中(zhong)國(guo)洪江(原黔陽縣),具(ju)有 7400 年(nian)人文(wen)(wen)歷(li)史。境內擁有安江高(gao)廟文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、托口古(gu)商城、戶外基(ji)地雪(xue)峰山等(deng)旅游名(ming)勝,以及一座有2200年(nian)歷(li)史且保存完好的龍標(biao)古(gu)城-黔城,中(zhong)原文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、苗蠻文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、荊楚文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、百越文(wen)(wen)化(hua)等(deng)各種文(wen)(wen)化(hua)在(zai)這里(li)交融,“一片冰心在(zai)玉(yu)壺(hu)”的經典詩句就是王(wang)昌齡(ling)寫就于該市(shi)芙蓉(rong)樓(lou)前。洪江市(shi)也即(ji)將被批準成為國(guo)家級歷(li)史文(wen)(wen)化(hua)名(ming)城(洪江市(shi)古(gu)城)!
2007年11月(yue)11日(ri)華(hua)天(tian)集團牽手洪江(jiang),洪江(jiang)市迎(ying)來(lai)了旅游開發的春天(tian),即將推(tui)出(chu)水戀洪江(jiang)、大隱之都系(xi)
列旅游主題。洪江市正振臂展翅,讓我(wo)們來共同見證(zheng)另一個鳳(feng)凰騰(teng)飛于湘西(xi)大地吧!
洪江市古(gu)城(cheng),原名黔陽(yang)古(gu)城(cheng),龍標古(gu)城(cheng)。
洪江市治(zhi)所地(di)黔(qian)(qian)城鎮,自漢以來,各(ge)朝均在此設立縣治(zhi),漢立鐔城,唐天寶初更為黔(qian)(qian)江、龍標。
宋(song)熙寧七年復置黔江(jiang)。宋(song)元(yuan)豐三年始置黔陽。自(zi)漢(han)立(li)城距今(jin)已有2000多年的(de)歷(li)史。自(zi)1997年洪(hong)(hong)黔合(he)并成立(li)新的(de)洪(hong)(hong)江(jiang)市以來,洪(hong)(hong)江(jiang)市政府大力開發(fa)保(bao)洪(hong)(hong)江(jiang)古城!境內擁有安江(jiang)高廟文化、托口(kou)古商城、戶外基地雪(xue)峰(feng)山等數百處旅游名勝(sheng)!
王昌齡的《芙蓉樓送辛漸》(二首)而使(shi)芙蓉樓天下聞名,芙蓉樓因此而成(cheng)為(wei)名勝古跡。
唐代(dai)大詩人(ren)王(wang)昌齡由江寧丞(cheng)謫貶為龍(long)標尉是唐天寶七年(公(gong)元748年),龍(long)標為唐代(dai)縣(xian)名,今(jin)湖南(nan)黔(qian)陽(yang),治所在今(jin)湖南(nan)省(sheng)黔(qian)陽(yang)縣(xian)黔(qian)城鎮。
主要指(zhi)至今保存下來的明(ming)清建筑群,包括"楚南上游第一(yi)勝跡"--芙蓉樓(lou);明(ming)清古(gu)街(jie)--南正街(jie);古(gu)龍標山鐘樓(lou)--鐘鼓樓(lou);城西(xi)紅砂石拱(gong)門(men)--中(zhong)正門(men);高橋古(gu)塔(ta)(ta)--赤寶塔(ta)(ta)等。這些(xie)古(gu)建筑群,歷時數載,得(de)以保存下來,或(huo)雄(xiong)偉壯麗、氣(qi)勢不凡,或(huo)飛檐卷垛,朱欄(lan)白墻;或(huo)精致淡雅,清秀宜人,或(huo)雕(diao)梁畫棟,古(gu)色古(gu)香,堪稱中(zhong)國(guo)湘西(xi)保存完(wan)好、完(wan)整的古(gu)建筑群之一(yi)。
黔城古碑刻(ke)眾多,歷代遺留下(xia)來的古碑刻(ke)數以千計,惜廢棄(qi)不少。今芙蓉(rong)樓內建有(you)碑廊廳,刊有(you)顏真卿(qing)、黃庭堅、米芾、岳飛、趙孟北頁(ye)、陳梅(mei)仙等歷代碑刻(ke)一百(bai)多塊(kuai),具有(you)較深厚的文(wen)化底蘊,蔚為壯觀。
黔城古廟(miao)宇眾多,尤為(wei)明(ming)清(qing)為(wei)盛(sheng)。清(qing)同(tong)治(zhi)十(shi)三年(nian)(公元1874年(nian))縣治(zhi)建有(you)的著名(ming)廟(miao)宇有(you)曾明(ming)寺、先龍(long)壇(tan)、玉(yu)皇閣、城隍廟(miao)、東岳(yue)廟(miao)、將(jiang)軍廟(miao)、馬王廟(miao)、龍(long)王廟(miao)、文(wen)廟(miao)、山川(chuan)壇(tan)等數十(shi)座,今尚(shang)存的有(you)萬壽宮、先龍(long)壇(tan)、文(wen)廟(miao)等。
唐天寶七(qi)年(nian)(公元748年(nian))唐代(dai)大詩(shi)(shi)人王(wang)昌齡(ling)由江寧丞謫貶為(wei)龍標(biao)尉(wei)(wei)(今(jin)洪江市黔城鎮),王(wang)昌齡(ling)在這里為(wei)七(qi)年(nian)"以(yi)政以(yi)寬"、"愛民如子(zi)",被龍標(biao)百姓稱為(wei)"仙(xian)尉(wei)(wei)",至(zhi)今(jin),當(dang)(dang)地(di)流傳下(xia)來關(guan)于(yu)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)大量(liang)傳說故事。同時,他(ta)在黔城留(liu)(liu)下(xia)一批珍貴的(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)(shi)篇和詩(shi)(shi)論。芙蓉樓(lou)碑坊刻留(liu)(liu)有他(ta)當(dang)(dang)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)酬唱詩(shi)(shi)。后(hou)人為(wei)紀念他(ta),建(jian)有芙蓉樓(lou),芙蓉樓(lou)成為(wei)國內較(jiao)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)紀念王(wang)昌齡(ling)勝地(di)。一代(dai)名(ming)宦(huan)高力士也流放(fang)巫州,州治即之黔城。
黔城春秋戰國(guo)古墓群、西(xi)漢古墓群分(fen)布在(zai)黔城鎮玉皇(huang)閣村南(nan)頭(tou)坡、牛頭(tou)灣山(shan)坡、汽車站(zhan)北面的丘陵地帶(dai),墓葬密(mi)集,封土(tu)堆(dui)無存。1983年(nian)、1988年(nian)、1991年(nian)、1998年(nian)、2000年(nian)先(xian)后在(zai)這些地方挖掘古墓400多座(zuo)出土(tu)各類陶器及銅劍、侗矛、銅鏡、銅鈴、琉璃(li)珠、滑石壁等數百件(jian),陶器組合(he)有罐、豆、鼎、敦、壺等1000多件(jian),為研究春秋、戰國(guo)時(shi)期和西(xi)漢時(shi)期沅水流(liu)域的淵源文化及五溪文化提(ti)供了(le)十(shi)分(fen)珍(zhen)貴的資(zi)料(liao)。
寶(bao)山(shan)書(shu)院和(he)龍標(biao)(biao)書(shu)院構成了(le)書(shu)院文化(hua)的主流。舊縣(xian)(xian)志載:北(bei)宋(song)元豐(feng)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1709年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))初建(jian)學(xue)官于(yu)(yu)(yu)縣(xian)(xian)治。南宋(song)淳熙(1770年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))遷(qian)(qian)學(xue)宮于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)東普(pu)明(ming)寺。寧宗(zong)嘉泰(1201年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))又(you)遷(qian)(qian)學(xue)宮于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)西。南宋(song)寶(bao)慶(qing)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)乙酉(1225年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))縣(xian)(xian)令(ling)饒敏學(xue)建(jian)寶(bao)山(shan)收字(zi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)赤寶(bao)山(shan)麓,后遷(qian)(qian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)東,明(ming)成化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)令(ling)陳鋼復修(xiu)。清康熙五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),縣(xian)(xian)令(ling)張扶翼建(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)。四十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)庚(geng)寅(1613年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))遷(qian)(qian)學(xue)宮于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)西。乾隆十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丁卯(1724年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))范德灝建(jian)排(pai)樓額(e)曰:"龍標(biao)(biao)書(shu)院"(今洪江市第三(san)中學(xue)),四十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)制(zhi)一(yi)新,同治八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1869年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))復修(xiu)。學(xue)院一(yi)時(shi)名流師(shi)生和(he)韻成帙(zhi)。寶(bao)山(shan)書(shu)院石碑一(yi)塊現立(li)在(zai)黔城(cheng)(cheng)小學(xue)內。龍標(biao)(biao)書(shu)院石碑一(yi)塊原立(li)在(zai)三(san)中教師(shi)宿舍(she)門(men)口(已殘(can)缺)。
古鐔(tan)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)所(suo)在地(di),即(ji)今黔城(cheng)(cheng)鎮。漢高(gao)祖五年(nian)(nian)(前202年(nian)(nian))設立鐔(tan)成(cheng)縣。明朝以前為土城(cheng)(cheng)墻。明正統十四年(nian)(nian)(1449年(nian)(nian))毀(hui)于苗。次(ci)年(nian)(nian)靖遠伯王驥軍重筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)墻270丈(zhang),高(gao)1丈(zhang)7尺。成(cheng)化八年(nian)(nian)(14終獎2年(nian)(nian))遇大水,城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)南傾塌。隆(long)慶五年(nian)(nian)(1561年(nian)(nian))頹于水,僅存西(xi)、北(bei)兩偶,再復修。民國35年(nian)(nian)(1949年(nian)(nian)),遭(zao)土匪洗(xi)劫,城(cheng)(cheng)中受極大破壞,城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)破敗不(bu)堪。文化大革命前后,城(cheng)(cheng)墻及(ji)五門樓被毀(hui),現僅存西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)門洞及(ji)部(bu)分城(cheng)(cheng)垣。
在黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、湘邊(bian)陲民族矛盾激(ji)化時(shi)(shi)(shi),黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)是少(shao)數(shu)(shu)民族反壓(ya)迫的首(shou)義(yi)(yi)地(di):唐建(jian)中二年(nian)(nian)(781),湖南觀察使竇群建(jian)敘(xu)(xu)州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng),逼使辰(chen)、敘(xu)(xu)苗、瑤族首(shou)領(ling)張伯靖聚眾反抗;后(hou)梁開(kai)平三年(nian)(nian)(909),瑤族首(shou)領(ling)潘全(quan)盛據(ju)黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)反梁;后(hou)周顯(xian)德元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(954),敘(xu)(xu)州(zhou)瑤族首(shou)領(ling)彥通稱王于溪峒間,也以黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)據(ju)點。黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)是湘、黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)邊(bian)陲的軍事:元(yuan)至(zhi)正(zheng)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(1346),靖州(zhou)零溪吳天(tian)保(bao)率部隊起義(yi)(yi),明正(zheng)統(tong)十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(1449)貴(gui)州(zhou)苗民起義(yi)(yi),順治五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1646)"臨(lin)濟會"人陳(chen)友(you)龍(long)抗清(qing),均(jun)先攻占黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)。咸豐十一年(nian)(nian)(1861),太平天(tian)國翼王石達開(kai)率師入(ru)川,在黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)擊敗清(qing)兵。同(tong)治二年(nian)(nian)(1863),翼王部李復猷回師,仍以黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)南上托口,取道會同(tong)返(fan)廣西。黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)古稱五(wu)溪蠻地(di),唐時(shi)(shi)(shi),黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)民族居住地(di),唐代大詩(shi)人王昌(chang)齡任龍(long)標(biao)尉時(shi)(shi)(shi),積極(ji)推(tui)行(xing)民族團結(jie)政(zheng)策(ce),他所作的《箜篌引》詩(shi)就表(biao)達了(le)他的這一愿望。至(zhi)今仍有(you)“苗女(nv)聽歌"、"苗女(nv)乞詩(shi)"之傳說,王昌(chang)齡也為(wei)少(shao)數(shu)(shu)民族人民所敬仰(yang)。