)、南(nan)北(bei)長86米(mi)、東(dong)(dong)西寬70米(mi)的夯(hang)(hang)土臺(tai)基(ji),俗稱桓公(gong)臺(tai),頂部分(fen)為(wei) 3層(ceng)。臺(tai)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)發掘了1處宮室建(jian)筑(zhu)遺(yi)址(zhi)。建(jian)筑(zhu)分(fen)為(wei)2層(ceng),上層(ceng)屬西漢時期,下層(ceng)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)周時期。小(xiao)(xiao)城東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部有(you)(you)一較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)夯(hang)(hang)筑(zhu)臺(tai)基(ji),四(si)周以自然(ran)石甃砌,與(yu)桓公(gong)臺(tai)遙相呼應(ying),周圍地勢(shi)低洼,當是臺(tai)榭別館(guan)遺(yi)跡。小(xiao)(xiao)城西門(men)外有(you)(you)泉,古有(you)(you)中(zhong)池,是齊(qi)國(guo)的苑(yuan)囿。現存高臺(tai)基(ji)址(zhi)“歇馬臺(tai)”可能是《左傳》中(zhong)提到的“遄臺(tai)”遺(yi)跡。西北(bei)約10公(gong)里有(you)(you)“梧臺(tai)”,高28米(mi),上部有(you)(you)花紋鋪地磚、陶排水管等遺(yi)跡,當是齊(qi)的別館(guan)離宮遺(yi)跡。
大(da)城中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)偏西和(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)大(da)片戰(zhan)國(guo)、漢(han)代冶鐵(tie)遺址,東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)北部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)東(dong)周(zhou)與漢(han)代制骨(gu)遺址,中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)闞家(jia)莊東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)漢(han)代冶銅(tong)、鑄錢遺址,中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)偏南(nan)(nan)(nan)劉家(jia)寨周(zhou)圍有(you)(you)大(da)型夯土(tu)建筑(zhu)基址。小城南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)煉(lian)鐵(tie)、冶銅(tong)和(he)(he)鑄錢遺址。
大(da)量的手工業(ye)作坊遺(yi)址,就(jiu)分布在這些文化(hua)堆積之(zhi)中。今已發現冶鐵遺(yi)址六處、煉(lian)銅遺(yi)址兩處、鑄錢遺(yi)址兩處,制骨(gu)遺(yi)址四處。分述于下:
臨(lin)淄是冶(ye)(ye)鐵(tie)中(zhong)心之一,冶(ye)(ye)鐵(tie)遺址(zhi)數(shu)量多,面積大;出(chu)(chu)土鐵(tie)器數(shu)量多,種類(lei)齊(qi)全(quan),足可(ke)以(yi)證明當時臨(lin)淄冶(ye)(ye)鐵(tie)業的(de)繁盛。目前(qian)臨(lin)淄齊(qi)故(gu)城(cheng)勘探(tan)發現六處冶(ye)(ye)鐵(tie)遺址(zhi),其中(zhong)兩處面積達40萬平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),這在全(quan)國是罕見的(de);另外臨(lin)淄商王(wang)(wang)墓地三座墓中(zhong)出(chu)(chu)土鐵(tie)器103件(jian),臨(lin)淄窩托齊(qi)王(wang)(wang)墓五個(ge)陪(pei)葬坑,出(chu)(chu)土鐵(tie)器約401件(jian),均是周至漢墓葬中(zhong)早期鐵(tie)器出(chu)(chu)土量較大的(de)。
小城(cheng)西(xi)部冶鐵遺(yi)址(zhi):在小城(cheng)西(xi)門東(dong)(dong)北200米(mi)(mi)處。范圍南北約150米(mi)(mi)、東(dong)(dong)西(xi)約100米(mi)(mi),屬下層堆(dui)積(這一帶有(you)(you)兩層堆(dui)積,厚二米(mi)(mi)左右(you))。周圍有(you)(you)許(xu)多夯土(tu)遺(yi)存,其間并(bing)有(you)(you)10米(mi)(mi)寬的道路通(tong)向(xiang)西(xi)門。
小(xiao)城東(dong)(dong)部冶(ye)鐵遺(yi)址:位(wei)于今(jin)臨(lin)淄(zi)城關面粉廠北(bei)(bei)400米(mi)(mi)處(chu),西距辛(辛店)、東(dong)(dong)(東(dong)(dong)營(ying))公路約100米(mi)(mi)。范圍南北(bei)(bei)約70米(mi)(mi)、東(dong)(dong)西約60米(mi)(mi)。經鉆(zhan)探得知,屬(shu)第二(er)層(ceng)堆積(這里一般(ban)有(you)三層(ceng)堆積,厚(hou)二(er)米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右),曾有(you)探孔(kong)在鐵渣(zha)之下的路土中瓷片,可能是一晚期的冶(ye)鐵遺(yi)址。
大(da)(da)城(cheng)西部冶鐵(tie)遺址:在大(da)(da)城(cheng)南(nan)北河道以西,石佛堂(tang)村及(ji)村南(nan)一帶,范圍約四(si)至五萬(wan)平方米(mi),屬(shu)第三(san)層堆積(ji)(這一帶有(you)三(san)層堆積(ji),厚二米(mi)下下),應是(shi)一東周晚期的煉鐵(tie)遺址。
大(da)城中部偏西的冶鐵遺址:在南(nan)北河道以(yi)東(dong),位于付(fu)家廟村(cun)西和西南(nan)一帶(dai),面積(ji)約四十萬平(ping)方米,屬(shu)下層(ceng)堆(dui)積(ji)(這一帶(dai)一般(ban)有(you)兩層(ceng)堆(dui)積(ji),厚(hou)一米至二(er)米)。
大(da)城南(nan)部(bu)冶(ye)鐵遺址(zhi):位(wei)于(yu)小城東(dong)門(men)以東(dong),韶院村(cun)西(xi),劉家(jia)寨(zhai)村(cun)南(nan)的(de)大(da)片地區都有冶(ye)鐵遺跡存(cun)在(zai),但中心地區似在(zai)大(da)城南(nan)墻西(xi)門(men)以內,大(da)道的(de)兩側(ce),面積(ji)約四十萬(wan)平方米,屬(shu)于(yu)二、三層堆積(ji)(這一(yi)(yi)帶一(yi)(yi)般(ban)有三個地層堆積(ji),厚二至三米以上(shang))。這是(shi)六處(chu)冶(ye)鐵遺跡中規模大(da),遺跡最(zui)豐富的(de)一(yi)(yi)處(chu)。在(zai)遺址(zhi)內,特別是(shi)它(ta)的(de)北(bei)部(bu)一(yi)(yi)喧(xuan)有許多夯土基址(zhi),曾在(zai)此發現過漢(han)“齊(qi)鐵官丞”,“齊(qi)采鐵印(yin)”等(deng)封泥(ni),當是(shi)漢(han)代(dai)的(de)“鐵官”所在(zai)。
大城東北部冶(ye)(ye)鐵遺址:在(zai)闞家(jia)寨(zhai)村的東南和村北,崔家(jia)莊的東北和村北,河崖(ya)頭(tou)村西等大片(pian)地區都有(you)冶(ye)(ye)鐵遺跡(ji)存在(zai),分布較廣,但(dan)不(bu)集(ji)中。遺跡(ji)較豐富處在(zai)崔家(jia)莊東北至村西北一(yi)帶,面積(ji)約30,000—40,000平方米,這一(yi)帶地層(ceng)堆(dui)積(ji)厚,離地一(yi)般都在(zai)三以(yi)上,有(you)三層(ceng)堆(dui)積(ji),冶(ye)(ye)鐵遺跡(ji)屬第二層(ceng),當(dang)屬東周時期。
小(xiao)城南部煉銅遺址:分(fen)兩(liang)片,一片是在小(xiao)徐(xu)村北(bei),其范圍東西約(yue)80米(mi),南北(bei)100余米(mi),屬(shu)下層(ceng)文(wen)化堆積(ji)(這一帶(dai)地層(ceng)堆積(ji)三米(mi)左右(you),共兩(liang)層(ceng));另一片位于西關(guan)石羊村北(bei)頭(tou),其范圍東西約(yue)150米(mi),南北(bei)100米(mi),層(ceng)位與前者相同(tong)。皆屬(shu)東周時期(qi)。
大(da)城東北(bei)部煉銅遺址:位于闞(kan)家寨東南及東北(bei)方(fang)向的“韓信嶺”一帶,探知(zhi)這一帶地層(ceng)(ceng)堆積有四層(ceng)(ceng),銅渣、爐渣、燒土等發現于二至三層(ceng)(ceng)之(zhi)間,第三層(ceng)(ceng)是灰綠土,質堅(jian)實,從試掘中知(zhi)是春秋前期的地層(ceng)(ceng)。
臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)作為周代齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)都城(cheng)和漢(han)(han)代齊(qi)(qi)郡郡治及齊(qi)(qi)王國(guo)都城(cheng)所在(zai)地,不僅是(shi)春(chun)秋戰國(guo)時期(qi)東方工(gong)商業大都市(shi),而(er)且(qie)在(zai)漢(han)(han)代工(gong)商業依然高度發(fa)達,直到新莽(mang)(mang)時期(qi)仍(reng)是(shi)全國(guo)五大工(gong)商業都市(shi)之一,因此,臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)故城(cheng)遺址遺留有豐富的(de)(de)東周秦漢(han)(han)時期(qi)的(de)(de)手(shou)工(gong)業遺存。20世(shi)紀50年代以來(lai),臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)故城(cheng)遺址中東周秦漢(han)(han)時期(qi)的(de)(de)錢(qian)范多有發(fa)現,為研究當時的(de)(de)錢(qian)幣鑄造業提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)實(shi)物證據,而(er)新莽(mang)(mang)時期(qi)大布(bu)黃千銅錢(qian)范的(de)(de)發(fa)現,更為研究新莽(mang)(mang)時期(qi)臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)(新莽(mang)(mang)時期(qi)臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)曾更名(ming)曰“齊(qi)(qi)陵”)的(de)(de)錢(qian)幣鑄造業提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)珍貴的(de)(de)實(shi)物資料。
大布黃千銅錢(qian)范(fan),1984年出土于(yu)臨淄齊國(guo)故城的(de)大城北部,現收藏于(yu)齊國(guo)故城遺址博物館。錢(qian)范(fan)共2件,館藏編(bian)號分別為P30018和P30019,均為銅質錢(qian)范(fan)模(mo)。
錢(qian)范(fan)P30018,整器呈(cheng)圓角(jiao)方(fang)形(xing)的(de)(de)淺(qian)(qian)盤(pan)狀(zhuang),有邊框,寬沿外折。范(fan)模(mo)(mo)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)邊長(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)8.1×8.2厘(li)米(mi),折沿最(zui)寬處為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.4厘(li)米(mi),最(zui)窄處為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.3厘(li)米(mi)。范(fan)模(mo)(mo)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)盤(pan)中(zhong)心有一(yi)個凸起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)圓柱(zhu)形(xing)澆(jiao)道模(mo)(mo),直徑0.8厘(li)米(mi),有一(yi)條(tiao)中(zhong)線(xian)縱向穿(chuan)過圓柱(zhu)形(xing)澆(jiao)道模(mo)(mo)并將范(fan)模(mo)(mo)均分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)左右(you)(you)兩部(bu)分,應為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)制作(zuo)母范(fan)時的(de)(de)中(zhong)線(xian)。范(fan)模(mo)(mo)內左右(you)(you)各(ge)設有布形(xing)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)一(yi)枚,一(yi)正(zheng)一(yi)反,右(you)(you)側(ce)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo),左側(ce)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)反面(mian)(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo),正(zheng)、反錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)中(zhong)線(xian)的(de)(de)上部(bu)有一(yi)圓穿(chuan)模(mo)(mo),正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)凸起(qi)(qi)“大布黃千”的(de)(de)陽文。正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)上、下(xia)和右(you)(you)側(ce)各(ge)有一(yi)個三角(jiao)形(xing)凸起(qi)(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)榫釘,反面(mian)(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)上、下(xia)和左側(ce)各(ge)有一(yi)個凹(ao)下(xia)的(de)(de)三角(jiao)形(xing)卯孔。范(fan)模(mo)(mo)背面(mian)(mian)(mian)也呈(cheng)圓角(jiao)方(fang)形(xing)的(de)(de)淺(qian)(qian)盤(pan)狀(zhuang),邊長(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)7.1×7.9厘(li)米(mi),盤(pan)底鑄有陽文“大出(chu)一(yi)”字樣。
錢(qian)(qian)范(fan)P30019,整器形制、結構均與錢(qian)(qian)范(fan)P30018相同(tong),但范(fan)模(mo)(mo)正面(mian)邊(bian)(bian)框的(de)(de)邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)為8.7×9.2厘米,折沿最寬處為0.8厘米,最窄處為0.4厘米。背面(mian)邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)為8.1×8.1厘米。其他不同(tong)之處在于:淺盤狀范(fan)模(mo)(mo)內的(de)(de)大布黃千錢(qian)(qian)模(mo)(mo),左側(ce)為正面(mian)錢(qian)(qian)模(mo)(mo),右(you)側(ce)為反面(mian)錢(qian)(qian)模(mo)(mo);右(you)側(ce)有(you)(you)3個凸起的(de)(de)三(san)(san)角(jiao)形榫釘,左側(ce)有(you)(you)3個凹下(xia)的(de)(de)三(san)(san)角(jiao)形卯(mao)孔;范(fan)模(mo)(mo)背面(mian)的(de)(de)陽文為“大山一”。
這兩件(jian)銅(tong)質錢(qian)(qian)范(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)可(ke)各自單獨使(shi)(shi)用,用以翻(fan)制(zhi)泥(ni)質鑄(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)。范(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)正(zheng)(zheng)面錢(qian)(qian)模(mo)(mo)四周(zhou)凹(ao)凸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)榫(sun)卯結構,在翻(fan)制(zhi)泥(ni)質鑄(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中在鑄(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)上形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凸起和(he)凹(ao)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)榫(sun)卯,用于(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合范(fan)(fan)(fan)定(ding)位(wei)。用這種錢(qian)(qian)范(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)翻(fan)制(zhi)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)質鑄(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)范(fan)(fan)(fan)片(pian),背(bei)面平整;正(zheng)(zheng)面有凹(ao)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大布(bu)黃(huang)千的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型(xing)腔,中央有圓形穿孔作(zuo)為澆(jiao)道,四周(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)角(jiao)形凹(ao)凸作(zuo)為合范(fan)(fan)(fan)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位(wei)。同一(yi)(yi)(yi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)翻(fan)制(zhi)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩件(jian)泥(ni)鑄(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)范(fan)(fan)(fan)片(pian)正(zheng)(zheng)面相合,構成一(yi)(yi)(yi)盒鑄(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan),可(ke)同時(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造2枚(mei)錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)。若干盒泥(ni)鑄(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)豎向(xiang)層層壘(lei)疊在一(yi)(yi)(yi)起,構成一(yi)(yi)(yi)組疊鑄(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan),澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)可(ke)同時(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)出(chu)錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)數枚(mei)乃至數十枚(mei)。立式疊鑄(zhu)(zhu)法鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)工藝作(zuo)為西漢時(shi)期出(chu)現(xian),新莽(mang)時(shi)期流行(xing)開來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造工藝,是(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)工藝技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大進步。疊鑄(zhu)(zhu)工藝中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)鑄(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)雖然一(yi)(yi)(yi)般只能使(shi)(shi)用一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)即(ji)被(bei)毀棄(qi),但疊鑄(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)是(shi)銅(tong)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),可(ke)以反復多次(ci)(ci)使(shi)(shi)用,用以翻(fan)制(zhi)大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)質范(fan)(fan)(fan)片(pian)用于(yu)澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)錢(qian)(qian)。這不僅提高(gao)了(le)生產效(xiao)率,而且還保證了(le)錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)形制(zhi)及重(zhong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致性。
據《漢書·食貨志》載,大(da)布黃千是王莽在始建國二年(公元10年)進(jin)行第三次貨幣(bi)改制中(zhong)新鑄行的(de)(de)(de)貨幣(bi)之一,“大(da)布,長二寸四分(fen),重一兩,而值(zhi)千錢(qian)矣。”新莽時期的(de)(de)(de)大(da)布黃千銅錢(qian),在各地多有(you)(you)發現,但(dan)是,大(da)布黃千錢(qian)范卻少有(you)(you)發現。因此,臨淄齊故城大(da)布黃千銅范模的(de)(de)(de)發現,對于研究(jiu)新莽時期的(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)幣(bi)鑄造(zao)(zao)工藝(yi)和(he)錢(qian)幣(bi)鑄造(zao)(zao)業(ye)無疑具有(you)(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)學術價值(zhi)。
齊(qi)刀(dao)幣(bi)鑄(zhu)址(zhi):位于小城南部(bu)居中(zhong)安(an)(an)合(he)村南,靠近(jin)城墻。其范圍(wei)自安(an)(an)河(he)村南東西(xi)路(lu)起,向(xiang)北(bei)200米(mi),村南南北(bei)路(lu)向(xiang)東向(xiang)西(xi)各100米(mi)。上層已受到嚴(yan)重擾亂(luan),曾(ceng)出土過(guo)“齊(qi)法化”刀(dao)幣(bi)和鑄(zhu)范。
西(xi)漢“半(ban)兩”錢(qian)鑄(zhu)址:位于(yu)闞家寨村(cun)南一帶(dai),村(cun)南的東(dong)(dong)部(bu)和西(xi)部(bu)都有成批 “半(ban)兩錢(qian)范(fan)(fan)”出土,耕土層下(xia)即鑄(zhu)錢(qian)遺跡(ji)。其范(fan)(fan)圍闞家寨村(cun)南南北中心(xin)路向西(xi)180米,向東(dong)(dong)250米,南起變壓器向北250米。在(zai)這片范(fan)(fan)圍內(nei),亦間有居住區(qu)、冶(ye)鐵、煉(lian)銅遺址。
故(gu)城(cheng)內制骨作坊(fang)遺跡范圍較(jiao)廣(guang),主(zhu)要在大城(cheng)東北(bei)部和北(bei)部,比較(jiao)集(ji)中的有(you)四處(chu)地方,即(ji)崔家莊東北(bei);河崖頭村西(xi)南部;東古城(cheng)村以(yi)南;田家莊東北(bei)。這里的遺物(wu)十(shi)分豐富,不僅(jin)出土過(guo)刀石砥礪,而(er)且(qie)殘骨余料遍(bian)地皆是(shi)。
城內出土了(le)大(da)批(pi)陶(tao)器(qi)、瓦(wa)、瓦(wa)當(dang)和(he)(he)(he)錢范等(deng)。陶(tao)器(qi)中高圈(quan)足簋(gui)、豆、盂(yu)等(deng)類器(qi)較多,陶(tao)鬲(li)(li)(li)有繩紋(wen)(wen)(wen)鬲(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)素面鬲(li)(li)(li)兩(liang)大(da)類,繩紋(wen)(wen)(wen)鬲(li)(li)(li)又有周式鬲(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)齊(qi)式鬲(li)(li)(li)兩(liang)種,一直延續到(dao)戰國時期。東周陶(tao)器(qi)行(xing)戳印(yin)的(de)陶(tao)文,內容多屬作器(qi)者居地和(he)(he)(he)人名。瓦(wa)當(dang)多素面,少數(shu)飾樹木雙獸、雙目和(he)(he)(he)樹木卷草紋(wen)(wen)(wen),偶見“天齊(qi)”瓦(wa)當(dang)和(he)(he)(he)卷云紋(wen)(wen)(wen)、獸面紋(wen)(wen)(wen)瓦(wa)當(dang)。戰國時期多半瓦(wa)當(dang),漢(han)代(dai)多圓瓦(wa)當(dang)。錢范有戰國“齊(qi)法化(hua)(hua)”陶(tao)范和(he)(he)(he)西漢(han)“半兩(liang)”、“五銖”石(shi)范。遺物反映的(de)文化(hua)(hua)特(te)征與燕(yan)、趙比較接近。
故(gu)城內,發(fa)現(xian)了冶鐵、煉(lian)銅、鑄錢(qian)、鑄鏡(jing)和制骨等多(duo)(duo)種手工作坊遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)多(duo)(duo)處(chu),其中,冶鐵遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)6處(chu),煉(lian)銅遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)2處(chu),鑄錢(qian)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)2處(chu),鑄鏡(jing)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)2處(chu),制骨作坊遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)4處(chu)。另(ling)外(wai),大城還有多(duo)(duo)處(chu)陶(tao)窯遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)。
齊國(guo)(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)保(bao)存完整,地上地下文(wen)物古跡十(shi)分(fen)豐富、在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)文(wen)化史上占(zhan)據著(zhu)重要地位(wei)。1961年3月4日,故(gu)城(cheng)被國(guo)(guo)務院公(gong)布為全國(guo)(guo)文(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei);1994年1月4日,被國(guo)(guo)務院公(gong)布為“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)歷史文(wen)化名城(cheng)”。 2005年,臨淄(zi)齊國(guo)(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)列(lie)(lie)(lie)入“十(shi)一五”中(zhong)央政府(fu)引導的(de)大遺址保(bao)護(hu)項(xiang)目;2006年12月15日,臨淄(zi)齊國(guo)(guo)故(gu)都與齊王陵進入國(guo)(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物局公(gong)布的(de)《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)世界文(wen)化遺產預備名單(dan)》,列(lie)(lie)(lie)第17位(wei),是山(shan)東省入選的(de)單(dan)列(lie)(lie)(lie)項(xiang)目。
齊故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)利用(yong)淄河和(he)系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)兩面(mian)的自然護(hu)(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河。筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之時(shi),又(you)在大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻外挖筑(zhu)了人工(gong)護(hu)(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)溝6140米(mi)(mi);小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)、南(nan)和(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)墻南(nan)段(接(jie)系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)),挖筑(zhu)了人工(gong)護(hu)(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)溝5780米(mi)(mi),與(yu)淄河、系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)相連通(tong),使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四(si)面(mian)環水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池(chi)俱備,構成(cheng)了一(yi)個(ge)完(wan)整的護(hu)(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)網(wang)。筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻下設置了精巧而(er)科學的排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口。齊故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)、小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設有三(san)大(da)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),四(si)個(ge)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口。1號(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)宮殿區,南(nan)起桓公臺(tai)的東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan),通(tong)過(guo)桓公臺(tai)的東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)和(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu),向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)穿(chuan)過(guo)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)墻下的①號(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口注入系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),全長(chang)700米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)20米(mi)(mi)。2號(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu),由一(yi)條南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)向(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝和(he)一(yi)條東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)向(xiang)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)組成(cheng),南(nan)起小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)角,順南(nan)高(gao)北(bei)(bei)(bei)低的地勢直通(tong)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)墻西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)的②號(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口注入北(bei)(bei)(bei)墻外護(hu)(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao),全長(chang)2800米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)30米(mi)(mi),深3米(mi)(mi)左右。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)向(xiang)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝是在這條南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝的北(bei)(bei)(bei)段向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)分出一(yi)支流(liu),流(liu)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)通(tong)過(guo)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)墻北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)的③號(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口流(liu)入系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),長(chang)1000米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)20米(mi)(mi)左右。這一(yi)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)承(cheng)擔著(zhu)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)絕大(da)部(bu)分的廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)泄(xie)。3號(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu),長(chang)約800米(mi)(mi),起點不明,止于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)墻北(bei)(bei)(bei)段的④號(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口,流(liu)入淄河。
1979年,文(wen)物(wu)考古部(bu)門對③號排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口進行了發掘(jue)清(qing)理。發現(xian)此段城墻墻基寬40米,排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口建在城墻下(xia),排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口呈東西向,用自然青(qing)石(shi)壘(lei)砌構(gou)筑(zhu),總長42米,寬7至10.5米左(zuo)右(you)。由(you)進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)、過水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)、出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)三(san)部(bu)分構(gou)成。過水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)用石(shi)塊構(gou)筑(zhu)出15個方形(xing)小(xiao)過水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)孔,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)孔分上、中(zhong)、下(xia)三(san)層,每(mei)層5孔,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經石(shi)隙(xi)而過,人卻不(bu)能(neng)(neng)通(tong)過,既能(neng)(neng)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)又能(neng)(neng)御(yu)敵,建造十分科學。
故城(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)、小(xiao)城(cheng)內(nei)發現10條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)干(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),其中小(xiao)城(cheng)內(nei)有3條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)內(nei)有7條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。小(xiao)城(cheng)內(nei)干(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao):東(dong)(dong)側門(men)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),現保(bao)存(cun)(cun)約(yue)1200米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);西(xi)(xi)門(men)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),長(chang)約(yue)650米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);北(bei)門(men)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),南伸尚存(cun)(cun)1430米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)6至(zhi)(zhi)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)內(nei)干(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao):東(dong)(dong)部(bu)南北(bei)干(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),自南墻東(dong)(dong)門(men)通向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)北(bei),全(quan)長(chang)3300余(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);中部(bu)南北(bei)干(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),全(quan)長(chang)4400米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);北(bei)部(bu)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)干(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),自東(dong)(dong)門(men)西(xi)(xi)行偏西(xi)(xi)北(bei),直至(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)墻,長(chang)約(yue)3600米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右;北(bei)墻西(xi)(xi)門(men)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),南伸,與北(bei)部(bu)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)干(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)相接,現存(cun)(cun)650米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多(duo)(duo);中部(bu)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)干(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),長(chang)2500多(duo)(duo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右;西(xi)(xi)門(men)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),東(dong)(dong)伸約(yue)1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)至(zhi)(zhi)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。此外,在(zai)離南墻200至(zhi)(zhi)300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有一條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)與南墻平行的(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路,長(chang)約(yue)1900米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)4至(zhi)(zhi)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);西(xi)(xi)墻附近(jin)與西(xi)(xi)墻平行的(de)南北(bei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路,南通小(xiao)城(cheng)北(bei)門(men),寬(kuan)4至(zhi)(zhi)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。除后兩條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)和小(xiao)城(cheng)北(bei)門(men)干(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)可能是晚期的(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路外,其余(yu)均(jun)為故城(cheng)早期的(de)主要(yao)交通干(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)的(de)兩條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)南北(bei)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)與兩條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)在(zai)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部(bu)相交叉,形成一“井(jing)”字形,這一帶應是都城(cheng)中最繁華的(de)市井(jing)中心。
臨(lin)淄(zi)齊國故(gu)城(cheng)有規模龐(pang)大(da)、保(bao)存(cun)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)城(cheng)建設施、宮殿建筑遺(yi)址(zhi)、手工業(ye)作坊遺(yi)址(zhi)和墓(mu)葬區(qu),這在其他先(xian)秦王都遺(yi)址(zhi)中極為罕見。臨(lin)淄(zi)齊國故(gu)城(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)規模龐(pang)大(da),都城(cheng)各功能分區(qu)均保(bao)存(cun)完整(zheng),雖歷(li)經三千多(duo)年風雨,仍可清(qing)晰的(de)(de)窺(kui)其“海內名都”的(de)(de)風采(cai)。在眾多(duo)的(de)(de)先(xian)秦國都遺(yi)址(zhi)中,臨(lin)淄(zi)齊國故(gu)城(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)保(bao)存(cun)較完整(zheng)的(de)(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)之一(yi)。
1964~1966年(nian),省文物(wu)部門對齊故城(cheng)進行了普(pu)探和(he)試(shi)掘,劃出保護(hu)(hu)范圍和(he)一(yi)般保護(hu)(hu)范圍,樹(shu)立了標志(zhi),組織起群眾(zhong)性的保護(hu)(hu)網。
1975年(nian)(nian)建(jian)立臨淄(zi)(zi)區文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保管(guan)所,1981年(nian)(nian)建(jian)立臨淄(zi)(zi)區文(wen)物(wu)(wu)管(guan)理委員會。
1981~1983年,對“桓(huan)公臺”、小城北墻遺跡、“晏(yan)嬰(ying)冢”、大城西墻排水道口、殉馬坑以及城外的“三士冢”遺跡和墓葬進行維護,樹立(li)了標志(zhi)說明。
齊(qi)(qi)國故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)博(bo)物館(guan)位(wei)(wei)于齊(qi)(qi)國故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)東(dong)部,于1984年建(jian)立。是以(yi)(yi)齊(qi)(qi)國故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相互銜接的(de)(de)(de)特殊形制作外(wai)形,青磚砌壘,形似古代城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡。總(zong)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積2600平方(fang)米(mi)(mi),頂(ding)高15米(mi)(mi),四(si)周有宮殿建(jian)筑(zhu)遺(yi)址(zhi)桓公臺、齊(qi)(qi)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)遺(yi)址(zhi)、排水道口、東(dong)周墓殉馬坑、孔子聞韶處、晏嬰(ying)墓、三士冢、稷下學宮、營(ying)丘故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等眾(zhong)多遺(yi)址(zhi)。齊(qi)(qi)國故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)博(bo)物館(guan)的(de)(de)(de)基本陳列(lie)是《齊(qi)(qi)國歷史(shi)陳列(lie)》。該陳列(lie)1997年完成,陳列(lie)面(mian)積1500平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。內(nei)分14個(ge)展廳(ting),有序廳(ting)、龍山廳(ting)、西周廳(ting)、春秋廳(ting)、韶樂廳(ting)、武威廳(ting)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)郭(guo)廳(ting)、科(ke)技(ji)(ji)廳(ting)、秦(qin)(qin)漢廳(ting)等15個(ge)展廳(ting),展柜21個(ge),壁龕6個(ge),異(yi)型展柜2個(ge),展出(chu)先齊(qi)(qi)至秦(qin)(qin)漢時(shi)期重(zhong)要文(wen)物308件(jian)(套),復制文(wen)物35件(jian)(套),圖表13塊,壁畫12幅(fu),照片50張,歷史(shi)名(ming)人雕塑(su)8個(ge)。通過(guo)300多件(jian)珍貴文(wen)物和大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)獻資料、模型、沙盤(pan)、雕塑(su)、照片、圖表等,全(quan)面(mian)介紹了(le)齊(qi)(qi)國的(de)(de)(de)政治、經濟、文(wen)化(hua)、藝術、科(ke)技(ji)(ji)、軍事(shi)和禮俗,記述了(le)齊(qi)(qi)國的(de)(de)(de)產生、發展、興盛(sheng)、衰亡史(shi);反(fan)映了(le)齊(qi)(qi)文(wen)化(hua)在華夏(xia)文(wen)化(hua)中所占的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要地位(wei)(wei)。內(nei)部裝飾古樸、典雅(ya),與(yu)齊(qi)(qi)國歷史(shi)十分吻合、協調。在內(nei)容和形式設計上(shang)可以(yi)(yi)使人們在輕松歡悅的(de)(de)(de)氣氛下了(le)解(jie)歷史(shi),增(zeng)長知識,接受教育(yu),受到啟(qi)迪。
2015年臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)齊國(guo)故(gu)(gu)城考古遺(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)正(zheng)式開建,曲阜三孔(kong)古建筑工程管理處作為施工單位、山(shan)東海(hai)岱(dai)文(wen)化遺(yi)產(chan)保護(hu)咨詢服(fu)務中(zhong)心作為監理單位已進駐(zhu)東周殉馬坑保護(hu)展(zhan)示工程現場(chang),臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)齊國(guo)故(gu)(gu)城考古遺(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)正(zheng)式開工建設。
據了(le)(le)解(jie),齊國(guo)故城考古遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)園建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)主要包括考古勘探、環境整治、保護(hu)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)、展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)道路建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)、遺(yi)(yi)產價值闡釋(shi)、游(you)客(ke)服(fu)務設(she)(she)(she)施、植(zhi)物(wu)配置工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、基礎設(she)(she)(she)施工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)等內容。主要有以桓公(gong)臺為(wei)核心的宮(gong)殿遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、以大(da)小城交界(jie)處(chu)為(wei)中(zhong)心的城墻遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、以冶(ye)(ye)煉遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)中(zhong)心的手工(gong)業(ye)作(zuo)坊遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、大(da)城東(dong)墻及(ji)(ji)淄(zi)河、排(pai)水道口(kou)、殉(xun)馬坑、孔子聞韶處(chu)、晏嬰墓、游(you)客(ke)中(zhong)心等保護(hu)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)服(fu)務區。考古遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)園建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)資金由國(guo)家(jia)專(zhuan)項資金和地方配套資金解(jie)決。自(zi)2013年至今已爭(zheng)取國(guo)家(jia)專(zhuan)項資金7914萬元,區財政配套2600萬元。在實施東(dong)周殉(xun)馬坑、大(da)城東(dong)墻排(pai)水道保護(hu)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的同時(shi),臨淄(zi)區文(wen)物(wu)管理局積極儲備了(le)(le)后續項目,啟(qi)動了(le)(le)冶(ye)(ye)鑄遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、宮(gong)殿遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、小城城墻、淄(zi)河店二號(hao)墓保護(hu)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)方案及(ji)(ji)施工(gong)圖設(she)(she)(she)計,遄臺、三(san)士冢(zhong)、大(da)城東(dong)墻展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)環境整治立項報(bao)告已報(bao)國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物(wu)局。