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基本介紹

彰德府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟又(you)叫“威靈公(gong)廟”，南(nan)山門位于(yu)河(he)南(nan)省安(an)陽(yang)市文峰區鼓樓(lou)東街六號，地(di)(di)處安(an)陽(yang)老(lao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)心。尚未(wei)修(xiu)復的北(bei)山門位于(yu)安(an)陽(yang)東西主干道文峰南(nan)路，附近(jin)既有繁華的商(shang)業街又(you)有從明代(dai)到民國各個(ge)時代(dai)的古建(jian)筑。其西側兩(liang)百米為正在準(zhun)備修(xiu)復的鼓樓(lou)，北(bei)側為安(an)陽(yang)相州(zhou)（安(an)陽(yang)縣）城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟。是豫北(bei)地(di)(di)區城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)文化的代(dai)表。也是安(an)陽(yang)市現存規模最大、歷史悠久、保存完(wan)好的道教建(jian)筑與禮制(zhi)建(jian)筑群。

根(gen)據清乾隆五十年(nian)（公元1787年(nian)）編修(xiu)的(de)(de)《彰德府(fu)(fu)志(zhi)》記(ji)載：彰德府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)廟(miao)(miao)宇(yu)布局圖，當時城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)有五進院落、六所(suo)大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)、配有左右對(dui)稱(cheng)的(de)(de)廂房、前院西側(ce)有府(fu)(fu)屬七縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)一所(suo)，建(jian)(jian)筑布局規(gui)整，規(gui)模(mo)宏偉。廟(miao)(miao)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)之中供奉府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍，兩(liang)側(ce)分列(lie)八(ba)大(da)(da)(da)將、黑白(bai)判官、牛頭、馬面、黑白(bai)無常、日夜巡(xun)游、鐘鼓神(shen)以(yi)及十殿(dian)(dian)閻王十八(ba)司等地獄塑像。1933年(nian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)被毀，戲樓、牌樓、八(ba)字墻改建(jian)(jian)店(dian)鋪，辟為(wei)(wei)市場，至此，安陽最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)道教古建(jian)(jian)筑群走(zou)向(xiang)衰弱(ruo)。1982年(nian)，安陽市政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投入專款進行修(xiu)繕。現(xian)存大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)于明初(chu)，三殿(dian)(dian)、五殿(dian)(dian)、和七縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)為(wei)(wei)落架大(da)(da)(da)修(xiu)，仿其(qi)舊制(zhi)。二殿(dian)(dian)、四(si)殿(dian)(dian)、牌坊為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)。重(zhong)修(xiu)后的(de)(de)彰德府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)整體規(gui)劃(hua)布局完(wan)整，建(jian)(jian)筑造型豐富多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)。主院中軸(zhou)線依次排列(lie)為(wei)(wei)四(si)柱三樓式(shi)(shi)(shi)木牌樓。三間歇山(shan)重(zhong)檐式(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)門及兩(liang)側(ce)八(ba)字琉璃(li)照壁、池上(shang)架設三孔拱橋。三間懸山(shan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)前殿(dian)(dian)、三間懸山(shan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)拜(bai)殿(dian)(dian)、吳劍歇山(shan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)、五間懸山(shan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)寢殿(dian)(dian)、三間硬山(shan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)后殿(dian)(dian)（因拆遷問題暫時未建(jian)(jian)設）、中軸(zhou)兩(liang)側(ce)分配對(dui)稱(cheng)的(de)(de)配殿(dian)(dian)及十九間廊房，使(shi)其(qi)更(geng)加威嚴肅(su)穆、恢弘壯觀。建(jian)(jian)筑造型多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)，極具藝術型、科學性、文物價值(zhi)。

歷史沿革

和很多古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)一樣，安陽的(de)彰(zhang)德府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)有(you)著顯赫的(de)歷史。據史料記載(zai)：彰(zhang)德府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)始(shi)建(jian)于北周大象(xiang)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)580年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）至隋大業年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)618年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）。《彰(zhang)德府(fu)(fu)府(fu)(fu)志》記載(zai)：“彰(zhang)德有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)府(fu)(fu)，自設郡(jun)起由(you)來已久(jiu)，不自明(ming)始(shi)”，說的(de)是(shi)彰(zhang)德府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)有(you)悠久(jiu)的(de)歷史。據山門題記記載(zai)，明(ming)洪武(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間，彰(zhang)德府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)被敕(chi)封為“威靈公(gong)(gong)”，彰(zhang)德府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)隨之于明(ming)洪武(wu)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1369年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）進(jin)行了擴建(jian)修葺。碑刻記載(zai)：“推彰(zhang)德府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)聰(cong)明(ming)正直，圣不可罔，《彰(zhang)德府(fu)(fu)志》亦云。”歷明(ming)朝景(jing)泰(tai)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1454年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、成(cheng)華二十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1486年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、萬(wan)(wan)歷十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1587年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、萬(wan)(wan)歷二十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1600年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、清朝乾隆二十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1772年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、嘉(jia)慶十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1808年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、等(deng)朝代(dai)多次修葺。

建國(guo)后特(te)殊歷史時(shi)期，城隍(huang)廟(miao)受到了(le)毀(hui)滅性打擊，瘋狂(kuang)的人群在(zai)廟(miao)里(li)肆意的破(po)壞(huai)，府(fu)內(nei)建筑神像多數被毀(hui)。但是有(you)善信在(zai)那個年代依舊冒死(si)把悄(qiao)悄(qiao)的把城隍(huang)爺(ye)神像進行(xing)的轉移(yi)保護，才使(shi)得城隍(huang)神像避免了(le)這場浩劫，在(zai)后來的城隍(huang)廟(miao)修復(fu)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，城隍(huang)神像雕(diao)塑得以回歸。

彰(zhang)德府城隍廟是安陽市(shi)內不可多得的，同時(shi)也是保(bao)存最完好的宗(zong)教建筑(zhu)，1986年被(bei)評(ping)定為(wei)河南省重點文物(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。2013年5月被(bei)評(ping)為(wei)全國重點文物(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。

目(mu)前宮觀內成立了安陽(yang)民(min)(min)俗博物館，免(mian)費對市民(min)(min)開(kai)放。同時在宮觀的(de)西南(nan)角開(kai)設了專門的(de)上香祭(ji)拜區域，逢年(nian)過(guo)節香火非常(chang)鼎盛。