芒果视频下载

自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

（1）土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情運城(cheng)古稱“河(he)東”，擁有1.4萬平方公(gong)里國土(tu)(tu)面(mian)積，地(di)處晉陜(shan)豫(yu)黃(huang)河(he)金(jin)三(san)角(jiao)地(di)區，與河(he)南省(sheng)三(san)門峽市、陜(shan)西省(sheng)渭南市隔(ge)河(he)相望，是(shi)(shi)中華民(min)族的重要發(fa)祥地(di)之一。運城(cheng)地(di)理氣候獨特(te)，地(di)處北緯35°，屬黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)高(gao)原區，土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou)，光(guang)照充足(zu)，雨量適中，無(wu)霜期長，海拔高(gao)，溫差大，是(shi)(shi)世界上公(gong)認的最(zui)佳蘋果生產帶；

（2）水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況運(yun)城蘋果(guo)的種植區域水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源比較(jiao)豐富(fu)，地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)為淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)，配套深井，可以(yi)將黃河水(shui)(shui)(shui)引(yin)來用于灌溉(gai)，符(fu)合國家農用水(shui)(shui)(shui)標準(zhun)。

（3）氣候(hou)情況(kuang)運城蘋(pin)果種(zhong)植區域的(de)氣候(hou)屬(shu)暖溫帶大(da)陸性半濕潤氣候(hou)，年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫13.8℃。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照為2366.2小時(shi)，≥10℃的(de)有(you)效積溫在3900～4600℃之(zhi)間(jian)，全(quan)年(nian)無霜(shuang)期平(ping)均(jun)(jun)在188～238天之(zhi)間(jian)，年(nian)均(jun)(jun)降雨量535～625毫米之(zhi)間(jian)，完全(quan)符合優質蘋(pin)果的(de)獨特生(sheng)長氣候(hou)條件。

地域范圍

運城(cheng)蘋果農產(chan)品地理標志地域保護(hu)范圍(wei)為(wei)鹽湖區三(san)路里(li)(li)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、金井鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、馮村(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、王(wang)(wang)范鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、上郭鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、上王(wang)(wang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；萬(wan)榮縣(xian)(xian)解店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、通化鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、漢薛(xue)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、榮河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、萬(wan)泉鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；里(li)(li)望(wang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、西(xi)村(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、南張(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、高村(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、皇甫鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、賈(jia)村(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、王(wang)(wang)顯鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、裴莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、光華鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；臨猗縣(xian)(xian)卓里(li)(li)工貿(mao)區、閆(yan)家(jia)莊工貿(mao)區、猗氏鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、嵋陽(yang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、臨晉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、七級鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東張(zhang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、孫吉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、三(san)管鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、耽子鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、牛(niu)杜(du)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、楚侯鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、廟上鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、角(jiao)杯鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、北(bei)辛鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、北(bei)景鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；永濟市開張(zhang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、栲栳鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、蒲(pu)州鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、張(zhang)營鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)；河津市小(xiao)梁鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、柴(chai)家(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、趙家(jia)莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；聞(wen)喜縣(xian)(xian)桐城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、郭家(jia)莊鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、凹底鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、薛(xue)店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、李元鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、河底鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陽(yang)隅鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、裴社鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；稷山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)化峪鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、翟店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、清河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、太陽(yang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、柴(chai)村(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；新絳縣(xian)(xian)北(bei)張(zhang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、澤掌鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)；絳縣(xian)(xian)古絳鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、橫(heng)水鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陳(chen)村(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、衛莊鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、么(me)里(li)(li)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、南凡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、安峪鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大交(jiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)；垣(yuan)曲縣(xian)(xian)古城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、英言(yan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、華峰鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；夏縣(xian)(xian)瑤(yao)峰鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水頭(tou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、裴介鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、尉郭鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、禹王(wang)(wang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、胡張(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、南大里(li)(li)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；平陸縣(xian)(xian)圣(sheng)人澗鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、常樂(le)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、張(zhang)店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、張(zhang)村(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、洪池鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、杜(du)馬(ma)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、部官鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；芮城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)古魏(wei)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、風(feng)陵(ling)渡(du)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陌(mo)南鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西(xi)陌(mo)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、、永樂(le)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大王(wang)(wang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陽(yang)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東壚鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、南衛鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、學張(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)涉(she)及十三(san)個縣(xian)(xian)市區共九十四個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，地標為(wei)東經110°15′～112°04′，北(bei)緯34°35′～35°50′之間。東西(xi)長約(yue)201.87公里(li)(li)，南北(bei)寬約(yue)127.47公里(li)(li)，生(sheng)產(chan)面積13.7萬(wan)公頃，年(nian)產(chan)量400萬(wan)噸(dun)。

產品品質特性特征

（1)外在(zai)感官特征：85mm蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)為大(da)(da)型果(guo)(guo)，平均單果(guo)(guo)重220-350克，最(zui)大(da)(da)單果(guo)(guo)重500克。果(guo)(guo)實多為圓形，果(guo)(guo)形指(zhi)數0.8左右，果(guo)(guo)型端正(zheng)高樁、果(guo)(guo)色鮮艷、果(guo)(guo)肉白色、口感香脆甜爽、汁液多、酸甜可口、芳香味濃(nong)，無澀(se)感，果(guo)(guo)面光潔細膩、耐儲存。果(guo)(guo)實大(da)(da)小一(yi)等品率(lv)80%以上(shang)，果(guo)(guo)實表面顏色一(yi)等品率(lv)90%以上(shang)。

（2）內(nei)在品質(zhi)：運(yun)城蘋果(guo)含(han)(han)有豐富(fu)的營養成分(fen)，蛋白(bai)質(zhi)達(da)(da)(da)0.41%-0.61%，碳(tan)水(shui)化合(he)物含(han)(han)量(liang)達(da)(da)(da)12.7-14.9g/100g，水(shui)分(fen)含(han)(han)量(liang)達(da)(da)(da)80.4-88.5g/100g，灰分(fen)含(han)(han)量(liang)達(da)(da)(da)0.18-0.27g/100g，維生(sheng)素E0.065-0.090mg/100g,維生(sheng)素B10.008-0.015mg/100g,可溶性固形物含(han)(han)量(liang)達(da)(da)(da)12.4-17.1%以上(shang),含(han)(han)鈣3.00-3.34mg/100g；含(han)(han)磷達(da)(da)(da)12-16mg/100g，含(han)(han)鉀達(da)(da)(da)82.6-91.1mg/100g，含(han)(han)鎂達(da)(da)(da)1.40-1.60mg/100g，含(han)(han)銅0.012-1.020mg/100g。

（3）安(an)全要求(qiu)(qiu):符合(he)有關國家要求(qiu)(qiu)。

特定生產方式

（1）產地選擇與特殊(shu)內容(rong)規(gui)定選擇地勢較平坦(tan)、灌(guan)溉方(fang)便、土(tu)層深(shen)厚(hou)、土(tu)質(zhi)疏松、富含(han)有機質(zhi)壤(rang)土(tu)或沙壤(rang)土(tu)。

（2）品種(zhong)選(xuan)擇與特定要求(qiu)(qiu)品種(zhong)為(wei)紅富(fu)士(shi)、嘎啦等(deng)品種(zhong)，要求(qiu)(qiu)果(guo)(guo)面光滑、蠟(la)質多、果(guo)(guo)粉少、干(gan)凈無(wu)果(guo)(guo)銹。肉質細(xi)密，硬度大(da)，果(guo)(guo)汁(zhi)多，味香，含糖(tang)高，酸甜適度，耐儲運的品種(zhong)。苗木要求(qiu)(qiu)脫(tuo)毒無(wu)傷無(wu)凍害的良種(zhong)苗木中，一般(ban)嫁接(jie)以(yi)上(shang)10㎝處粗度達到1cm,高度達到100cm以(yi)上(shang)，有少量分枝(zhi)，毛細(xi)根數量多≥20㎝的根系(xi)3-5條(tiao)。。

（3）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程管理(li)a.間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)伐(fa)。對樹(shu)(shu)(shu)齡在(zai)(zai)(zai)15年(nian)以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)老果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)隔(ge)(ge)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)隔(ge)(ge)株(zhu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)株(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)(fa)，對于行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距小(xiao)(xiao)于4米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)喬(qiao)化大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)，可進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)隔(ge)(ge)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)伐(fa)；對株(zhu)距小(xiao)(xiao)于3米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)，實(shi)施隔(ge)(ge)株(zhu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)伐(fa)。間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)伐(fa)后(hou)(hou)，畝留株(zhu)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)(zai)30株(zhu)左右(you)，并對間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)伐(fa)改造傷口進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)保護。b.改形(xing)(xing)(xing)。抓好(hao)(hao)(hao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體結構，配置好(hao)(hao)(hao)骨干枝和(he)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝組(zu)，使大、小(xiao)(xiao)枝組(zu)搭配合理(li)、分(fen)布(bu)均勻、勢力平衡的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。改形(xing)(xing)(xing)因(yin)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)齡而定(ding)，10年(nian)以(yi)(yi)下采(cai)用(yong)(yong)細長紡(fang)(fang)綞(duo)(duo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)；11-15年(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)自(zi)由紡(fang)(fang)綞(duo)(duo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)改良紡(fang)(fang)綞(duo)(duo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)；16-20年(nian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)新(xin)改良紡(fang)(fang)綞(duo)(duo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)小(xiao)(xiao)冠開(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)；20年(nian)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)開(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)；因(yin)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)不同密度(du)而定(ding)，株(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距3×4米(mi)(mi)(mi)--以(yi)(yi)自(zi)由紡(fang)(fang)綞(duo)(duo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)為主(zhu)，4×6米(mi)(mi)(mi)--以(yi)(yi)新(xin)改良紡(fang)(fang)綞(duo)(duo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)為主(zhu)，6×8米(mi)(mi)(mi)--以(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)冠開(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)為主(zhu)。d.果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)土(tu)肥水管理(li)。首先(xian)是(shi)深(shen)翻(fan)改土(tu)。深(shen)翻(fan)要在(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)下旬到9月(yue)上旬進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，要結合施有(you)機肥或(huo)秸(jie)稈(gan)還田時(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；其次(ci)是(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)或(huo)覆草(cao)(cao)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)分(fen)為果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)或(huo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)草(cao)(cao)；果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)覆草(cao)(cao)即(ji)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)農作物(wu)秸(jie)稈(gan)或(huo)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)地面覆蓋。再(zai)次(ci)是(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)施肥。增施有(you)機肥，株(zhu)施20-30公(gong)斤(jin)；最后(hou)(hou)是(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)水。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)發芽(ya)(ya)前、幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膨大期(qi)(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)土(tu)壤封(feng)凍前3個時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)分(fen)別灌水一(yi)次(ci)。灌水量以(yi)(yi)浸透(tou)根系分(fen)布(bu)層(ceng)(ceng)（40-60厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)）為準。其它時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)干旱可在(zai)(zai)(zai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)小(xiao)(xiao)水溝(gou)灌，旱地果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)穴貯(zhu)肥水法(fa)(fa)。e.花(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)精細管理(li)。首先(xian)是(shi)疏花(hua)(hua)疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。要抓好(hao)(hao)(hao)三疏，即(ji)“疏花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)、疏花(hua)(hua)朵、疏幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”。疏花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)應(ying)從冬春季(ji)修(xiu)剪開(kai)始(shi)(shi)，剪去(qu)過(guo)(guo)多的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)。疏花(hua)(hua)朵應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)序分(fen)離期(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)于開(kai)花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)10天(tian)(tian)(tian)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)，1個月(yue)內完成；其次(ci)是(shi)人工(gong)授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)。待開(kai)花(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)毛筆(bi)或(huo)鉛筆(bi)的(de)(de)(de)橡皮(pi)頭等工(gong)具進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)點(dian)授(shou)初開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)花(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)頭，每蘸一(yi)次(ci)花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)可授(shou)5-10朵花(hua)(hua)，亦可在(zai)(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)釋(shi)放(fang)授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)昆蟲(chong)(chong)--壁蜂，每畝80-100頭，可取(qu)代人工(gong)授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)。f.果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)套(tao)(tao)袋。蘋果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)早中(zhong)熟品(pin)種(zhong)（如(ru)嘎啦(la)、紅星(xing)、涼(liang)香等）套(tao)(tao)雙層(ceng)(ceng)內黑紙(zhi)袋，晚熟品(pin)種(zhong)套(tao)(tao)雙層(ceng)(ceng)紙(zhi)袋或(huo)“膜+紙(zhi)”雙套(tao)(tao)袋。蘋果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套(tao)(tao)袋一(yi)般最好(hao)(hao)(hao)選用(yong)(yong)雙層(ceng)(ceng)紙(zhi)袋。膜袋套(tao)(tao)袋時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為謝花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)20天(tian)(tian)(tian)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)，10天(tian)(tian)(tian)套(tao)(tao)完。紙(zhi)袋在(zai)(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)30天(tian)(tian)(tian)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)，10天(tian)(tian)(tian)內套(tao)(tao)完。g.無公(gong)害(hai)病蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。堅持貫徹“預防(fang)為主(zhu)，綜合防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)針，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)、物(wu)理(li)和(he)化學(xue)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)，按照病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)規律，全面使用(yong)(yong)無殘留、無毒害(hai)，對環境(jing)安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)礦物(wu)源(yuan)、植物(wu)源(yuan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)源(yuan)等農藥，有(you)效控(kong)制病蟲(chong)(chong)危害(hai)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)配置頻振式殺蟲(chong)(chong)燈，懸掛(gua)性誘劑、糖醋液、粘(zhan)蟲(chong)(chong)板、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)捆綁、誘蟲(chong)(chong)帶（集蟲(chong)(chong)板）組(zu)建病蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)專業隊，統一(yi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)連片集中(zhong)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。有(you)水澆(jiao)(jiao)條件的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)可以(yi)(yi)采(cai)取(qu)地面種(zhong)草(cao)(cao)，一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)草(cao)(cao)，株(zhu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)清耕(geng)，種(zhong)植時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)選擇秋季(ji)最好(hao)(hao)(hao)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)節適時(shi)(shi)(shi)給草(cao)(cao)追肥，并要控(kong)制高(gao)度(du)，超過(guo)(guo)30厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)就刈割(ge)，覆蓋于樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤下；無澆(jiao)(jiao)水條件果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)可以(yi)(yi)采(cai)取(qu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)澇生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)旱除草(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)(fa)。將自(zi)然雜(za)草(cao)(cao)中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)高(gao)過(guo)(guo)大的(de)(de)(de)惡性雜(za)草(cao)(cao)拔除，留下針葉小(xiao)(xiao)草(cao)(cao)，高(gao)度(du)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)(zai)30厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)下；在(zai)(zai)(zai)夏季(ji)灌水后(hou)(hou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，將麥秸(jie)、麥糠、玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)秸(jie)、雜(za)草(cao)(cao)等覆蓋于樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠下，覆草(cao)(cao)厚度(du)為25厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上，上面壓(ya)少(shao)量土(tu)，以(yi)(yi)防(fang)火災。h.鋪(pu)(pu)設反(fan)光(guang)膜。鋪(pu)(pu)設反(fan)光(guang)膜宜在(zai)(zai)(zai)蘋果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)著色期(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)下先(xian)將地面硬枝、石塊等雜(za)物(wu)清除，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)下袋、摘葉等工(gong)序完成后(hou)(hou)，將反(fan)光(guang)膜沿(yan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠的(de)(de)(de)兩邊(bian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)向展(zhan)開(kai)鋪(pu)(pu)好(hao)(hao)(hao)，并用(yong)(yong)瓦片壓(ya)實(shi)，每幅兩邊(bian)每間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)各壓(ya)一(yi)塊瓦，防(fang)止刮風卷起。

（4）產(chan)品(pin)收(shou)獲及產(chan)后(hou)(hou)處理(li)規定a適時(shi)(shi)采收(shou)，采摘時(shi)(shi)輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放，避免碰壓刺傷。采收(shou)后(hou)(hou)分(fen)級(ji)：指標參照GB/T10651。包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)：選用鈣塑(su)瓦(wa)楞箱和(he)瓦(wa)楞紙箱為包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)容器(qi)，其技(ji)術(shu)要求應符合GB/T13607的(de)規定。貯(zhu)存(cun)：采收(shou)后(hou)(hou)及時(shi)(shi)入庫(ku)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)，“運(yun)(yun)城蘋果”的(de)冷藏按GB/T8559規定執行；氣調貯(zhu)藏按ISO 8682規定執行。庫(ku)房無異味。并觀察庫(ku)內(nei)溫度(du)、濕度(du)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)證儲存(cun)安(an)全。不與(yu)有(you)(you)毒、有(you)(you)害物品(pin)混合存(cun)放。不得(de)使用有(you)(you)損“運(yun)(yun)城蘋果”質(zhi)量的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)試劑和(he)材料。b銷售和(he)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)物應標有(you)(you)“運(yun)(yun)城蘋果”地理(li)標志及地理(li)標志圖案，并標明(ming)產(chan)品(pin)名稱、數量、產(chan)地、包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)日期(qi)、生(sheng)產(chan)單位、保(bao)(bao)(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)、產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量以及執行標準等(deng)內(nei)容。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)工具清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)衛生(sheng)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)卸時(shi)(shi)輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放，待(dai)運(yun)(yun)時(shi)(shi)，應批(pi)次分(fen)明(ming)、堆碼(ma)整(zheng)齊、環(huan)境清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)、通(tong)風良好。嚴(yan)禁(jin)烈日暴曬，注意防凍、防熱，縮短待(dai)運(yun)(yun)時(shi)(shi)間。

（5）生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄要求(qiu)建(jian)立運城蘋(pin)果農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標志生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)檔案，建(jian)立果品(pin)安全質量追溯系統(tong)，詳細記(ji)錄生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)操作日期，病(bing)蟲害情況(kuang)，技術措施，建(jian)立生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程記(ji)錄檔案，記(ji)載投入品(pin)的名稱、使(shi)用(yong)時間(jian)、使(shi)用(yong)目的、使(shi)用(yong)方法、使(shi)用(yong)量、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠家等

包裝標識相關規定

明確(que)表述地(di)域(yu)范圍(wei)地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)的(de)蘋果生產(chan)(chan)經營者，在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或包(bao)裝上使用已獲登記保(bao)護的(de)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)，須向(xiang)登記證書持有(you)人提出(chu)申請。并(bing)按照相(xiang)關要求(qiu)規范生產(chan)(chan)和使用標志(zhi)，統一采用產(chan)(chan)品(pin)名(ming)稱和農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)公(gong)共標識相(xiang)結合的(de)標識標注方法。