山西
大同
該(gai)寺布局(ju)緊湊。戲臺、觀音(yin)堂、三真殿、臺殿樓閣沿中軸線由前至(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)排列,迭(die)層至(zhi)(zhi)高。
山門(men)結構(gou)為(wei)(wei)磚門(men)洞,門(men)額上(shang)書“觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音(yin)堂”三字(zi)。一(yi)座戲臺(tai),坐南向北,建造于離地8米高(gao)的洞口(kou),洞下是(shi)古代車馬人行之道。戲臺(tai)與正(zheng)殿(dian)(觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音(yin)殿(dian))之間(jian)的腰墻相隔(ge),進入腰門(men),左右兩(liang)側(ce)各有鐘(zhong)鼓樓臺(tai)和碑廊。正(zheng)間(jian)面闊三間(jian),進深兩(liang)間(jian),殿(dian)頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)懸山式(shi),覆以琉(liu)璃瓦。殿(dian)內增(zeng)置(zhi)抱廈以擴大佛(fo)(fo)事活動場地。殿(dian)內正(zheng)中有一(yi)尊6米高(gao)的石雕(diao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音(yin)立(li)(li)像,頭飾(shi)花冠直達屋(wu)頂(ding)。觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音(yin)兩(liang)側(ce)有2米高(gao)的石雕(diao)脅(xie)侍立(li)(li)像兩(liang)尊。這(zhe)些雕(diao)像均為(wei)(wei)金色(se)粉裝,系遼(liao)代所作。殿(dian)內東西兩(liang)側(ce)佇立(li)(li)著十大明王。壁上(shang)還繪(hui)有二(er)十四幅畫,講述觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音(yin)菩薩救難的故事。寺前有三龍(long)琉(liu)璃照壁,是(shi)大同(tong)市唯一(yi)的一(yi)座雙面照壁,為(wei)(wei)明代遺(yi)物(wu)。寺西摩(mo)崖(ya)上(shang)鐫有三米見方的雙鉤(gou)“佛(fo)(fo)”字(zi),據(ju)考(kao)證(zheng)為(wei)(wei)遼(liao)代遺(yi)跡。
歷史沿革
寺創建于遼重熙(xi)年(nian)間(1032-1056年(nian))天輔六年(nian)(1122年(nian))毀于兵火。明清時期(qi)多次修葺,現存(cun)建筑系清順治八年(nian)(1651年(nian))重建。
寺院設計
寺院坐北朝南,分前(qian)后兩院。布(bu)局(ju)緊湊,戲臺(tai)、觀音(yin)堂(tang)(tang)、三(san)真殿(dian)(dian)、沿中軸線由前(qian)至后排(pai)列,迭(die)層升(sheng)高(gao)。所(suo)不同于(yu)(yu)一般寺院布(bu)局(ju)的是山門位(wei)于(yu)(yu)中軸線東側(ce)(ce),大(da)大(da)低于(yu)(yu)寺院地(di)平(ping)。山門結構(gou)為磚券門洞(dong)。門額上書“觀音(yin)堂(tang)(tang)”三(san)字。前(qian)院有(you)一倒座戲臺(tai),建(jian)造(zao)于(yu)(yu)離地(di)8米(mi)高(gao)的券洞(dong)口上,洞(dong)下是古代車馬人行之(zhi)道。戲臺(tai)與正殿(dian)(dian)(觀音(yin)殿(dian)(dian))之(zhi)間有(you)腰墻相隔(ge),進入腰門,左右兩側(ce)(ce)各(ge)有(you)鐘(zhong)鼓樓和碑廊。
正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)面闊三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深兩(liang)(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂為(wei)懸山式,覆(fu)以琉(liu)璃瓦。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前增置抱廈以擴大佛事(shi)活動場地,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內正(zheng)(zheng)中一(yi)尊6米高(gao)的石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)觀(guan)音(yin)像,頭飾(shi)花(hua)冠(guan)直達(da)屋頂。觀(guan)音(yin)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)有2米高(gao)的石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)脅侍立像兩(liang)(liang)尊,系遼代所作。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內東(dong)西兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)佇立十(shi)大明王。壁(bi)上還繪(hui)有二十(shi)四幅(fu)觀(guan)音(yin)菩薩(sa)救難的故事(shi)。后院是一(yi)座磚券(quan)窯洞與木構(gou)樓(lou)閣(ge)相結合(he)的三(san)真殿(dian)(dian)(dian),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)東(dong)西兩(liang)(liang)端各設(she)磚梯(ti)樓(lou)道(dao)可拾級而上。上層即(ji)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)木構(gou)樓(lou)房(fang),正(zheng)(zheng)中三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)內塑觀(guan)音(yin)、文殊(shu)、普賢像,四壁(bi)繪(hui)“普救老人”壁(bi)畫多幅(fu)。
寺前有三龍(long)琉(liu)璃照(zhao)壁,是(shi)大(da)同市唯一(yi)的一(yi)座雙(shuang)(shuang)面(mian)照(zhao)壁,為(wei)明代遺物。寺西摩崖上(shang)鐫有三米見方的雙(shuang)(shuang)鉤“佛(fo)”字,據考證為(wei)遼代遺跡。