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基本介紹

彰德(de)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟又叫“威(wei)靈公(gong)廟”，南(nan)山門位(wei)于河南(nan)省安陽(yang)市文峰區鼓樓東街(jie)六號，地處安陽(yang)老城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)心。尚未修復(fu)的(de)北(bei)(bei)山門位(wei)于安陽(yang)東西主干道文峰南(nan)路(lu)，附近既有繁華(hua)的(de)商業(ye)街(jie)又有從明代(dai)到民國各個時代(dai)的(de)古建(jian)(jian)筑。其(qi)西側(ce)兩百(bai)米為正在準(zhun)備(bei)修復(fu)的(de)鼓樓，北(bei)(bei)側(ce)為安陽(yang)相州（安陽(yang)縣）城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟。是(shi)豫北(bei)(bei)地區城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟與城(cheng)(cheng)隍文化(hua)的(de)代(dai)表。也是(shi)安陽(yang)市現(xian)存規模最大、歷史悠久(jiu)、保(bao)存完好的(de)道教(jiao)建(jian)(jian)筑與禮制建(jian)(jian)筑群。

根據清乾(qian)隆五十(shi)(shi)年(nian)（公(gong)元1787年(nian)）編修的(de)《彰德府(fu)志》記載：彰德府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)廟(miao)(miao)宇布局圖，當時城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)有五進院落(luo)、六所(suo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配有左(zuo)右對稱(cheng)的(de)廂房(fang)、前(qian)院西(xi)側(ce)有府(fu)屬七縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)一所(suo)，建(jian)筑(zhu)布局規整，規模宏偉(wei)。廟(miao)(miao)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之中(zhong)供奉府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)，兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)分列(lie)八大(da)(da)(da)(da)將、黑(hei)白(bai)判官、牛頭、馬面、黑(hei)白(bai)無常(chang)、日(ri)夜巡游、鐘鼓神以及(ji)(ji)十(shi)(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閻王十(shi)(shi)八司(si)等地獄塑像。1933年(nian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)被(bei)毀，戲樓、牌(pai)樓、八字墻改建(jian)店鋪(pu)，辟為市場，至此，安陽(yang)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)道教(jiao)古建(jian)筑(zhu)群走(zou)向衰弱。1982年(nian)，安陽(yang)市政府(fu)投(tou)入專款進行修繕。現存大(da)(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)于(yu)明初，三(san)(san)(san)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、五殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、和七縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)為落(luo)架(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)修，仿其舊制。二(er)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、四(si)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、牌(pai)坊為重(zhong)建(jian)。重(zhong)修后的(de)彰德府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)整體規劃(hua)布局完整，建(jian)筑(zhu)造型(xing)(xing)豐富多樣。主院中(zhong)軸線依(yi)次排列(lie)為四(si)柱三(san)(san)(san)樓式(shi)木牌(pai)樓。三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)歇山重(zhong)檐式(shi)山門及(ji)(ji)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)八字琉璃照壁、池上架(jia)(jia)設三(san)(san)(san)孔拱橋。三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)懸(xuan)山式(shi)前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)懸(xuan)山式(shi)拜殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、吳劍(jian)歇山式(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、五間(jian)懸(xuan)山式(shi)寢殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)硬山式(shi)后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（因拆遷問題暫時未(wei)建(jian)設）、中(zhong)軸兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)分配對稱(cheng)的(de)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)(ji)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)間(jian)廊房(fang)，使其更加威嚴肅穆(mu)、恢(hui)弘壯觀。建(jian)筑(zhu)造型(xing)(xing)多種多樣，極具藝術型(xing)(xing)、科學性、文物價值。

歷史沿革

和很多古城(cheng)(cheng)一樣，安陽(yang)的彰(zhang)德(de)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)有(you)著(zhu)顯赫(he)的歷(li)史(shi)(shi)。據史(shi)(shi)料記(ji)(ji)載(zai)：彰(zhang)德(de)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟始(shi)建于(yu)北周大象二年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)580年(nian)）至(zhi)隋大業(ye)年(nian)間（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)618年(nian)）。《彰(zhang)德(de)府(fu)府(fu)志(zhi)》記(ji)(ji)載(zai)：“彰(zhang)德(de)有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)府(fu)，自設郡起由來已久，不自明始(shi)”，說(shuo)的是彰(zhang)德(de)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟有(you)悠(you)久的歷(li)史(shi)(shi)。據山(shan)門(men)題記(ji)(ji)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)，明洪武年(nian)間，彰(zhang)德(de)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)被敕封為“威(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)”，彰(zhang)德(de)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟隨(sui)之于(yu)明洪武二年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1369年(nian)）進(jin)行了擴建修葺。碑刻記(ji)(ji)載(zai)：“推彰(zhang)德(de)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)聰明正直，圣不可罔，《彰(zhang)德(de)府(fu)志(zhi)》亦云。”歷(li)明朝景泰五年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1454年(nian)）、成華二十二年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1486年(nian)）、萬歷(li)十五年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1587年(nian)）、萬歷(li)二十八年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1600年(nian)）、清朝乾隆二十七年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1772年(nian)）、嘉慶十三年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1808年(nian)）、等朝代多次修葺。

建國后(hou)特(te)殊(shu)歷史時期，城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟受到了(le)毀滅(mie)性打擊，瘋狂的人群在廟里肆意的破壞，府(fu)內建筑神像(xiang)多數被毀。但是有善(shan)信在那個年(nian)代依舊冒死(si)把悄悄的把城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)爺神像(xiang)進行(xing)的轉移保護，才使得城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神像(xiang)避免(mian)了(le)這(zhe)場浩劫，在后(hou)來的城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟修復過程(cheng)中，城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神像(xiang)雕(diao)塑得以(yi)回(hui)歸(gui)。

彰(zhang)德府城隍廟是安陽市內不可多(duo)得的，同時也是保存最完好的宗教建(jian)筑，1986年被評定為(wei)河南(nan)省重點(dian)文物保護單(dan)位(wei)。2013年5月被評為(wei)全國重點(dian)文物保護單(dan)位(wei)。

目前宮觀內成立了(le)安(an)陽民(min)俗博物館(guan)，免費對市民(min)開(kai)放。同時在(zai)宮觀的(de)西(xi)南角開(kai)設了(le)專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)上香(xiang)祭拜區域，逢(feng)年過節香(xiang)火非(fei)常鼎盛(sheng)。