簡介
暖(nuan)泉華(hua)嚴寺(si)位于暖(nuan)泉古(gu)鎮內(nei),軸(zhou)線上(shang)原有山門、天(tian)王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、過殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、大(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),兩側有鐘鼓樓、配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、禪房等。過殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)歇山布(bu)瓦(wa)頂,卷草(cao)花脊,面(mian)三進(jin)二,外檐(yan)(yan)置五(wu)踩(cai)單(dan)(dan)昂斗拱(gong)(gong),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)滿置天(tian)花,明間繪四(si)瓜龍,次間繪彩(cai)鳳,前(qian)后廊內(nei)繪仙鶴,該殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)彩(cai)繪華(hua)麗,保(bao)存較好,是不(bu)可多得(de)的藝(yi)術精品。后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為全(quan)寺(si)的主要建筑,單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)歇山布(bu)瓦(wa)頂,卷草(cao)花脊,面(mian)寬五(wu)間,進(jin)深四(si)間,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇雄渾不(bu)凡,梁(liang)架(jia)用材碩(shuo)壯,外檐(yan)(yan)置重昂五(wu)踩(cai)斗拱(gong)(gong)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)徹上(shang)露(lu)明造,梁(liang)架(jia)上(shang)布(bu)滿遍裝彩(cai)繪,采用民間彩(cai)繪手法,有彩(cai)龍、麒(qi)麟(lin)、獅子(zi)、花卉等圖案,彩(cai)繪內(nei)容(rong)豐(feng)富、構圖新穎、手法嫻熟(shu)。院(yuan)內(nei)有東(dong)西配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)各三間,硬山布(bu)瓦(wa)頂。另有禪房多間。
華嚴寺(si)歷史上有“大(da)寺(si)前(qian)面(mian)佛爺(ye)(ye)鏡(jing),大(da)寺(si)后(hou)面(mian)青菜園”之說,現在(zai)寺(si)前(qian)面(mian)的“佛爺(ye)(ye)鏡(jing)”仍清澈可見。“佛爺(ye)(ye)鏡(jing)”在(zai)寺(si)前(qian)山門外(wai),為(wei)一圓(yuan)形石砌水(shui)(shui)池,直徑約15米,池水(shui)(shui)為(wei)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)、清澈見底(di),水(shui)(shui)底(di)錦鯉(li)游迤,水(shui)(shui)面(mian)白鵝飄浮,很有江南風韻。
華(hua)嚴(yan)寺(si)(si)的建筑年代(dai)無史料(liao)考證(zheng),但在調(diao)查中當(dang)地老人說在大殿脊檁下原有木匾一(yi)塊(kuai),上書有“大明(ming)洪武三十二年”等(deng)字樣。這與古(gu)建筑專家學者考證(zheng)其為明(ming)代(dai)早期建筑相一(yi)致。因此,華(hua)嚴(yan)寺(si)(si)現存建筑為明(ming)代(dai)早期建筑。
現狀
現存(cun)兩座大殿為水(shui)陸殿和大雄(xiong)寶殿,2014年已修。
壁畫
華嚴寺水陸殿(dian)內(nei)墻發(fa)現的水陸畫(hua),分為(wei)(wei)北墻壁(bi)兩(liang)側和東壁(bi)、西壁(bi),面積大約80平方米。北壁(bi)兩(liang)側為(wei)(wei)十大明王圖,東、西壁(bi)分為(wei)(wei)上、中(zhong)、下三排(pai),以墨(mo)線相隔共(gong)100幅,為(wei)(wei)“法界(jie)、四圣、六凡”等一切眾生相,大約600位人物。
據介(jie)紹,水(shui)(shui)(shui)陸畫即(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)陸法會圖(tu),是(shi)舉(ju)辦水(shui)(shui)(shui)陸法會用到的(de)神(shen)祇圖(tu)像,包括壁畫、卷軸畫和(he)少數石刻。水(shui)(shui)(shui)陸圖(tu)像從(cong)唐代(dai)就(jiu)形(xing)成比較(jiao)完整的(de)體系,但是(shi)在元代(dai)以前的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)陸圖(tu)像沒有留存下來,現存水(shui)(shui)(shui)陸圖(tu)像基本是(shi)明清時期(qi)作品,分布在北方地區。
壁畫采(cai)用傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)工筆(bi)重彩的(de)(de)繪畫手法,兼(jian)用瀝粉貼金的(de)(de)工藝(yi)(yi)來(lai)表現金屬的(de)(de)質地,使畫面(mian)有強烈的(de)(de)立體感和(he)裝飾美感,線(xian)條勻細柔(rou)韌(ren),有濃厚的(de)(de)生活(huo)氣息和(he)人情味,達(da)到(dao)形神(shen)兼(jian)備的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術境界。畫面(mian)中人物(wu)比例適度(du),形象組合(he)得體,反映了畫師嫻熟的(de)(de)繪畫技藝(yi)(yi)和(he)水(shui)平。畫面(mian)構圖嚴謹,顏(yan)色(se)多來(lai)自于礦物(wu)顏(yan)料,有朱(zhu)砂(sha)、石(shi)青、石(shi)綠等,由于它們的(de)(de)穩定性好,現在依然鮮明(ming)艷麗(li)。