景點介紹
南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)故城(cheng)(cheng)位于河南(nan)(nan)省項城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)(dun)鎮司老街(jie)村東北(bei)隅。該遺址所(suo)在地(di)的交通(tong)非常方(fang)便:西距大廣高速公(gong)路(lu)2公(gong)里(li),西臨漯(luo)阜鐵路(lu)500米,北(bei)距漯(luo)寧(ning)高速公(gong)路(lu)6公(gong)里(li),東臨項城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)郊,周圍(wei)系平原地(di)帶。
該遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)是(shi)一處大(da)型(xing)的歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)群,含有夏、商(shang)時代(dai)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)、南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蛤(ha)蟆寨古(gu)墓群、南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)田園古(gu)墓群、光武(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)及光武(wu)(wu)(wu)廟建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)等歷(li)史(shi)重要遺(yi)(yi)跡和文(wen)物(wu)。遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)時代(dai)跨度大(da),從夏、商(shang)時期延續至東(dong)(dong)漢(han)末年(nian)(nian)(nian)。夏、商(shang)時期,人類在(zai)這里聚集居住。公元(yuan)前(qian)1005 年(nian)(nian)(nian)周成王東(dong)(dong)征,為震攝這里商(shang)民(min)舊族,封其姬(ji)姓子孫在(zai)其西北相(xiang)鄰的商(shang)水縣境(jing)內建(jian)(jian)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)子國。春秋時期,頓(dun)(dun)(dun)子國南(nan)遷到(dao)此(ci)(ci)地建(jian)(jian)新都稱南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)。公元(yuan)前(qian)496年(nian)(nian)(nian)楚滅頓(dun)(dun)(dun),頓(dun)(dun)(dun)民(min)淪為楚奴,頓(dun)(dun)(dun)都遺(yi)(yi)于(yu)后世。秦(qin)并天(tian)下(xia)置(zhi)南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)邑(yi),歸屬陳(chen)郡,西漢(han)高祖置(zhi)南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)縣延至東(dong)(dong)漢(han)末年(nian)(nian)(nian),此(ci)(ci)400余(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)舊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)復(fu)筑(zhu)。東(dong)(dong)漢(han)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝劉(liu)秀(xiu)之父劉(liu)欽任南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)縣令,劉(liu)秀(xiu)少年(nian)(nian)(nian)隨父生活于(yu)南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)。“復(fu)興漢(han)室”后,于(yu)建(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)十九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)駕(jia)南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun),南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)民(min)眾筑(zhu)臺(tai)舉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歡慶。劉(liu)秀(xiu)念父老舊情,免(mian)南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)田租,頓(dun)(dun)(dun)民(min)世代(dai)感恩,于(yu)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)上(shang)建(jian)(jian)廟祭之。兩(liang)千余(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)毀(hui)而復(fu)修,香火不衰。
南頓故城遺址1986年被河南省人民政府公布為省級文物保護單(dan)位。
歷史發展
夏商時(shi)期,人(ren)類在(zai)這里聚集居住,公元前(qian)1005年(nian)周成(cheng)王東(dong)征,為(wei)震懾(she)這里的(de)商民舊(jiu)族(zu),封(feng)其(qi)姬姓(xing)子孫在(zai)此建(jian)頓(dun)(dun)(dun)子國。公元前(qian)496年(nian)楚(chu)(chu)亡頓(dun)(dun)(dun),頓(dun)(dun)(dun)民淪為(wei)楚(chu)(chu)奴,頓(dun)(dun)(dun)都遺(yi)于(yu)(yu)后世(shi)。秦(qin)并天下置(zhi)南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)郡(jun),西漢(han)高祖(zu)始(shi)置(zhi)南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)縣(xian)延(yan)至(zhi)東(dong)漢(han)末(mo)年(nian),此400余年(nian)舊(jiu)城(cheng)復筑,所以南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)故城(cheng)文(wen)化(hua)蘊藏豐富(fu)。東(dong)漢(han)光武(wu)劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu),其(qi)父(fu)劉(liu)(liu)欽任南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)縣(xian)令,劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)少(shao)年(nian)隨(sui)父(fu)于(yu)(yu)南頓(dun)(dun)(dun),“復光漢(han)室”后于(yu)(yu)建(jian)武(wu)十九年(nian)移駕南頓(dun)(dun)(dun),南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)民眾(zhong)筑臺(tai)舉城(cheng)歡慶(qing)。劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)念父(fu)老舊(jiu)情,免南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)二年(nian)田租,頓(dun)(dun)(dun)民世(shi)代感(gan)恩,光武(wu)臺(tai)上建(jian)廟祭(ji)之,兩(liang)千(qian)余年(nian)毀而復修(xiu),香(xiang)火不衰。南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)自封(feng)都建(jian)國至(zhi)漢(han)末(mo)延(yan)續千(qian)余年(nian),遺(yi)留(liu)墓(mu)群出土(tu)大量文(wen)物(wu)。南頓(dun)(dun)(dun)故城(cheng)跨(kua)越一千(qian)余年(nian)作為(wei)國都、郡(jun)守、縣(xian)城(cheng),所形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)大型文(wen)物(wu)群,具有典型性和文(wen)物(wu)性。
南(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)時(shi)代(dai)跨度大(da),從夏商時(shi)代(dai)延續至(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)漢末(mo)年,至(zhi)(zhi)今相承二千多(duo)年,遺址(zhi)分(fen)布比較集中,夏商遺址(zhi)居于故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)下1.5米(mi)(mi),東(dong)西兩公里(li),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)兩公里(li)。南(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)大(da)部(bu)被(bei)農民削高平凹用掉,現(xian)(xian)存(cun)北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)一部(bu)分(fen),長216米(mi)(mi),寬30米(mi)(mi),高5米(mi)(mi)。光(guang)武(wu)臺(tai)遺址(zhi)位于南(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外,東(dong)西長270米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬245米(mi)(mi),現(xian)(xian)存(cun)光(guang)武(wu)廟大(da)殿(dian)和(he)人祖殿(dian)。“南(nan)海大(da)寺”、“天爺閣”、“光(guang)武(wu)臺(tai)”、“欽馬(ma)池”、“搬倒井”、“古銀杏”尚有(you)遺址(zhi)可(ke)現(xian)(xian)。
公(gong)元前1005年(nian),周建王建頓(dun)(dun)子國(guo);公(gong)元前637年(nian),五(wu)霸(ba)爭雄,頓(dun)(dun)子國(guo)將國(guo)都南(nan)徙,遷至(zhi)潁(ying)水南(nan)岸(an)(今南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)),故(gu)史(shi)(shi)稱南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)。南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)故(gu)城,俗稱“鬼(gui)修城”,相傳(chuan)(chuan)王莽趕劉秀(xiu)(xiu)時,劉秀(xiu)(xiu)令(ling)(ling)小鬼(gui)一夜(ye)所筑,于是(shi),流傳(chuan)(chuan)諸(zhu)多膾(kuai)炙人(ren)口的歷史(shi)(shi)典故(gu)。與劉秀(xiu)(xiu)有(you)關的“飲馬池”、“扳倒井”、“白禾樹”、“跑馬嶺”、“閱(yue)兵臺”等(deng)人(ren)文景(jing)點,至(zhi)今還留有(you)遺跡可尋。因(yin)光武帝劉秀(xiu)(xiu)青年(nian)時代在南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)生(sheng)活過(guo)(父劉欽做南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)縣(xian)令(ling)(ling)時),稱帝后,下(xia)旨免南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)縣(xian)二年(nian)田租。南(nan)頓(dun)(dun)人(ren)民感(gan)恩百代,以廟(miao)祭之。自(zi)東漢(han)至(zhi)民國(guo)近(jin)兩千年(nian),光武帝廟(miao)歷遭兵火(huo),毀而(er)復之,香火(huo)不衰,形成(cheng)了集古國(guo)、“鬼(gui)城”、光武帝廟(miao)及(ji)歷史(shi)(shi)典故(gu)于一體的豫東名跡勝地,聞名遐邇。
雖經(jing)2600多年(nian)人世滄桑,風(feng)雨剝蝕,自然(ran)風(feng)化(hua)(hua),仍然(ran)雄風(feng)猶存,墻(qiang)體上層為(wei)秦代(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),中層為(wei)東西周文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),下(xia)層為(wei)商代(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),1986年(nian)被(bei)河(he)南省人民(min)政府公布(bu)為(wei)省級重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位,1994年(nian)由南頓鎮(zhen)人民(min)政府投資400萬元,做(zuo)旅游(you)開發(fa)。現每(mei)月2月、10月兩個月廟會(hui),輻(fu)射周邊鄰縣(xian)200公里,會(hui)期人山人海,已被(bei)市(shi)政府納入三點一線(xian)旅游(you)線(xian)作為(wei)項(xiang)城市(shi)發(fa)展文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)旅游(you)的(de)重(zhong)點項(xiang)目工程(cheng),2004年(nian)項(xiang)城市(shi)博物(wu)(wu)館將其作為(wei)第六批全(quan)國重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位的(de)推薦材料(liao)上報(bao)國家(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局。
地理位置
南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又名“鬼修城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,位(wei)于河(he)南(nan)(nan)省項城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)西郊,隸屬項城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)鎮(zhen)政(zheng)府,是一處大型的歷史文物(wu)群。含有(you)南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)夏(xia)商時代遺(yi)址、南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址、南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現存城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)、南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古墓群、光(guang)武臺遺(yi)址、光(guang)武廟等建筑歷史遺(yi)跡和文物(wu)。2013年(nian)5月,被國務院核(he)定(ding)公布為第七批全國重點(dian)文物(wu)保護單(dan)位(wei)。該遺(yi)址位(wei)于南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)鎮(zhen)東(dong)風行政(zheng)村內,東(dong)距市(shi)區5公里。南(nan)(nan)頓(dun)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)是商代古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址。
現存狀態
南(nan)頓,古(gu)(gu)為頓子國,有城墻(qiang)2公里見方,經過2000多(duo)(duo)年滄(cang)(cang)桑變遷,原南(nan)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西城墻(qiang)皆為平(ping)地(di),僅存東(dong)(dong)(dong)北角一段土城墻(qiang),長217米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)12米(mi)(mi),高7米(mi)(mi),雖(sui)經2600多(duo)(duo)年的人世(shi)滄(cang)(cang)桑,風(feng)雨(yu)剝蝕,自然風(feng)化(hua),仍然雄(xiong)風(feng)猶存。墻(qiang)體(ti)上層(ceng)為秦代(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua),中層(ceng)為東(dong)(dong)(dong)西周(zhou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua),下層(ceng)為商代(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua),1986年被(bei)河南(nan)省人民政府(fu)公布為省級重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位。東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢初年,光武帝劉秀巡幸南(nan)頓,又在古(gu)(gu)城墻(qiang)遺址北100米(mi)(mi)處,筑(zhu)臺修廟,后人稱(cheng)為光武廟。