中(zhong)國洪(hong)(hong)(hong)江(jiang)(原(yuan)黔陽縣),具有 7400 年人文(wen)歷(li)史(shi)。境內擁有安(an)江(jiang)高(gao)廟(miao)文(wen)化(hua)、托口古商城(cheng)(cheng)、戶外基地雪峰山等旅游名勝,以及(ji)一座有2200年歷(li)史(shi)且保存完好的龍標古城(cheng)(cheng)-黔城(cheng)(cheng),中(zhong)原(yuan)文(wen)化(hua)、苗蠻文(wen)化(hua)、荊楚文(wen)化(hua)、百越文(wen)化(hua)等各(ge)種(zhong)文(wen)化(hua)在(zai)這里交融,“一片冰心(xin)在(zai)玉壺(hu)”的經典詩(shi)句就(jiu)是王(wang)昌(chang)齡寫就(jiu)于該市(shi)芙(fu)蓉樓(lou)前(qian)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)江(jiang)市(shi)也即將被批準成為國家級歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)名城(cheng)(cheng)(洪(hong)(hong)(hong)江(jiang)市(shi)古城(cheng)(cheng))!
2007年11月11日華(hua)天集團(tuan)牽手洪江(jiang)(jiang),洪江(jiang)(jiang)市迎來了(le)旅游(you)開發(fa)的春天,即將推出(chu)水(shui)戀洪江(jiang)(jiang)、大隱之(zhi)都系
列旅游主題。洪江市正(zheng)振臂展(zhan)翅,讓我(wo)們(men)來(lai)共同見(jian)證另一個(ge)鳳凰騰(teng)飛(fei)于(yu)湘(xiang)西大地吧(ba)!
洪江市古城(cheng),原名黔陽古城(cheng),龍標古城(cheng)。
洪江市(shi)治所地黔(qian)城鎮,自漢以來,各朝(chao)均(jun)在此(ci)設(she)立(li)縣治,漢立(li)鐔城,唐天寶初更(geng)為黔(qian)江、龍標。
宋(song)熙寧七年(nian)復置黔(qian)(qian)江(jiang)(jiang)。宋(song)元豐(feng)三年(nian)始置黔(qian)(qian)陽。自漢立城(cheng)距今已有2000多年(nian)的歷(li)史。自1997年(nian)洪黔(qian)(qian)合(he)并成立新(xin)的洪江(jiang)(jiang)市以來,洪江(jiang)(jiang)市政府(fu)大(da)力開(kai)發保(bao)洪江(jiang)(jiang)古城(cheng)!境內擁有安江(jiang)(jiang)高(gao)廟文化、托口古商城(cheng)、戶外基地雪峰山等數(shu)百(bai)處旅(lv)游名勝!
王(wang)昌齡的《芙(fu)(fu)蓉樓(lou)(lou)送辛漸(jian)》(二首)而使芙(fu)(fu)蓉樓(lou)(lou)天(tian)下聞名(ming),芙(fu)(fu)蓉樓(lou)(lou)因此而成為名(ming)勝古(gu)跡。
唐代大(da)詩人(ren)王(wang)昌齡由江寧丞謫貶(bian)為龍標(biao)尉(wei)是(shi)唐天寶七年(公元748年),龍標(biao)為唐代縣名,今湖(hu)南(nan)黔(qian)陽(yang),治所(suo)在今湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)黔(qian)陽(yang)縣黔(qian)城鎮(zhen)。
主要指(zhi)至今保(bao)存下來(lai)的明清建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun),包括"楚南上游(you)第(di)一(yi)勝跡"--芙(fu)蓉(rong)樓;明清古(gu)(gu)街(jie)--南正街(jie);古(gu)(gu)龍標(biao)山鐘樓--鐘鼓樓;城西紅(hong)砂石拱門--中正門;高橋古(gu)(gu)塔--赤寶(bao)塔等。這些古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun),歷時數載,得以(yi)保(bao)存下來(lai),或(huo)雄偉壯麗、氣勢不凡,或(huo)飛檐卷垛,朱欄白墻;或(huo)精致(zhi)淡雅,清秀宜人,或(huo)雕(diao)梁畫(hua)棟(dong),古(gu)(gu)色古(gu)(gu)香,堪(kan)稱中國湘西保(bao)存完好(hao)、完整的古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)之一(yi)。
黔城古碑(bei)刻(ke)(ke)眾多,歷代遺留下(xia)來的古碑(bei)刻(ke)(ke)數以(yi)千計,惜(xi)廢(fei)棄不少。今芙蓉樓內建(jian)有(you)(you)碑(bei)廊廳,刊有(you)(you)顏真卿(qing)、黃庭堅(jian)、米(mi)芾、岳飛、趙孟北頁、陳(chen)梅仙等歷代碑(bei)刻(ke)(ke)一百多塊,具(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)深(shen)厚的文化(hua)底蘊(yun),蔚為壯觀(guan)。
黔(qian)城古(gu)廟(miao)(miao)宇(yu)眾多,尤為明(ming)清為盛(sheng)。清同治十(shi)三(san)年(公元1874年)縣治建(jian)有的著名廟(miao)(miao)宇(yu)有曾明(ming)寺(si)、先龍壇(tan)、玉皇閣、城隍廟(miao)(miao)、東岳廟(miao)(miao)、將軍廟(miao)(miao)、馬王廟(miao)(miao)、龍王廟(miao)(miao)、文廟(miao)(miao)、山川壇(tan)等(deng)(deng)數十(shi)座,今尚存的有萬壽宮、先龍壇(tan)、文廟(miao)(miao)等(deng)(deng)。
唐(tang)天寶(bao)七年(公元748年)唐(tang)代大(da)詩(shi)(shi)人王(wang)昌(chang)(chang)齡(ling)由江(jiang)寧(ning)丞謫貶(bian)為(wei)(wei)龍(long)標尉(今洪(hong)江(jiang)市黔(qian)城鎮),王(wang)昌(chang)(chang)齡(ling)在(zai)這里為(wei)(wei)七年"以(yi)政以(yi)寬"、"愛民(min)如子(zi)",被龍(long)標百姓稱為(wei)(wei)"仙尉",至今,當地流傳(chuan)下(xia)來關于(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)大(da)量傳(chuan)說故(gu)事(shi)。同時,他(ta)(ta)(ta)在(zai)黔(qian)城留下(xia)一(yi)批珍貴(gui)的(de)詩(shi)(shi)篇(pian)和詩(shi)(shi)論(lun)。芙(fu)蓉(rong)樓碑坊刻(ke)留有他(ta)(ta)(ta)當年的(de)酬唱詩(shi)(shi)。后人為(wei)(wei)紀念(nian)他(ta)(ta)(ta),建有芙(fu)蓉(rong)樓,芙(fu)蓉(rong)樓成為(wei)(wei)國內較(jiao)完整的(de)紀念(nian)王(wang)昌(chang)(chang)齡(ling)勝地。一(yi)代名(ming)宦(huan)高(gao)力士也流放巫(wu)州,州治即之黔(qian)城。
黔(qian)城春(chun)秋(qiu)戰國古(gu)墓(mu)群、西漢古(gu)墓(mu)群分(fen)布在(zai)黔(qian)城鎮玉(yu)皇閣村南(nan)頭坡、牛(niu)頭灣山坡、汽車站(zhan)北面(mian)的(de)丘陵地(di)帶,墓(mu)葬密(mi)集,封土(tu)堆無(wu)存。1983年(nian)、1988年(nian)、1991年(nian)、1998年(nian)、2000年(nian)先后在(zai)這些地(di)方挖掘古(gu)墓(mu)400多座出土(tu)各類陶(tao)器(qi)及銅劍、侗矛(mao)、銅鏡、銅鈴、琉(liu)璃(li)珠(zhu)、滑石(shi)壁(bi)等數百件(jian),陶(tao)器(qi)組(zu)合(he)有(you)罐(guan)、豆(dou)、鼎(ding)、敦、壺等1000多件(jian),為研究(jiu)春(chun)秋(qiu)、戰國時期和(he)西漢時期沅水流域(yu)的(de)淵源文(wen)化及五溪文(wen)化提供了十分(fen)珍(zhen)貴的(de)資(zi)料。
寶山(shan)(shan)書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和龍標書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)構成(cheng)了書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文化的主流(liu)。舊縣(xian)(xian)志載:北(bei)宋(song)元(yuan)豐三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1709年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))初建(jian)學(xue)(xue)官于(yu)(yu)(yu)縣(xian)(xian)治。南(nan)宋(song)淳熙(xi)(1770年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))遷學(xue)(xue)宮(gong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)普明寺。寧宗(zong)嘉泰(1201年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))又(you)遷學(xue)(xue)宮(gong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)西。南(nan)宋(song)寶慶元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)乙酉(you)(1225年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))縣(xian)(xian)令饒敏學(xue)(xue)建(jian)寶山(shan)(shan)收(shou)字(zi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)赤(chi)寶山(shan)(shan)麓,后遷于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong),明成(cheng)化縣(xian)(xian)令陳鋼復修。清康熙(xi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),縣(xian)(xian)令張扶(fu)翼建(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)。四十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)庚(geng)寅(yin)(1613年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))遷學(xue)(xue)宮(gong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)西。乾(qian)隆十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丁卯(mao)(1724年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))范德灝建(jian)排(pai)樓額曰(yue):"龍標書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)"(今(jin)洪(hong)江市(shi)第三中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)),四十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)制一(yi)新(xin),同治八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1869年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))復修。學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)時(shi)名流(liu)師(shi)生和韻成(cheng)帙。寶山(shan)(shan)書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)石碑一(yi)塊(kuai)現立在黔(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)內。龍標書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)石碑一(yi)塊(kuai)原(yuan)立在三中(zhong)(zhong)教(jiao)師(shi)宿舍門(men)口(已(yi)殘(can)缺)。
古鐔城遺址所在地,即今黔(qian)城鎮。漢高祖(zu)五(wu)年(nian)(前(qian)202年(nian))設立鐔成縣。明朝以前(qian)為土城墻。明正統十(shi)四年(nian)(1449年(nian))毀于苗。次年(nian)靖遠(yuan)伯王驥軍(jun)重筑城墻270丈,高1丈7尺(chi)。成化八年(nian)(14終獎2年(nian))遇大水(shui),城東南(nan)傾(qing)塌。隆慶五(wu)年(nian)(1561年(nian))頹(tui)于水(shui),僅存(cun)西(xi)、北(bei)兩偶,再復修(xiu)。民國35年(nian)(1949年(nian)),遭土匪洗(xi)劫,城中受極大破(po)壞,城址破(po)敗不堪(kan)。文化大革命前(qian)后,城墻及(ji)五(wu)門(men)樓被毀,現僅存(cun)西(xi)城門(men)洞及(ji)部(bu)分城垣。
在黔(qian)(qian)、湘(xiang)邊(bian)陲(chui)民(min)(min)族矛盾激(ji)化時,黔(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)是少(shao)數民(min)(min)族反(fan)(fan)壓迫(po)的(de)(de)首(shou)(shou)義(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)(di):唐(tang)建中二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(781),湖南觀察使竇群建敘(xu)州城(cheng)(cheng),逼(bi)使辰、敘(xu)苗(miao)、瑤(yao)(yao)族首(shou)(shou)領(ling)張伯(bo)靖(jing)聚眾反(fan)(fan)抗;后梁開平(ping)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(909),瑤(yao)(yao)族首(shou)(shou)領(ling)潘(pan)全盛據黔(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)反(fan)(fan)梁;后周顯德元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(954),敘(xu)州瑤(yao)(yao)族首(shou)(shou)領(ling)彥(yan)通稱王于溪峒(tong)間(jian),也(ye)以(yi)黔(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)據點。黔(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)是湘(xiang)、黔(qian)(qian)邊(bian)陲(chui)的(de)(de)軍事:元至(zhi)正六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1346),靖(jing)州零溪吳天保率部(bu)隊起義(yi)(yi)(yi),明正統十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1449)貴(gui)州苗(miao)民(min)(min)起義(yi)(yi)(yi),順治(zhi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1646)"臨(lin)濟會"人(ren)陳(chen)友龍(long)抗清(qing),均先攻(gong)占黔(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)。咸(xian)豐(feng)十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1861),太平(ping)天國翼王石達(da)開率師入川(chuan),在黔(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)擊敗清(qing)兵(bing)。同治(zhi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1863),翼王部(bu)李(li)復(fu)猷回師,仍以(yi)黔(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)南上托口,取道(dao)會同返廣西(xi)。黔(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)稱五溪蠻地(di)(di),唐(tang)時,黔(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)民(min)(min)族居住地(di)(di),唐(tang)代大詩人(ren)王昌齡任龍(long)標尉時,積極推行民(min)(min)族團(tuan)結政策,他所(suo)作(zuo)的(de)(de)《箜篌引》詩就表達(da)了他的(de)(de)這一愿望。至(zhi)今(jin)仍有“苗(miao)女(nv)聽歌"、"苗(miao)女(nv)乞(qi)詩"之傳說,王昌齡也(ye)為(wei)少(shao)數民(min)(min)族人(ren)民(min)(min)所(suo)敬(jing)仰。