芒果视频下载

建筑特色

該(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡建(jian)于明中葉(xie)嘉靖年間，初建(jian)時僅有一(yi)南門（明代不(bu)建(jian)北門），清初順治(zhi)年間新建(jian)北門，并在南北門增(zeng)建(jian)二(er)座(zuo)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡墻(qiang)平面布局(ju)呈方形(xing)，邊(bian)長(chang)230余米(mi)，黃土(tu)夯筑，墻(qiang)外凸出(chu)土(tu)筑馬面，高8約米(mi)。兩甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門南北對(dui)峙(zhi)形(xing)成一(yi)條(tiao)大街、東西各(ge)有小街道三(san)條(tiao)，沿(yan)堡墻(qiang)內周(zhou)圍有“更道”一(yi)周(zhou)。這便形(xing)成了西古(gu)堡村總平面呈“國”字形(xing)的特殊形(xing)制。是(shi)古(gu)蔚州八百城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡中比較(jiao)獨特的一(yi)例。

村內現存的(de)古民(min)居(ju)院(yuan)落約(yue)180座。高大(da)的(de)門(men)樓(lou)、精美的(de)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)、木雕(diao)花(hua)彩(cai)繪，九連環，四進四出的(de)四合(he)院(yuan)無(wu)不在述說(shuo)著(zhu)當(dang)年的(de)繁榮。這些(xie)民(min)居(ju)大(da)多為磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)木結構，青條基(ji)石(shi)，白灰(hui)砌青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)墻，房頂(ding)起(qi)脊(ji)，安制吻(wen)獸、覆青板瓦。當(dang)地民(min)風淳樸(pu)，周圍(wei)環境優(you)美、站在堡門(men)樓(lou)舉(ju)目觀望，四周水田(tian)纏(chan)繞，郁郁蔥蔥、村里(li)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)灰(hui)瓦，極盡(jin)“小屋(wu)平(ping)頭墟(xu)里(li)落，炊煙起(qi)處(chu)是人間”之古樸(pu)美、整座西(xi)古堡村，每(mei)條街巷每(mei)片民(min)居(ju)，雖(sui)歷(li)經百年風雨飄泊，風采依舊。基(ji)本保留(liu)了明(ming)、清時期的(de)歷(li)史風貌。

南(nan)北甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)的建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)更是(shi)形(xing)式多樣，布(bu)局(ju)巧妙。工藝精細，體現了古代民間(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的高超(chao)技藝。兩座甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)的內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)門(men)(men)為(wei)明代所建(jian)(jian)(jian)，外城(cheng)門(men)(men)及甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)的南(nan)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)復雜(za)，城(cheng)堡墻(qiang)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)布(bu)局(ju)呈方形(xing)長約百米、黃土夯(hang)筑(zhu)、墻(qiang)外凸出土筑(zhu)馬面(mian)(mian)，高8余米。甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)的建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)共(gong)分上、下(xia)二部(bu)分。下(xia)層大部(bu)分為(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)券仿木結(jie)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，上層是(shi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)木結(jie)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)中部(bu)為(wei)一(yi)大天井(jing)式，周圍建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)環繞(rao)，共(gong)有(you)(you)樓閣74間(jian)(jian)。由甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)東(dong)北角(jiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)臺階進入(ru)角(jiao)門(men)(men)，入(ru)門(men)(men)后為(wei)東(dong)跨(kua)院(yuan)，院(yuan)內(nei)(nei)方磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)墁地，正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)花(hua)壘墻(qiang)，底(di)層正(zheng)南(nan)50米處為(wei)一(yi)座卷棚頂樂樓，兩側各有(you)(you)一(yi)間(jian)(jian)耳(er)房，也是(shi)蔚縣(xian)眾多戲樓中的特殊一(yi)例。正(zheng)北東(dong)為(wei)馬王(wang)廟(miao)，西為(wei)三義殿。院(yuan)內(nei)(nei)東(dong)下(xia)房為(wei)僧尞三間(jian)(jian)。下(xia)層為(wei)一(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)院(yuan)落，磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)圍墻(qiang)，正(zheng)南(nan)辟一(yi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雕小(xiao)(xiao)門(men)(men)。上部(bu)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)仿木出檐，五踩斗(dou)栱(gong)，磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雕以華麗精細見著，正(zheng)房為(wei)斗(dou)栱(gong)券結(jie)構房屋。

跨院西(xi)(xi)部下為(wei)栱(gong)券門洞(dong)(dong)，平面呈“亞”形(xing)，為(wei)城堡主(zhu)街軸線，券頂(ding)上(shang)為(wei)觀音殿(dian)，硬山布瓦頂(ding)，北部抱廈一(yi)(yi)間，廈東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)側(ce)筑(zhu)(zhu)有(you)懸山頂(ding)鐘(zhong)(zhong)鼓樓二(er)樓，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)為(wei)小巷可通。觀音殿(dian)西(xi)(xi)側(ce)又突出一(yi)(yi)座磚(zhuan)(zhuan)筑(zhu)(zhu)小城。上(shang)下兩(liang)層(ceng)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)北角有(you)豎井臺階相通上(shang)下。中設長方形(xing)小天井。上(shang)層(ceng)四周(zhou)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)環(huan)繞，前砌女兒墻，均為(wei)硬山頂(ding)轉(zhuan)角前出廊式，置直(zhi)欞窗(chuang)，正北為(wei)地藏殿(dian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)各為(wei)十(shi)(shi)殿(dian)閻君，南為(wei)鬼(gui)王(wang)殿(dian)。鬼(gui)王(wang)殿(dian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)為(wei)懸山頂(ding)鐘(zhong)(zhong)鼓樓，下為(wei)栱(gong)券門洞(dong)(dong)，軒木板門二(er)扇(shan)。天井下部東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)北均為(wei)栱(gong)券窯(yao)洞(dong)(dong)，洞(dong)(dong)外磚(zhuan)(zhuan)仿木出檐，磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕椽、飛(fei)、斗栱(gong)。天井南側(ce)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)小院，有(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)僧尞和廂房，券門正南堡墻上(shang)嵌一(yi)(yi)大形(xing)影壁，壁心磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕二(er)條(tiao)蟠龍，龍體矯健雄猛，造型優美，十(shi)(shi)分生動。

甕城東墻開(kai)一(yi)城門(men)，磚(zhuan)券(quan)結構(gou)，高8余米，券(quan)門(men)洞外部上(shang)鑲一(yi)石匾，陰刻(ke)楷書“永盛門(men)西古(gu)堡”，小款(kuan)“歲康熙十九年”。門(men)內石墁(man)路(lu)面，歷史(shi)上(shang)車轍遺(yi)留痕跡，歷歷在目(mu)。門(men)外迎(ying)面建一(yi)座(zuo)磚(zhuan)雕須彌座(zuo)影壁，磨磚(zhuan)對縫。

北甕(weng)城(cheng)平面形制大小(xiao)與(yu)南甕(weng)城(cheng)大體相當，內(nei)、外城(cheng)門(men)(men)及內(nei)城(cheng)門(men)(men)門(men)(men)樓保存(cun)較好。其中的(de)廟宇，如“九天閣”等建(jian)筑早年(nian)已(yi)毀。

藝術價值

西古堡甕(weng)城建筑布局靈活多(duo)變，結(jie)構嚴(yan)謹復(fu)雜，殿宇高(gao)低(di)參(can)差錯落，樓(lou)臺掩映，建筑景(jing)(jing)中(zhong)套景(jing)(jing)，景(jing)(jing)中(zhong)借景(jing)(jing)，景(jing)(jing)中(zhong)藏(zang)景(jing)(jing)，充分顯示了當時(shi)工匠(jiang)高(gao)超的藝術設計水平。