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基本介紹

彰德(de)府(fu)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)又叫“威靈(ling)公廟(miao)”，南(nan)山門(men)位于河南(nan)省(sheng)安(an)(an)陽(yang)市(shi)文(wen)峰(feng)區鼓(gu)樓東街六(liu)號，地(di)處安(an)(an)陽(yang)老城(cheng)中心。尚未修復(fu)的(de)北山門(men)位于安(an)(an)陽(yang)東西主干道(dao)文(wen)峰(feng)南(nan)路，附近既(ji)有(you)繁(fan)華的(de)商業街又有(you)從明代到民(min)國各(ge)個時代的(de)古建筑(zhu)。其西側兩百米為(wei)正在準備修復(fu)的(de)鼓(gu)樓，北側為(wei)安(an)(an)陽(yang)相州（安(an)(an)陽(yang)縣）城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)。是(shi)豫北地(di)區城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)與(yu)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)文(wen)化的(de)代表(biao)。也是(shi)安(an)(an)陽(yang)市(shi)現存規模最大(da)、歷史悠久、保存完(wan)好(hao)的(de)道(dao)教(jiao)建筑(zhu)與(yu)禮制建筑(zhu)群。

根據清乾隆五(wu)十(shi)年(nian)（公元(yuan)1787年(nian)）編(bian)修的《彰德府(fu)志》記載：彰德府(fu)城隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)廟(miao)宇布局(ju)圖，當時(shi)城隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)有五(wu)進院(yuan)落、六(liu)所(suo)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配有左(zuo)右對稱的廂房、前院(yuan)西側有府(fu)屬七(qi)縣(xian)城隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)一所(suo)，建(jian)筑(zhu)布局(ju)規整(zheng)(zheng)，規模宏偉。廟(miao)內城隍(huang)(huang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)中供(gong)奉府(fu)城隍(huang)(huang)，兩(liang)側分列(lie)八大(da)將、黑(hei)白(bai)判官、牛頭、馬面、黑(hei)白(bai)無常、日(ri)夜巡(xun)游(you)、鐘鼓神以及十(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閻王十(shi)八司等地獄塑像。1933年(nian)城隍(huang)(huang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)被毀，戲樓、牌(pai)樓、八字墻改建(jian)店鋪，辟為(wei)(wei)市場，至此，安陽最大(da)的道教古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)走(zou)向衰弱。1982年(nian)，安陽市政府(fu)投入專款進行(xing)修繕。現存大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)于明(ming)初，三(san)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、五(wu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、和七(qi)縣(xian)城隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)為(wei)(wei)落架大(da)修，仿其舊制。二(er)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、四殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、牌(pai)坊(fang)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)建(jian)。重(zhong)修后(hou)的彰德府(fu)城隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)整(zheng)(zheng)體規劃布局(ju)完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)，建(jian)筑(zhu)造(zao)型(xing)豐(feng)富(fu)多樣(yang)。主(zhu)院(yuan)中軸線依次(ci)排列(lie)為(wei)(wei)四柱(zhu)三(san)樓式(shi)木牌(pai)樓。三(san)間(jian)(jian)歇山(shan)重(zhong)檐(yan)式(shi)山(shan)門及兩(liang)側八字琉璃照壁、池上架設三(san)孔(kong)拱橋。三(san)間(jian)(jian)懸(xuan)山(shan)式(shi)前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)間(jian)(jian)懸(xuan)山(shan)式(shi)拜殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、吳劍歇山(shan)式(shi)城隍(huang)(huang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、五(wu)間(jian)(jian)懸(xuan)山(shan)式(shi)寢殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)間(jian)(jian)硬山(shan)式(shi)后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（因(yin)拆遷問題(ti)暫時(shi)未建(jian)設）、中軸兩(liang)側分配對稱的配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及十(shi)九間(jian)(jian)廊房，使其更加(jia)威嚴肅穆、恢弘壯觀。建(jian)筑(zhu)造(zao)型(xing)多種多樣(yang)，極具藝(yi)術型(xing)、科學(xue)性、文物價值。

歷史沿革

和很多(duo)(duo)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)一樣，安陽(yang)的(de)(de)彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)有著顯赫的(de)(de)歷史(shi)。據史(shi)料記(ji)載(zai)(zai)：彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)始建于北周大(da)(da)象二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)580年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）至(zhi)隋大(da)(da)業年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)618年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）。《彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)府(fu)(fu)(fu)志》記(ji)載(zai)(zai)：“彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)有城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)府(fu)(fu)(fu)，自設郡起由來已久，不自明始”，說的(de)(de)是彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)有悠久的(de)(de)歷史(shi)。據山門(men)題記(ji)記(ji)載(zai)(zai)，明洪武(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間，彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)被敕封為“威靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)”，彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)隨之于明洪武(wu)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1369年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）進行(xing)了(le)擴建修葺(qi)。碑刻記(ji)載(zai)(zai)：“推彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)聰明正直，圣不可罔(wang)，《彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)志》亦(yi)云。”歷明朝(chao)景泰五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1454年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、成華二(er)十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1486年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、萬歷十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1587年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、萬歷二(er)十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1600年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、清(qing)朝(chao)乾隆二(er)十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1772年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、嘉慶十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1808年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、等(deng)朝(chao)代多(duo)(duo)次修葺(qi)。

建國(guo)后(hou)特殊歷史(shi)時期，城(cheng)隍廟受到了毀滅性打(da)擊，瘋(feng)狂的人群在廟里肆意的破壞，府內建筑神像(xiang)多(duo)數被毀。但是(shi)有善信在那個(ge)年代依舊冒(mao)死把悄悄的把城(cheng)隍爺(ye)神像(xiang)進行(xing)的轉移保護，才使得城(cheng)隍神像(xiang)避免了這場浩劫，在后(hou)來的城(cheng)隍廟修復(fu)過程中，城(cheng)隍神像(xiang)雕塑得以回歸(gui)。

彰德府城隍廟是(shi)安陽市內不可多得(de)的(de)，同(tong)時也是(shi)保(bao)(bao)存最完好的(de)宗教建筑，1986年被評(ping)定為河南(nan)省重點文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位。2013年5月被評(ping)為全(quan)國重點文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位。

目(mu)前(qian)宮(gong)(gong)觀內(nei)成立了(le)(le)安陽民俗(su)博物館，免(mian)費對市民開放。同時在宮(gong)(gong)觀的(de)(de)西南角開設了(le)(le)專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)(de)上香(xiang)祭(ji)拜區域(yu)，逢年過節香(xiang)火非常鼎盛(sheng)。