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基本介紹

彰(zhang)德府城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)又叫“威靈公廟(miao)”，南山門(men)(men)位(wei)于河(he)南省安(an)(an)陽(yang)市文(wen)峰區鼓(gu)樓東(dong)街(jie)六號，地處安(an)(an)陽(yang)老城(cheng)(cheng)中心。尚(shang)未修復(fu)的(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)山門(men)(men)位(wei)于安(an)(an)陽(yang)東(dong)西主干(gan)道(dao)(dao)文(wen)峰南路，附(fu)近(jin)既有(you)(you)繁(fan)華的(de)(de)商業(ye)街(jie)又有(you)(you)從明代(dai)(dai)到民(min)國(guo)各個時(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)古建(jian)筑。其西側兩百米(mi)為(wei)正在準備(bei)修復(fu)的(de)(de)鼓(gu)樓，北(bei)(bei)側為(wei)安(an)(an)陽(yang)相州（安(an)(an)陽(yang)縣）城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)。是(shi)(shi)豫北(bei)(bei)地區城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)與城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)文(wen)化的(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)。也是(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)陽(yang)市現(xian)存(cun)規模最大(da)、歷史(shi)悠(you)久、保存(cun)完好的(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)教建(jian)筑與禮制建(jian)筑群。

根據清乾隆五十年（公元1787年）編修(xiu)(xiu)的《彰(zhang)德(de)(de)府志》記載：彰(zhang)德(de)(de)府城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)廟(miao)宇布局(ju)圖，當時城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)有(you)五進(jin)院落(luo)、六所大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配(pei)有(you)左右對稱的廂房(fang)、前院西(xi)側有(you)府屬七縣城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)一所，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑布局(ju)規(gui)整，規(gui)模宏偉。廟(miao)內城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之中供(gong)奉府城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，兩側分列八(ba)大(da)將(jiang)、黑(hei)白(bai)判官、牛頭(tou)、馬(ma)面、黑(hei)白(bai)無常(chang)、日夜巡游(you)、鐘鼓神以及(ji)(ji)(ji)十殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閻(yan)王十八(ba)司(si)等(deng)地獄塑像(xiang)。1933年城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)被毀(hui)，戲(xi)樓、牌樓、八(ba)字墻改建(jian)(jian)(jian)店鋪，辟為(wei)(wei)(wei)市場(chang)，至(zhi)此，安(an)陽最大(da)的道教古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群走向衰弱。1982年，安(an)陽市政府投(tou)入(ru)專款進(jin)行修(xiu)(xiu)繕。現存大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于明初，三殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、五殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、和七縣城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)落(luo)架大(da)修(xiu)(xiu)，仿其舊制。二殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、四殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、牌坊為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)。重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)后的彰(zhang)德(de)(de)府城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)整體規(gui)劃布局(ju)完整，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑造(zao)型(xing)豐富多樣(yang)。主院中軸線依(yi)次排列為(wei)(wei)(wei)四柱三樓式(shi)木牌樓。三間歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)重(zhong)(zhong)檐式(shi)山(shan)(shan)門及(ji)(ji)(ji)兩側八(ba)字琉璃照壁(bi)、池上(shang)架設三孔拱橋(qiao)。三間懸(xuan)(xuan)山(shan)(shan)式(shi)前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三間懸(xuan)(xuan)山(shan)(shan)式(shi)拜殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、吳劍歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)式(shi)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、五間懸(xuan)(xuan)山(shan)(shan)式(shi)寢(qin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三間硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)式(shi)后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（因拆遷問題暫時未建(jian)(jian)(jian)設）、中軸兩側分配(pei)對稱的配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)十九(jiu)間廊(lang)房(fang)，使其更加威(wei)嚴(yan)肅穆、恢弘(hong)壯觀(guan)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑造(zao)型(xing)多種多樣(yang)，極具藝術型(xing)、科(ke)學(xue)性、文物價(jia)值。

歷史沿革

和很多古(gu)城(cheng)一樣，安陽的彰(zhang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)隍(huang)有(you)著顯赫的歷史。據史料記(ji)載：彰(zhang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)北周大象二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)580年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）至隋大業年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)618年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）。《彰(zhang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)府(fu)(fu)(fu)志》記(ji)載：“彰(zhang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)城(cheng)隍(huang)府(fu)(fu)(fu)，自設郡起由來已(yi)久(jiu)，不自明(ming)始(shi)”，說(shuo)的是(shi)彰(zhang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟有(you)悠久(jiu)的歷史。據山門(men)題記(ji)記(ji)載，明(ming)洪武(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間，彰(zhang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)隍(huang)被(bei)敕封為(wei)“威(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)”，彰(zhang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟隨(sui)之于(yu)明(ming)洪武(wu)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1369年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）進行了擴建(jian)修葺(qi)。碑刻記(ji)載：“推彰(zhang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)隍(huang)聰明(ming)正直，圣不可罔，《彰(zhang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)志》亦云。”歷明(ming)朝(chao)景(jing)泰五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1454年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、成華二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1486年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、萬(wan)歷十(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1587年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、萬(wan)歷二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1600年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、清(qing)朝(chao)乾隆(long)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1772年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、嘉慶十(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1808年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、等朝(chao)代多次修葺(qi)。

建國后特(te)殊歷史(shi)時期，城隍(huang)廟(miao)受到了(le)毀滅性打擊，瘋狂的(de)人群在廟(miao)里(li)肆意的(de)破(po)壞，府內建筑神(shen)像多數被(bei)毀。但是有善信在那個年代(dai)依舊冒死把悄悄的(de)把城隍(huang)爺神(shen)像進行的(de)轉移保(bao)護，才(cai)使得城隍(huang)神(shen)像避免了(le)這(zhe)場(chang)浩劫，在后來的(de)城隍(huang)廟(miao)修復過程(cheng)中(zhong)，城隍(huang)神(shen)像雕塑(su)得以回歸。

彰德(de)府城(cheng)隍廟是安陽市內不可多得的，同時也是保存最完好的宗(zong)教建筑，1986年被評定(ding)為河南省重點(dian)文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。2013年5月被評為全國重點(dian)文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。

目(mu)前(qian)宮觀內成立了安(an)陽民(min)俗博物館，免(mian)費對市民(min)開(kai)放。同時在(zai)宮觀的西南(nan)角開(kai)設了專門的上香祭拜區(qu)域(yu)，逢年過(guo)節香火非(fei)常鼎盛(sheng)。