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建筑特色

該城堡(bao)建(jian)于明中葉(xie)嘉靖年間，初建(jian)時僅有(you)一(yi)(yi)南門(men)（明代不建(jian)北門(men)），清初順治年間新建(jian)北門(men)，并在南北門(men)增建(jian)二座甕城。城堡(bao)墻(qiang)(qiang)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)布局呈方形(xing)(xing)(xing)，邊長230余米(mi)，黃(huang)土夯筑(zhu)，墻(qiang)(qiang)外凸出土筑(zhu)馬(ma)面(mian)，高8約米(mi)。兩甕城的內(nei)城門(men)南北對峙形(xing)(xing)(xing)成一(yi)(yi)條大(da)街、東(dong)西各有(you)小街道三條，沿堡(bao)墻(qiang)(qiang)內(nei)周圍有(you)“更(geng)道”一(yi)(yi)周。這(zhe)便形(xing)(xing)(xing)成了西古(gu)堡(bao)村總平(ping)(ping)面(mian)呈“國”字形(xing)(xing)(xing)的特殊形(xing)(xing)(xing)制。是古(gu)蔚(yu)州八百城堡(bao)中比較獨特的一(yi)(yi)例(li)。

村(cun)內現存的(de)古(gu)民(min)居院落(luo)約180座。高(gao)大(da)(da)的(de)門(men)樓、精(jing)美的(de)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、木雕(diao)花(hua)彩(cai)繪，九連環，四(si)進四(si)出的(de)四(si)合(he)院無不在述(shu)說著當(dang)年的(de)繁(fan)榮。這些民(min)居大(da)(da)多為磚(zhuan)(zhuan)木結構，青條基石，白(bai)灰砌青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)墻，房頂起脊，安制吻獸、覆青板瓦(wa)。當(dang)地民(min)風淳樸(pu)，周圍環境優(you)美、站(zhan)在堡(bao)門(men)樓舉目觀望(wang)，四(si)周水田纏(chan)繞，郁郁蔥蔥、村(cun)里(li)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)灰瓦(wa)，極盡(jin)“小屋(wu)平頭墟里(li)落(luo)，炊煙起處是人(ren)間(jian)”之(zhi)古(gu)樸(pu)美、整座西古(gu)堡(bao)村(cun)，每條街巷每片民(min)居，雖歷經百年風雨飄(piao)泊，風采依舊。基本保留(liu)了(le)明、清時期(qi)的(de)歷史風貌。

南(nan)北甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)更是(shi)形式多樣，布局巧妙。工藝精(jing)細(xi)，體現了古代民間(jian)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的高超(chao)技藝。兩座甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的內(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明代所(suo)建(jian)，外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)及甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的南(nan)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)復雜，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡墻(qiang)平面(mian)布局呈方(fang)形長約百(bai)米、黃土夯筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、墻(qiang)外凸出土筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)馬面(mian)，高8余米。甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)共(gong)分(fen)上、下(xia)二(er)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)。下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)大部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)券仿木(mu)(mu)結(jie)構建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，上層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)磚(zhuan)木(mu)(mu)結(jie)構建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)大天井式，周圍建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)環繞，共(gong)有樓閣74間(jian)。由(you)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東北角磚(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)臺階進(jin)入(ru)角門(men)，入(ru)門(men)后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東跨院(yuan)(yuan)，院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)方(fang)磚(zhuan)墁地，正面(mian)磚(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)花壘墻(qiang)，底層(ceng)(ceng)正南(nan)50米處為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)座卷棚頂樂樓，兩側各(ge)有一(yi)間(jian)耳房(fang)，也是(shi)蔚(yu)縣眾多戲(xi)樓中的特殊一(yi)例。正北東為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馬王廟(miao)，西為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三義殿。院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)東下(xia)房(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)僧(seng)尞三間(jian)。下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)小院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)，磚(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)圍墻(qiang)，正南(nan)辟一(yi)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)小門(men)。上部(bu)(bu)(bu)磚(zhuan)仿木(mu)(mu)出檐，五踩斗(dou)栱(gong)，磚(zhuan)雕(diao)以(yi)華(hua)麗精(jing)細(xi)見著(zhu)，正房(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)斗(dou)栱(gong)券結(jie)構房(fang)屋。

跨院西(xi)(xi)(xi)部下(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)栱券(quan)(quan)門洞，平面呈“亞(ya)”形，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)堡主(zhu)街軸(zhou)線，券(quan)(quan)頂(ding)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)觀音殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，硬山布瓦頂(ding)，北部抱(bao)廈一間，廈東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩側筑(zhu)(zhu)有懸(xuan)山頂(ding)鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou)二樓(lou)，建筑(zhu)(zhu)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)巷可通。觀音殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)側又突(tu)出一座磚(zhuan)(zhuan)筑(zhu)(zhu)小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)。上(shang)下(xia)(xia)兩層，東(dong)北角有豎(shu)井臺階相通上(shang)下(xia)(xia)。中設長方形小(xiao)(xiao)天井。上(shang)層四周建筑(zhu)(zhu)環繞，前砌(qi)女兒墻，均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)硬山頂(ding)轉(zhuan)角前出廊式，置(zhi)直欞窗，正北為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地藏殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)各為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閻君，南為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鬼王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鬼王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)懸(xuan)山頂(ding)鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou)，下(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)栱券(quan)(quan)門洞，軒木(mu)(mu)板(ban)門二扇(shan)。天井下(xia)(xia)部東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)栱券(quan)(quan)窯洞，洞外磚(zhuan)(zhuan)仿木(mu)(mu)出檐(yan)，磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕椽(chuan)、飛、斗栱。天井南側為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一小(xiao)(xiao)院，有東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)僧尞和廂房(fang)，券(quan)(quan)門正南堡墻上(shang)嵌一大(da)形影壁(bi)，壁(bi)心(xin)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕二條(tiao)蟠龍，龍體矯健雄(xiong)猛，造(zao)型優美，十(shi)分生動。

甕城(cheng)東墻開一(yi)(yi)(yi)城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)，磚(zhuan)券結構，高8余米，券門(men)(men)(men)(men)洞外部(bu)上鑲一(yi)(yi)(yi)石匾，陰(yin)刻楷書“永盛門(men)(men)(men)(men)西古堡”，小款“歲康熙十九年”。門(men)(men)(men)(men)內(nei)石墁路面，歷史上車轍(che)遺(yi)留(liu)痕跡，歷歷在目。門(men)(men)(men)(men)外迎面建一(yi)(yi)(yi)座磚(zhuan)雕須彌座影壁，磨(mo)磚(zhuan)對縫(feng)。

北甕城平面形制大(da)小與南甕城大(da)體相當，內(nei)、外(wai)城門(men)及內(nei)城門(men)門(men)樓(lou)保(bao)存(cun)較好(hao)。其中(zhong)的廟宇，如“九(jiu)天(tian)閣”等(deng)建筑早年已毀(hui)。

藝術價值

西古堡甕城建(jian)(jian)筑布(bu)局靈活多變，結構嚴(yan)謹復雜，殿宇高低(di)參差錯落，樓臺(tai)掩映，建(jian)(jian)筑景(jing)(jing)中(zhong)套景(jing)(jing)，景(jing)(jing)中(zhong)借景(jing)(jing)，景(jing)(jing)中(zhong)藏景(jing)(jing)，充分顯示了當時工匠高超的藝術設計水平(ping)。