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基本介紹

彰德府城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)又叫“威靈(ling)公廟(miao)”，南山門(men)位于(yu)河南省安(an)(an)陽(yang)(yang)市文(wen)峰區鼓(gu)樓(lou)東街六號，地(di)處安(an)(an)陽(yang)(yang)老城(cheng)(cheng)中心。尚未(wei)修復的(de)(de)(de)北山門(men)位于(yu)安(an)(an)陽(yang)(yang)東西(xi)主干(gan)道(dao)文(wen)峰南路，附(fu)近既有(you)繁(fan)華的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)街又有(you)從(cong)明代(dai)到(dao)民(min)國各個(ge)時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)建(jian)筑。其西(xi)側(ce)兩百米為正在準備(bei)修復的(de)(de)(de)鼓(gu)樓(lou)，北側(ce)為安(an)(an)陽(yang)(yang)相州（安(an)(an)陽(yang)(yang)縣）城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)。是豫北地(di)區城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)與城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表。也(ye)是安(an)(an)陽(yang)(yang)市現存規(gui)模最(zui)大、歷史(shi)悠久、保存完好的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)教建(jian)筑與禮(li)制建(jian)筑群(qun)。

根(gen)據清乾(qian)隆五(wu)十(shi)年(nian)（公元1787年(nian)）編修(xiu)(xiu)的《彰德(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)志》記載：彰德(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)廟(miao)宇布(bu)(bu)局(ju)(ju)(ju)圖，當時城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)有五(wu)進院(yuan)(yuan)落、六所(suo)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配有左右對(dui)稱(cheng)的廂(xiang)房、前院(yuan)(yuan)西側(ce)有府(fu)(fu)(fu)屬七(qi)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)一所(suo)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)(ju)(ju)規整，規模宏偉。廟(miao)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)中(zhong)供奉(feng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)，兩(liang)側(ce)分列(lie)八大(da)(da)將(jiang)、黑(hei)白判官、牛頭、馬面(mian)、黑(hei)白無常、日(ri)夜巡游(you)、鐘鼓神(shen)以(yi)及十(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閻王十(shi)八司(si)等地獄塑(su)像。1933年(nian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)被毀，戲樓(lou)、牌(pai)樓(lou)、八字(zi)墻(qiang)改(gai)建(jian)(jian)店鋪，辟為(wei)市場(chang)，至此，安(an)陽最大(da)(da)的道(dao)教(jiao)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)走向(xiang)衰弱。1982年(nian)，安(an)陽市政府(fu)(fu)(fu)投入專(zhuan)款進行修(xiu)(xiu)繕(shan)。現存(cun)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)于明初，三(san)(san)(san)(san)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、五(wu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、和七(qi)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)為(wei)落架大(da)(da)修(xiu)(xiu)，仿(fang)其舊(jiu)制。二殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、四(si)(si)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、牌(pai)坊為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)。重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)后(hou)的彰德(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)整體規劃布(bu)(bu)局(ju)(ju)(ju)完(wan)整，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)造(zao)(zao)型豐富多樣。主(zhu)院(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)軸線依次排列(lie)為(wei)四(si)(si)柱三(san)(san)(san)(san)樓(lou)式(shi)(shi)木(mu)牌(pai)樓(lou)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)重(zhong)(zhong)檐式(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)及兩(liang)側(ce)八字(zi)琉(liu)璃照(zhao)壁(bi)、池上架設(she)(she)三(san)(san)(san)(san)孔拱橋。三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)拜(bai)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、吳劍(jian)歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、五(wu)間(jian)(jian)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)寢殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（因(yin)拆遷問題暫時未建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)）、中(zhong)軸兩(liang)側(ce)分配對(dui)稱(cheng)的配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及十(shi)九間(jian)(jian)廊房，使(shi)其更加威嚴肅穆、恢弘壯觀。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)造(zao)(zao)型多種多樣，極具藝術型、科學性(xing)、文物(wu)價(jia)值。

歷史沿革

和很多(duo)古城(cheng)一樣，安(an)陽的彰(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)城(cheng)隍(huang)有著(zhu)顯赫的歷(li)史(shi)。據史(shi)料記(ji)載(zai)(zai)：彰(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟始建于北周大(da)象二年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)580年(nian)）至(zhi)隋(sui)大(da)業年(nian)間(jian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)618年(nian)）。《彰(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)府(fu)志》記(ji)載(zai)(zai)：“彰(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)有城(cheng)隍(huang)府(fu)，自設郡(jun)起由來已久，不(bu)自明始”，說的是(shi)彰(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟有悠(you)久的歷(li)史(shi)。據山門題記(ji)記(ji)載(zai)(zai)，明洪武年(nian)間(jian)，彰(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)城(cheng)隍(huang)被(bei)敕(chi)封為(wei)“威靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)”，彰(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟隨之于明洪武二年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1369年(nian)）進行了擴建修(xiu)葺(qi)。碑刻記(ji)載(zai)(zai)：“推彰(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)城(cheng)隍(huang)聰明正直，圣(sheng)不(bu)可罔，《彰(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)志》亦云。”歷(li)明朝景泰(tai)五年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1454年(nian)）、成華二十二年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1486年(nian)）、萬歷(li)十五年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1587年(nian)）、萬歷(li)二十八年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1600年(nian)）、清朝乾隆二十七年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1772年(nian)）、嘉(jia)慶十三年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1808年(nian)）、等朝代多(duo)次修(xiu)葺(qi)。

建(jian)國后(hou)特殊歷(li)史時期(qi)，城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟受到(dao)了毀(hui)(hui)滅性打擊(ji)，瘋狂的(de)人(ren)群在(zai)廟里肆意(yi)的(de)破(po)壞，府內建(jian)筑(zhu)神像(xiang)多(duo)數被毀(hui)(hui)。但(dan)是有(you)善信在(zai)那個年代(dai)依(yi)舊冒死把(ba)悄(qiao)悄(qiao)的(de)把(ba)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)爺神像(xiang)進行的(de)轉(zhuan)移保護，才使得城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神像(xiang)避免了這場浩(hao)劫，在(zai)后(hou)來的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟修復過(guo)程中，城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神像(xiang)雕塑得以回歸。

彰德府城隍廟是安陽市內不可多(duo)得的(de)，同時也是保存最完好的(de)宗教建筑，1986年被評定為河南(nan)省(sheng)重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保護(hu)單位。2013年5月被評為全國重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保護(hu)單位。

目前宮觀內(nei)成(cheng)立了安陽(yang)民(min)俗博物館，免費(fei)對(dui)市民(min)開放。同時在宮觀的西南(nan)角開設了專(zhuan)門的上香祭拜區域，逢年過節香火(huo)非常鼎盛。