中國洪(hong)(hong)江(jiang)(原黔陽(yang)縣),具(ju)有 7400 年人文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)歷(li)史(shi)。境內擁有安江(jiang)高(gao)廟(miao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、托口(kou)古(gu)商城(cheng)、戶外基地(di)雪峰山等旅游名(ming)勝,以及(ji)一座有2200年歷(li)史(shi)且(qie)保存(cun)完好的(de)龍標古(gu)城(cheng)-黔城(cheng),中原文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、苗(miao)蠻文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、荊楚(chu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、百越文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)等各種文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)在這里(li)交融(rong),“一片(pian)冰(bing)心(xin)在玉壺”的(de)經典(dian)詩(shi)句(ju)就是王昌齡寫(xie)就于該市(shi)芙蓉(rong)樓前。洪(hong)(hong)江(jiang)市(shi)也即將被批準(zhun)成為國家級歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)名(ming)城(cheng)(洪(hong)(hong)江(jiang)市(shi)古(gu)城(cheng))!
2007年11月11日(ri)華天(tian)集團牽(qian)手洪江,洪江市(shi)迎(ying)來了旅游開發的春天(tian),即(ji)將推出水戀洪江、大隱之(zhi)都系
列旅游(you)主(zhu)題。洪江市正振臂展(zhan)翅(chi),讓我(wo)們來共同(tong)見證另一個鳳凰騰飛于湘西大(da)地吧!
洪江市古城,原(yuan)名黔陽古城,龍標(biao)古城。
洪江市治所地黔城(cheng)鎮,自(zi)漢以來,各朝均在此設(she)立縣治,漢立鐔(tan)城(cheng),唐天(tian)寶(bao)初更(geng)為黔江、龍(long)標。
宋熙(xi)寧七年復置黔江。宋元豐三年始置黔陽。自漢立城距今已有2000多年的(de)(de)歷史。自1997年洪(hong)黔合并成立新的(de)(de)洪(hong)江市以(yi)來(lai),洪(hong)江市政府大力開(kai)發保洪(hong)江古城!境內(nei)擁有安(an)江高廟文化(hua)、托口(kou)古商城、戶外基地雪峰山等數百處旅游名(ming)勝!
王昌齡的《芙蓉樓(lou)送辛漸》(二首)而使芙蓉樓(lou)天下(xia)聞名,芙蓉樓(lou)因此(ci)而成為名勝古跡。
唐代大詩人王昌齡由(you)江寧丞謫貶(bian)為龍標尉是唐天寶七年(公元748年),龍標為唐代縣名,今湖(hu)南黔(qian)陽,治所(suo)在今湖(hu)南省(sheng)黔(qian)陽縣黔(qian)城鎮(zhen)。
主(zhu)要指至今保(bao)存下(xia)來的明(ming)清建筑(zhu)群(qun)(qun)(qun),包括"楚南上(shang)游第一勝(sheng)跡"--芙蓉樓;明(ming)清古(gu)(gu)(gu)街(jie)--南正街(jie);古(gu)(gu)(gu)龍標山(shan)鐘樓--鐘鼓(gu)樓;城西(xi)紅砂石拱(gong)門--中正門;高(gao)橋古(gu)(gu)(gu)塔--赤寶塔等。這些古(gu)(gu)(gu)建筑(zhu)群(qun)(qun)(qun),歷時(shi)數(shu)載,得以保(bao)存下(xia)來,或雄偉(wei)壯(zhuang)麗、氣(qi)勢不凡,或飛檐(yan)卷(juan)垛,朱欄(lan)白墻;或精致淡(dan)雅,清秀(xiu)宜人,或雕梁(liang)畫(hua)棟,古(gu)(gu)(gu)色(se)古(gu)(gu)(gu)香,堪稱中國湘西(xi)保(bao)存完(wan)好、完(wan)整的古(gu)(gu)(gu)建筑(zhu)群(qun)(qun)(qun)之一。
黔城古碑(bei)刻眾(zhong)多,歷(li)代遺留下來的古碑(bei)刻數以千(qian)計,惜廢棄不少。今芙(fu)蓉樓內建有碑(bei)廊廳,刊有顏真卿、黃庭(ting)堅、米芾、岳飛、趙孟北頁、陳梅仙等歷(li)代碑(bei)刻一百多塊,具(ju)有較深(shen)厚的文(wen)化底蘊(yun),蔚為壯觀(guan)。
黔城古廟(miao)宇眾多,尤為(wei)明清為(wei)盛。清同治(zhi)十三(san)年(nian)(公元1874年(nian))縣(xian)治(zhi)建有(you)的(de)著名廟(miao)宇有(you)曾(ceng)明寺、先龍壇(tan)、玉皇閣、城隍(huang)廟(miao)、東(dong)岳廟(miao)、將軍廟(miao)、馬王廟(miao)、龍王廟(miao)、文廟(miao)、山川壇(tan)等數十座(zuo),今尚存的(de)有(you)萬(wan)壽(shou)宮、先龍壇(tan)、文廟(miao)等。
唐天寶七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(公元(yuan)748年(nian))唐代(dai)大詩(shi)人(ren)王(wang)昌(chang)齡由江(jiang)寧丞謫貶(bian)為(wei)(wei)龍標尉(今(jin)洪江(jiang)市黔(qian)城鎮(zhen)),王(wang)昌(chang)齡在這里為(wei)(wei)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)"以(yi)(yi)政以(yi)(yi)寬"、"愛民如(ru)子",被龍標百姓稱為(wei)(wei)"仙尉",至今(jin),當地(di)流(liu)傳(chuan)下來關于他的(de)(de)大量傳(chuan)說故事(shi)。同(tong)時,他在黔(qian)城留下一批珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)詩(shi)篇(pian)和詩(shi)論(lun)。芙(fu)(fu)蓉樓碑坊刻留有他當年(nian)的(de)(de)酬唱詩(shi)。后人(ren)為(wei)(wei)紀(ji)念他,建有芙(fu)(fu)蓉樓,芙(fu)(fu)蓉樓成為(wei)(wei)國(guo)內較(jiao)完整的(de)(de)紀(ji)念王(wang)昌(chang)齡勝(sheng)地(di)。一代(dai)名宦高力(li)士也流(liu)放(fang)巫州,州治即之黔(qian)城。
黔城(cheng)春(chun)秋(qiu)戰(zhan)國古(gu)墓(mu)群、西(xi)漢(han)古(gu)墓(mu)群分布在黔城(cheng)鎮玉皇閣(ge)村南頭(tou)坡(po)、牛頭(tou)灣山坡(po)、汽車站北面的丘(qiu)陵(ling)地(di)帶,墓(mu)葬(zang)密集,封土(tu)堆無存。1983年、1988年、1991年、1998年、2000年先后在這些地(di)方挖(wa)掘(jue)古(gu)墓(mu)400多(duo)座出土(tu)各類陶(tao)器及銅劍(jian)、侗矛、銅鏡(jing)、銅鈴、琉璃珠(zhu)、滑(hua)石壁等(deng)數(shu)百件,陶(tao)器組合有罐、豆、鼎、敦(dun)、壺等(deng)1000多(duo)件,為研究(jiu)春(chun)秋(qiu)、戰(zhan)國時(shi)期(qi)(qi)和西(xi)漢(han)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)沅水流域的淵(yuan)源文(wen)化及五溪(xi)文(wen)化提(ti)供(gong)了十分珍貴的資料。
寶(bao)山書(shu)院和龍標(biao)(biao)書(shu)院構成了書(shu)院文化的(de)主流。舊縣志載:北(bei)宋(song)元(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1709年(nian)(nian)(nian))初建(jian)學官于(yu)縣治。南(nan)宋(song)淳(chun)熙(1770年(nian)(nian)(nian))遷學宮(gong)于(yu)城(cheng)東普明寺。寧(ning)宗(zong)嘉(jia)泰(1201年(nian)(nian)(nian))又遷學宮(gong)于(yu)城(cheng)西。南(nan)宋(song)寶(bao)慶(qing)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)乙酉(1225年(nian)(nian)(nian))縣令饒敏學建(jian)寶(bao)山收字于(yu)赤(chi)寶(bao)山麓(lu),后遷于(yu)城(cheng)東,明成化縣令陳鋼復修(xiu)。清康(kang)熙五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),縣令張扶翼建(jian)于(yu)城(cheng)北(bei)。四(si)十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)庚寅(1613年(nian)(nian)(nian))遷學宮(gong)于(yu)城(cheng)西。乾隆十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)丁卯(1724年(nian)(nian)(nian))范德灝建(jian)排樓額曰:"龍標(biao)(biao)書(shu)院"(今洪(hong)江市第三(san)(san)中學),四(si)十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)制一(yi)新(xin),同治八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1869年(nian)(nian)(nian))復修(xiu)。學院一(yi)時(shi)名流師(shi)生和韻成帙。寶(bao)山書(shu)院石碑一(yi)塊現立(li)(li)在(zai)黔(qian)城(cheng)小學內。龍標(biao)(biao)書(shu)院石碑一(yi)塊原立(li)(li)在(zai)三(san)(san)中教師(shi)宿(su)舍門(men)口(kou)(已殘缺)。
古鐔城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址所在地,即今(jin)黔城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)。漢高祖(zu)五年(nian)(nian)(前202年(nian)(nian))設立鐔成(cheng)縣。明(ming)朝(chao)以前為土(tu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)。明(ming)正統十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(1449年(nian)(nian))毀于(yu)苗。次年(nian)(nian)靖遠(yuan)伯王(wang)驥軍重筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)270丈,高1丈7尺(chi)。成(cheng)化八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(14終獎2年(nian)(nian))遇(yu)大(da)水,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)南傾(qing)塌。隆慶五年(nian)(nian)(1561年(nian)(nian))頹(tui)于(yu)水,僅存西、北(bei)兩偶,再復修(xiu)。民國35年(nian)(nian)(1949年(nian)(nian)),遭土(tu)匪洗劫,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中受極大(da)破壞,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址破敗不堪。文(wen)化大(da)革命(ming)前后,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)及五門(men)樓被毀,現僅存西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)洞及部分(fen)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣。
在黔(qian)(qian)(qian)、湘邊(bian)陲(chui)(chui)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)矛盾(dun)激化時,黔(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)是(shi)少數(shu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)反(fan)壓迫的(de)(de)首(shou)(shou)義地(di):唐(tang)建(jian)中二(er)年(nian)(781),湖(hu)南(nan)觀察使(shi)竇群(qun)建(jian)敘州城(cheng),逼使(shi)辰、敘苗(miao)、瑤族(zu)首(shou)(shou)領(ling)張伯靖(jing)聚眾反(fan)抗;后(hou)梁開(kai)平三年(nian)(909),瑤族(zu)首(shou)(shou)領(ling)潘全盛據黔(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)反(fan)梁;后(hou)周(zhou)顯(xian)德元年(nian)(954),敘州瑤族(zu)首(shou)(shou)領(ling)彥(yan)通稱王(wang)(wang)于溪(xi)峒間,也以黔(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)為(wei)據點。黔(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)是(shi)湘、黔(qian)(qian)(qian)邊(bian)陲(chui)(chui)的(de)(de)軍事:元至(zhi)正(zheng)六年(nian)(1346),靖(jing)州零溪(xi)吳天(tian)保率部隊起(qi)義,明正(zheng)統十四年(nian)(1449)貴州苗(miao)民(min)(min)(min)起(qi)義,順(shun)治(zhi)五年(nian)(1646)"臨濟會"人(ren)(ren)陳友(you)龍抗清(qing),均先攻占(zhan)黔(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)。咸豐十一年(nian)(1861),太(tai)平天(tian)國(guo)翼王(wang)(wang)石達(da)開(kai)率師入川,在黔(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)擊敗(bai)清(qing)兵。同治(zhi)二(er)年(nian)(1863),翼王(wang)(wang)部李(li)復猷回(hui)師,仍以黔(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)南(nan)上托口,取道會同返(fan)廣西。黔(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)古稱五溪(xi)蠻地(di),唐(tang)時,黔(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)為(wei)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)居住(zhu)地(di),唐(tang)代大詩人(ren)(ren)王(wang)(wang)昌齡(ling)任龍標尉時,積極推(tui)行民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)團結政策,他所作的(de)(de)《箜篌引》詩就表達(da)了他的(de)(de)這一愿望。至(zhi)今仍有“苗(miao)女聽歌"、"苗(miao)女乞詩"之傳說,王(wang)(wang)昌齡(ling)也為(wei)少數(shu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)所敬仰。