景點介紹
南頓故城(cheng)位(wei)于河(he)南省項(xiang)城(cheng)市(shi)南頓鎮司老街村(cun)東北隅(yu)。該遺址所在地的交通非常方便:西(xi)(xi)距大廣高(gao)速公路2公里,西(xi)(xi)臨(lin)漯阜鐵(tie)路500米,北距漯寧高(gao)速公路6公里,東臨(lin)項(xiang)城(cheng)市(shi)市(shi)郊,周圍系平原(yuan)地帶。
該遺(yi)址(zhi)是一處大(da)型的(de)歷史文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)址(zhi)群,含(han)有夏(xia)、商時代遺(yi)址(zhi)、南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)故城城址(zhi)、南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)故城蛤蟆寨(zhai)古墓群、南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)故城田(tian)園古墓群、光武臺(tai)遺(yi)址(zhi)及(ji)光武廟建筑等歷史重要遺(yi)跡和文(wen)物。遺(yi)址(zhi)時代跨度大(da),從夏(xia)、商時期(qi)延續至(zhi)東漢末(mo)(mo)年(nian)(nian)。夏(xia)、商時期(qi),人類在這里(li)聚集居住(zhu)。公(gong)元前(qian)1005 年(nian)(nian)周成王東征(zheng),為震攝這里(li)商民(min)舊(jiu)族(zu),封其(qi)姬姓子孫在其(qi)西北相鄰的(de)商水縣(xian)(xian)境內建頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)子國(guo)(guo)。春秋時期(qi),頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)子國(guo)(guo)南遷到此地建新都(dou)稱(cheng)南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)。公(gong)元前(qian)496年(nian)(nian)楚(chu)滅頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun),頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)民(min)淪(lun)為楚(chu)奴,頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)都(dou)遺(yi)于后(hou)世。秦并天下置(zhi)(zhi)南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)邑,歸屬陳郡,西漢高祖置(zhi)(zhi)南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)縣(xian)(xian)延至(zhi)東漢末(mo)(mo)年(nian)(nian),此400余(yu)年(nian)(nian)舊(jiu)城復筑。東漢光武帝劉(liu)秀之(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)劉(liu)欽任(ren)南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)縣(xian)(xian)令,劉(liu)秀少年(nian)(nian)隨父(fu)生活于南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)。“復興漢室”后(hou),于建武十九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)大(da)駕南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun),南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)民(min)眾筑臺(tai)舉城歡(huan)慶(qing)。劉(liu)秀念父(fu)老舊(jiu)情(qing),免南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)二年(nian)(nian)田(tian)租,頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)民(min)世代感恩,于光武臺(tai)上(shang)建廟祭之(zhi)(zhi)。兩千余(yu)年(nian)(nian)毀而(er)復修,香火(huo)不衰。
南頓故(gu)城遺址1986年被河南省(sheng)人民政府公布為省(sheng)級文物保護單位。
歷史發展
夏商時期,人類在這里(li)聚集(ji)居(ju)住,公(gong)元前1005年(nian)(nian)周成王東(dong)(dong)征,為震(zhen)懾這里(li)的商民舊族,封其姬姓子孫在此建(jian)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)子國(guo)。公(gong)元前496年(nian)(nian)楚亡頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun),頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)民淪(lun)為楚奴(nu),頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)都遺于(yu)后世(shi)。秦并天下置南(nan)(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)郡(jun),西(xi)漢高祖始置南(nan)(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)縣(xian)延至(zhi)東(dong)(dong)漢末(mo)年(nian)(nian),此400余年(nian)(nian)舊城(cheng)(cheng)復(fu)筑,所以南(nan)(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)故城(cheng)(cheng)文化蘊藏豐富。東(dong)(dong)漢光武劉(liu)秀(xiu),其父劉(liu)欽任南(nan)(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)縣(xian)令,劉(liu)秀(xiu)少年(nian)(nian)隨父于(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun),“復(fu)光漢室”后于(yu)建(jian)武十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)移(yi)駕南(nan)(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun),南(nan)(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)民眾筑臺舉(ju)城(cheng)(cheng)歡慶。劉(liu)秀(xiu)念父老舊情,免南(nan)(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)二年(nian)(nian)田租,頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)民世(shi)代(dai)感恩,光武臺上建(jian)廟祭之,兩(liang)千余年(nian)(nian)毀而復(fu)修,香(xiang)火不衰。南(nan)(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)自封都建(jian)國(guo)至(zhi)漢末(mo)延續(xu)千余年(nian)(nian),遺留墓群(qun)出(chu)土大量文物。南(nan)(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)故城(cheng)(cheng)跨越一千余年(nian)(nian)作為國(guo)都、郡(jun)守、縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng),所形成的大型文物群(qun),具有典型性和文物性。
南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)遺址時(shi)代跨度大(da),從夏商時(shi)代延續至(zhi)東(dong)漢末年(nian),至(zhi)今相承二千多年(nian),遺址分布比較集中,夏商遺址居于故(gu)城(cheng)遺址下1.5米(mi),東(dong)西兩公里,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)兩公里。南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)墻大(da)部被農民(min)削高(gao)平(ping)凹用掉(diao),現(xian)存北(bei)城(cheng)墻一部分,長(chang)216米(mi),寬30米(mi),高(gao)5米(mi)。光武臺遺址位于南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)北(bei)城(cheng)墻外,東(dong)西長(chang)270米(mi),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬245米(mi),現(xian)存光武廟大(da)殿和人祖殿。“南(nan)(nan)海大(da)寺”、“天爺閣”、“光武臺”、“欽馬池(chi)”、“搬倒(dao)井(jing)”、“古(gu)銀杏”尚有遺址可現(xian)。
公元(yuan)前1005年(nian),周建王建頓(dun)(dun)(dun)子國;公元(yuan)前637年(nian),五霸爭雄(xiong),頓(dun)(dun)(dun)子國將國都南(nan)(nan)徙,遷至潁水南(nan)(nan)岸(今南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)),故(gu)史(shi)(shi)稱(cheng)南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)。南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng),俗稱(cheng)“鬼(gui)修城(cheng)(cheng)”,相傳(chuan)王莽趕劉(liu)秀時,劉(liu)秀令小(xiao)鬼(gui)一夜所筑,于是,流傳(chuan)諸多膾炙人口(kou)的歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)典(dian)故(gu)。與劉(liu)秀有關的“飲馬池”、“扳倒井(jing)”、“白禾(he)樹”、“跑馬嶺(ling)”、“閱兵臺”等人文景點,至今還(huan)留有遺(yi)跡(ji)可(ke)尋。因光武(wu)帝(di)劉(liu)秀青年(nian)時代(dai)在南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)生活過(guo)(父劉(liu)欽做南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)縣(xian)(xian)令時),稱(cheng)帝(di)后,下旨免南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)縣(xian)(xian)二年(nian)田租。南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)人民感恩百代(dai),以廟祭之。自東漢至民國近兩千(qian)年(nian),光武(wu)帝(di)廟歷(li)(li)遭兵火,毀而復之,香火不(bu)衰,形成了集古國、“鬼(gui)城(cheng)(cheng)”、光武(wu)帝(di)廟及歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)典(dian)故(gu)于一體(ti)的豫東名(ming)跡(ji)勝地(di),聞名(ming)遐邇。
雖(sui)經(jing)2600多(duo)年(nian)人世滄桑,風(feng)雨剝蝕,自然(ran)風(feng)化(hua)(hua),仍然(ran)雄風(feng)猶存,墻體上層(ceng)為(wei)秦代文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),中(zhong)層(ceng)為(wei)東(dong)西周文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),下(xia)層(ceng)為(wei)商代文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),1986年(nian)被河南省人民政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)公布為(wei)省級重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位,1994年(nian)由南頓(dun)鎮人民政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投資400萬元,做旅游(you)(you)開發(fa)。現每月2月、10月兩個月廟會(hui)(hui),輻射周邊鄰縣200公里,會(hui)(hui)期人山(shan)人海(hai),已被市政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)納入三(san)點一線(xian)旅游(you)(you)線(xian)作為(wei)項(xiang)城市發(fa)展(zhan)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)旅游(you)(you)的重(zhong)點項(xiang)目工程,2004年(nian)項(xiang)城市博物(wu)館將其作為(wei)第六批全國重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位的推(tui)薦材料(liao)上報(bao)國家文(wen)(wen)物(wu)局(ju)。
地理位置
南(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)又名“鬼(gui)修(xiu)城(cheng)(cheng)”,位(wei)(wei)于河南(nan)省項城(cheng)(cheng)市西郊,隸屬(shu)項城(cheng)(cheng)市南(nan)頓(dun)鎮政府,是(shi)(shi)一處大(da)型的(de)歷(li)史文(wen)物群。含有南(nan)頓(dun)夏商時代(dai)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、南(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、南(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)現存城(cheng)(cheng)墻、南(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)古墓群、光武臺遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、光武廟等建筑歷(li)史遺跡(ji)和(he)文(wen)物。2013年5月,被國務院核(he)定公布為(wei)第七批全國重點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。該遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)于南(nan)頓(dun)鎮東(dong)風行政村(cun)內,東(dong)距市區5公里。南(nan)頓(dun)古城(cheng)(cheng)墻是(shi)(shi)商代(dai)古城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
現存狀態
南頓,古(gu)為(wei)(wei)頓子國,有城(cheng)墻2公里見方,經過2000多年滄桑(sang)變遷,原南、東(dong)、西城(cheng)墻皆為(wei)(wei)平地,僅(jin)存東(dong)北角一段土城(cheng)墻,長217米,寬12米,高7米,雖經2600多年的人世滄桑(sang),風(feng)雨剝(bo)蝕,自然風(feng)化,仍然雄風(feng)猶存。墻體上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)秦代文(wen)(wen)化,中(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)西周(zhou)文(wen)(wen)化,下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)商代文(wen)(wen)化,1986年被河南省人民政府(fu)公布為(wei)(wei)省級(ji)重點文(wen)(wen)物保護單(dan)位。東(dong)漢初年,光武(wu)帝劉秀巡(xun)幸南頓,又在古(gu)城(cheng)墻遺址北100米處,筑臺修廟,后(hou)人稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)光武(wu)廟。