邘(yu)(yu)國是商代鄂(e)侯封(feng)地。西周時,鄂(e)侯南(nan)遷,周武王封(feng)次子邘(yu)(yu)叔于此。故(gu)《史(shi)記》徐廣注(zhu):"鄂(e)――作邘(yu)(yu)"。《水經(jing)注(zhu)》載:"其(邘(yu)(yu))水南(nan)流,經(jing)邘(yu)(yu)城西,故(gu)邘(yu)(yu)國也(ye)。城南(nan)有邘(yu)(yu)臺。京相(xiang)璠日(ri),今野(ye)王西北三十里有故(gu)邘(yu)(yu)城,臺是也(ye)。"
在邘國故城西北還有一(yi)小城,清代復(fu)修,原(yuan)設門,皆以磚(zhuan)石(shi)拱券,門額(e)有石(shi)刻(ke),東曰"迎旭",南曰"古邘城"。因近(jin)年(nian)村建城大部分被拆除。
邘國故城(cheng)位于沁(qin)陽(yang)市西(xi)北(bei)15公(gong)里西(xi)萬(wan)鎮邘邰村東南(nan)。北(bei)依太(tai)行屏障,南(nan)瞰沁(qin)河平原(yuan),地(di)勢北(bei)高南(nan)低。現從(cong)地(di)面上僅能看到(dao)其北(bei)城(cheng)墻(qiang)及東城(cheng)墻(qiang)一段,其余城(cheng)垣(yuan)均夷為(wei)平地(di)。古邘城(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)角有(you)一高臺,面積約1300余平方米,高9米,相(xiang)傳(chuan)姜子牙曾在此釣魚,故曰(yue)"釣魚臺"。從(cong)僅殘存的城(cheng)墻(qiang)看,夯土層為(wei)戰國時期,可能是戰國時期古邘國的衛星城(cheng)或為(wei)統(tong)治階級(ji)單獨居住的地(di)方。
邘(yu)(yu)國故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)820米(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬580米(mi)(mi)(mi),地表現存(cun)北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻及東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻一段,殘高2至7米(mi)(mi)(mi)不等(deng),寬17至22米(mi)(mi)(mi)。北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻外(wai)(wai)仍(reng)存(cun)有(you)寬40米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)現為耕地,地下文(wen)化(hua)層及遺跡未(wei)經擾動,保(bao)存(cun)較好。西(xi)(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei),原有(you)四城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men),南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)額為“古邘(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,大(da)致(zhi)呈抹(mo)角方形,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕。邘(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)100余(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)龍(long)門(men)(men)河(he)西(xi)(xi)岸有(you)一條南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)2.5公里的(de)(de)防洪堤(di)防,筑于西(xi)(xi)周,是為防控龍(long)門(men)(men)河(he)洪水對邘(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)危害而修筑的(de)(de)人工堤(di)防。古籍《列(lie)時(shi)邘(yu)(yu)國圖》也繪制有(you)其城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)布局。此(ci)外(wai)(wai),邘(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周圍(wei)還發現有(you)大(da)量商、春秋、戰(zhan)國、及漢(han)代時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)墓葬群,與(yu)邘(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)存(cun)在著密切的(de)(de)聯系。
加強(qiang)對邘國故城(cheng)的保護,為(wei)研究古代(dai)城(cheng)址及邘姓起源提供(gong)了重要的實物資料。
2013年5月,被國務院核定公布為第七(qi)批全國重點文物(wu)保護(hu)單位。