簡介
沁(qin)陽(yang)北(bei)大(da)寺(si)(si)(si)全國重點文(wen)物(wu)保護單位,明(ming)清(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)真(zhen)寺(si)(si)(si)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑。位于河南省沁(qin)陽(yang)市(shi)市(shi)區自治街中段。創建(jian)(jian)(jian)年代(dai)未詳(xiang),明(ming)萬歷八年(1580年)重修(xiu),清(qing)(qing)代(dai)增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)并重修(xiu)。沁(qin)陽(yang)清(qing)(qing)真(zhen)寺(si)(si)(si)俗稱北(bei)大(da)寺(si)(si)(si)。坐西朝東,分(fen)男(nan)寺(si)(si)(si)、女(nv)寺(si)(si)(si)。占地面積約(yue)3100平(ping)方(fang)米。女(nv)寺(si)(si)(si)為多(duo)座硬(ying)山灰瓦(wa)頂(ding)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑。男(nan)寺(si)(si)(si)規模(mo)大(da),現存大(da)門、過(guo)廳、南北(bei)講(jiang)(jiang)堂、拜殿(dian)(dian)等,大(da)門面闊(kuo)三間,進(jin)深二間,懸山券棚(peng)琉璃瓦(wa)頂(ding),檐(yan)下施斗(dou)拱(gong)。南、北(bei)講(jiang)(jiang)堂各三間,由券棚(peng)歇山頂(ding)前殿(dian)(dian)、懸山頂(ding)后殿(dian)(dian)、樓閣式窯殿(dian)(dian)連接(jie)而(er)成,琉璃瓦(wa)覆頂(ding),檐(yan)下施斗(dou)拱(gong),脊飾(shi)異常精美。寺(si)(si)(si)內存有(you)明(ming)清(qing)(qing)碑刻九通。
全國重點文物保護單(dan)位早春二月(yue),生機盎然。我從江(jiang)南(nan)慕名來到河南(nan)沁(qin)陽,瞻仰(yang)伊斯蘭教古寺古碑。沁(qin)陽,舊稱懷慶府,曾出現(xian)過司馬懿、韓愈、李商(shang)隱、郭(guo)熙、張渭、朱載育等歷史名人,還有陳氏太(tai)極拳、四大懷藥、懷梆戲、竹林七賢(xian)、愚公移山等聞名于世。回族在沁(qin)陽也有悠久的歷史。
歷史
沁(qin)陽北大(da)寺位于(yu)沁(qin)陽市老(lao)城(cheng)區西(xi)北部,創建(jian)(jian)于(yu)元至正年,明嘉靖四十(shi)年重建(jian)(jian),清代增建(jian)(jian)。現存廈、殿(dian)、廳、 堂與附(fu)屬房屋八十(shi)余(yu)間,占地3100多平米。主體建(jian)(jian)筑呈軸對(dui)稱布局(ju),三(san)(san)進(jin)三(san)(san)段,內(nei)存明清碑(bei)刻通,軸線(xian)建(jian)(jian)筑自前(qian)(qian)而后(hou)體量(liang)與高度逐漸增加(jia),分別以(yi)(yi)孔雀藍、綠、黃三(san)(san)彩(cai)(cai)琉(liu)(liu)璃瓦件飾(shi)頂(ding)。廈殿(dian)設門(men)二道,前(qian)(qian)置(zhi)柵(zha)欄門(men),中設棋盤門(men)。過廳為(wei)單檐(yan)懸(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding),兩(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)半(ban)穿斗梁(liang)架間飾(shi)以(yi)(yi)壁畫(hua)(hua)。過廳之后(hou)為(wei)禮拜(bai)殿(dian),由客(ke)廳、前(qian)(qian)后(hou)兩(liang)重拜(bai)殿(dian)及窯殿(dian)組成(cheng),其建(jian)(jian)筑間均(jun)有(you)泄水牽(qian)搭,構成(cheng)一(yi)體,縱深(shen)達(da)36米。客(ke)廳為(wei)卷(juan)棚歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)。拜(bai)殿(dian)由兩(liang)座(zuo)建(jian)(jian)筑組成(cheng)。前(qian)(qian)殿(dian)為(wei)單檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding),后(hou)點為(wei)單檐(yan)懸(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding),五彩(cai)(cai)重昂斗拱,拱眼壁飾(shi)以(yi)(yi)壁畫(hua)(hua),殿(dian)內(nei)梁(liang)、檁、柱(zhu)、枋用材(cai)碩大(da),雕梁(liang)畫(hua)(hua)棟,瀝粉貼金(jin),富麗堂皇。窯殿(dian)(主殿(dian))面闊三(san)(san)件,進(jin)深(shen)一(yi)間,店內(nei)三(san)(san)室頂(ding)部分砌(qi)三(san)(san)個(ge)穹窿頂(ding)。殿(dian)頂(ding)為(wei)亭塔式與樓閣式相結合,飾(shi)以(yi)(yi)琉(liu)(liu)璃件十(shi)字(zi)脊,獸吻達(da)70多個(ge),檐(yan)下鑲嵌(qian)琉(liu)(liu)璃枋,拱及垂蓮柱(zhu),色彩(cai)(cai)繽紛,玲(ling)瓏多姿,巍巍壯觀(guan),為(wei)我國伊斯蘭古建(jian)(jian)筑的精華之作(zuo),具有(you)較高的歷(li)史、文化(hua)價值。