簡介
蔚州(zhou)古(gu)城(cheng)墻古(gu)時非(fei)常有名,《萬歷(li)野獲錄(lu)》記載(zai)“蔚州(zhou)城(cheng)墻,相(xiang)傳李克(ke)用所筑,無論(lun)精堅,其(qi)甃石光澤可以照面,赫連之(zhi)統萬城(cheng)不足道(dao)也”,今(jin)看到的城(cheng)墻是明朝(chao)修建的。
蔚州(zhou)古城(cheng)始建于北周大象二年,現存城(cheng)墻為(wei)明洪武十(shi)年重修,周七里十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)步(3800米(mi)(mi),注(zhu):明承唐(tang)制,一(yi)里為(wei)540米(mi)(mi)),高三(san)(san)(san)(san)丈五尺(chi)(11.5米(mi)(mi)),下寬四丈(13.3米(mi)(mi)),上寬二丈五尺(chi)(8.3米(mi)(mi)),堞高六(liu)尺(chi)(2米(mi)(mi))。城(cheng)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)三(san)(san)(san)(san)座,角樓(lou)(lou)四座,敵樓(lou)(lou)二十(shi)四座,各五間高三(san)(san)(san)(san)層(ceng),垛(duo)口一(yi)千(qian)一(yi)百余。東(dong)門(men)(men)為(wei)安定門(men)(men),樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)景陽樓(lou)(lou),南門(men)(men)為(wei)景仙(xian)門(men)(men),樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)萬山樓(lou)(lou),西門(men)(men)為(wei)清遠門(men)(men),樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)廣運樓(lou)(lou),三(san)(san)(san)(san)門(men)(men)外均建有高大雄壯(zhuang)的甕城(cheng)、月城(cheng),月城(cheng)上樓(lou)(lou)三(san)(san)(san)(san)座,各一(yi)間二層(ceng)。
東(dong)關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)長二里(li)二百(bai)一(yi)(yi)十步(1400米),門(men)(men)四,東(dong)門(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)作門(men)(men),西門(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)永寧門(men)(men)。南關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)三(san)(san)里(li)二百(bai)七(qi)十步(1700米),門(men)(men)四,東(dong)門(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)平安門(men)(men),南門(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)庶門(men)(men),北(bei)門(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)永昌門(men)(men)。西關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)長一(yi)(yi)里(li)三(san)(san)百(bai)三(san)(san)十四步(1000米),門(men)(men)四,東(dong)門(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)永安門(men)(men)”,北(bei)門(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鎮朔門(men)(men)。
歷史背景
蔚(yu)縣(xian)歷(li)史源遠(yuan)流(liu)長,古(gu)(gu)稱蔚(yu)州(zhou),又名蘿川,是(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)“燕(yan)云十(shi)(shi)六(liu)州(zhou)”之一(yi)。蔚(yu)縣(xian)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)始建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)北(bei)(bei)周大象二年(nian)(nian),因(yin)(yin)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)蔚(yu)縣(xian)均屬于(yu)和(he)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)少數名族爭取(qu)接(jie)壤的(de)(de)(de)地段,經多(duo)(duo)次戰亂,因(yin)(yin)此城(cheng)墻歷(li)經多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)毀(hui)建(jian)(jian)(jian),至明(ming)代(dai),因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)抵(di)(di)御(yu)(yu)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)少數民族政權,于(yu)明(ming)代(dai)洪武十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)重(zhong)修的(de)(de)(de)蔚(yu)縣(xian)縣(xian)城(cheng),將城(cheng)墻大修,今所(suo)(suo)見的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)墻即為(wei)(wei)明(ming)代(dai)遺存(cun),蔚(yu)縣(xian)城(cheng)墻是(shi)(shi)(shi)國內現存(cun)城(cheng)址中的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)座不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)圓建(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de),而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)依地勢建(jian)(jian)(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)規則城(cheng)墻,并且一(yi)反(fan)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)四門(men)(men)或九(jiu)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi),而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)不(bu)(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)城(cheng)門(men)(men),這是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了抵(di)(di)御(yu)(yu)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)少數政權入侵,以便預留更多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)抵(di)(di)御(yu)(yu)時(shi)間(jian)所(suo)(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian),為(wei)(wei)其他(ta)地區古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)所(suo)(suo)罕(han)見之處,是(shi)(shi)(shi)京西保存(cun)為(wei)(wei)完整的(de)(de)(de)、形制(zhi)為(wei)(wei)特殊的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)。