簡介
蔚州古城(cheng)墻古時非常有名,《萬歷野獲錄》記載(zai)“蔚州城(cheng)墻,相傳李(li)克用所筑(zhu),無論(lun)精堅(jian),其甃石光澤(ze)可以照面(mian),赫連之(zhi)統萬城(cheng)不足道也”,今看到的(de)(de)城(cheng)墻是明(ming)朝修建的(de)(de)。
蔚州古城始建于北周大象(xiang)二(er)年,現(xian)存城墻為(wei)(wei)(wei)明洪武十(shi)(shi)年重修,周七(qi)里十(shi)(shi)三步(3800米(mi)(mi),注:明承唐制,一(yi)(yi)里為(wei)(wei)(wei)540米(mi)(mi)),高三丈(zhang)五尺(11.5米(mi)(mi)),下寬(kuan)四丈(zhang)(13.3米(mi)(mi)),上寬(kuan)二(er)丈(zhang)五尺(8.3米(mi)(mi)),堞高六(liu)尺(2米(mi)(mi))。城門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)三座(zuo),角樓(lou)(lou)(lou)四座(zuo),敵樓(lou)(lou)(lou)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四座(zuo),各五間高三層,垛口(kou)一(yi)(yi)千一(yi)(yi)百余。東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)安定門(men)(men)(men),樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)景陽樓(lou)(lou)(lou),南門(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)景仙門(men)(men)(men),樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)萬山樓(lou)(lou)(lou),西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)清遠(yuan)門(men)(men)(men),樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣運樓(lou)(lou)(lou),三門(men)(men)(men)外均建有高大雄壯的(de)甕城、月(yue)城,月(yue)城上樓(lou)(lou)(lou)三座(zuo),各一(yi)(yi)間二(er)層。
東(dong)(dong)關(guan)城周(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)二里(li)二百一十(shi)(shi)步(1400米(mi)),門(men)四,東(dong)(dong)門(men)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)作門(men),西門(men)為(wei)永(yong)寧門(men)。南關(guan)城周(zhou)(zhou)三(san)(san)里(li)二百七(qi)十(shi)(shi)步(1700米(mi)),門(men)四,東(dong)(dong)門(men)為(wei)平安門(men),南門(men)為(wei)明庶門(men),北門(men)為(wei)永(yong)昌門(men)。西關(guan)城周(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)一里(li)三(san)(san)百三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)四步(1000米(mi)),門(men)四,東(dong)(dong)門(men)為(wei)永(yong)安門(men)”,北門(men)為(wei)鎮朔(shuo)門(men)。
歷史背景
蔚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)歷史源遠流長,古稱蔚州,又名蘿川,是(shi)古“燕云十六州”之一。蔚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始建(jian)于北(bei)周大(da)象二年,因(yin)(yin)古代(dai)(dai)蔚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)均屬于和北(bei)方少數名族爭取接壤的(de)(de)(de)(de)地段,經(jing)多次戰(zhan)亂,因(yin)(yin)此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻歷經(jing)多年毀建(jian),至(zhi)明(ming)代(dai)(dai),因(yin)(yin)為(wei)抵御(yu)北(bei)方少數民族政(zheng)權,于明(ming)代(dai)(dai)洪(hong)武十年重(zhong)修的(de)(de)(de)(de)蔚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻大(da)修,今所見的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻即為(wei)明(ming)代(dai)(dai)遺存(cun),蔚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻是(shi)國內現存(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一座不(bu)(bu)是(shi)方圓建(jian)制的(de)(de)(de)(de),而(er)是(shi)依地勢建(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)規則(ze)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻,并且一反(fan)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四門或九門的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)制,而(er)是(shi)在北(bei)方不(bu)(bu)建(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門,這是(shi)為(wei)了(le)抵御(yu)北(bei)方少數政(zheng)權入侵,以便預留更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)抵御(yu)時(shi)間(jian)所建(jian),為(wei)其他地區古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所罕見之處(chu),是(shi)京(jing)西保存(cun)為(wei)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)、形(xing)制為(wei)特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。