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一.產品介紹

血桃(tao)外(wai)表(biao)是暗(an)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)毛毛糙糙的沒什(shen)么看頭(tou)。個頭(tou)也不大，頭(tou)有點尖尖的。可是一口咬(yao)開里頭(tou)的瓤是血絲般(ban)的紅(hong)(hong)，就像身體(ti)上的紅(hong)(hong)色(se)血管，一根根 ，連(lian)汁水(shui)都是血紅(hong)(hong)色(se)。那么的濃烈、沁入心脾。這種桃(tao)子(zi)叫做“血桃(tao)”。

形態特征

血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)為荔波(bo)血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)，色(se)澤鮮艷(yan)、口感爽脆、果(guo)肉呈鮮紅色(se)，品德上乘。紫(zi)血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)月15日成熟，單果(guo)重250克(ke)，最大500克(ke)，果(guo)近圓形，果(guo)面紫(zi)紅色(se)，果(guo)肉鮮紅色(se)，其汁如血(xue)，含糖(tang)14%，甜酸(suan)可(ke)(ke)口，風味精(jing)美，品德上等，較耐儲運，可(ke)(ke)自(zi)然(ran)貯存(cun)7-10天。不裂(lie)果(guo)，豐收性強。

營養價值

血桃的養分價值血桃有補益(yi)氣血，養陰生(sheng)津(jin)的作(zuo)用，可用于大(da)病之后，氣血虧虛(xu)，面黃肌瘦，心悸(ji)氣短(duan)者(zhe)；

血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)含(han)鐵量較高，是(shi)缺鐵性貧(pin)血(xue)病(bing)人的(de)(de)理想幫(bang)助(zhu)食物(wu)；血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)含(han)鉀(jia)多，含(han)鈉(na)少，合適水腫病(bing)人食用(yong)(yong)(yong)；血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)仁有活血(xue)化淤，潤腸通便作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于閉(bi)經跌(die)打損(sun)傷等幫(bang)助(zhu)治(zhi)療；血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)仁提取物(wu)有抗凝血(xue)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，并能(neng)克制咳嗽中(zhong)樞而止咳，同時能(neng)使(shi)血(xue)壓(ya)降落，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于高血(xue)壓(ya)病(bing)人的(de)(de)幫(bang)助(zhu)治(zhi)療。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1 土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao)情況(kuang) 熊(xiong)背(bei)地(di)(di)處魯(lu)山(shan)(shan)西南部，位于(yu)伏牛山(shan)(shan)東(dong)麓與平(ping)原交界地(di)(di)帶，地(di)(di)貌(mao)屬(shu)淺山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵到高(gao)山(shan)(shan)的(de)過渡地(di)(di)帶，山(shan)(shan)川縱(zong)橫，以(yi)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)為主(zhu)，海拔150-620米之間，平(ping)均(jun)海拔200米。最高(gao)主(zhu)峰(feng)是大(da)石(shi)(shi)垛，海拔620米，最低是龍(long)泉寺瀼河(he)河(he)底(di)，海拔150米，整(zheng)體地(di)(di)勢西高(gao)東(dong)低。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing)包(bao)括石(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)和粗(cu)骨(gu)土(tu)(tu)兩類(lei)，部分淺山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵地(di)(di)帶有(you)(you)黃棕(zong)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)，據縣土(tu)(tu)肥站測定土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含量0.83%、全(quan)(quan)氮0.078%、有(you)(you)效(xiao)磷25.98ppm、速效(xiao)鉀(jia)95ppm，pH值(zhi)5.6-6.8，鐵含量47.83ppm，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)通(tong)透性好，無污染(ran)源，非常適(shi)合血桃生長(chang)。 2.2 水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang) 境內水(shui)(shui)資源豐富。熊(xiong)背(bei)鄉(xiang)屬(shu)魯(lu)山(shan)(shan)縣降雨中(zhong)心之一，平(ping)均(jun)年(nian)降雨量在950mm，全(quan)(quan)鄉(xiang)有(you)(you)主(zhu)要河(he)流2條，其(qi)中(zhong)包(bao)括瀼河(he)、草店河(he)，全(quan)(quan)長(chang)29公(gong)里，另有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)珂(ke)水(shui)(shui)庫、陰司溝(gou)水(shui)(shui)庫、響潭溝(gou)水(shui)(shui)庫、里溝(gou)水(shui)(shui)庫總(zong)儲水(shui)(shui)量64萬(wan)立方(fang)米。 2.3 氣候(hou)情況(kuang) 魯(lu)山(shan)(shan)縣熊(xiong)背(bei)鄉(xiang)屬(shu)暖溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性季風氣候(hou)，晝夜溫(wen)差較(jiao)大(da)，年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)14.8℃，光(guang)照(zhao)充足(zu)，年(nian)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時數在2068小時左(zuo)右，日(ri)照(zhao)率47%，無霜(shuang)期為220天，適(shi)合于(yu)桃樹 種植。冬季不(bu)甚冷， 春季回溫(wen)快(kuai)，6、7、8月份氣溫(wen)較(jiao)高(gao)，氣溫(wen)日(ri)較(jiao)差大(da)，有(you)(you)利于(yu)干物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)積累(lei)，果品品質(zhi)(zhi)優良。

三.地域范圍

“大年溝(gou)血桃(tao)”農產(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)志登記(ji)地(di)域(yu)保護，魯山縣熊背(bei)鄉大年溝(gou)、寶(bao)山、南子營(ying)、大麥王、草(cao)店、熊背(bei)、老(lao)廟(miao)莊、宿王店、黃土嶺(ling)、月明石、桃(tao)園溝(gou)、交(jiao)口(kou)等12個行政村，地(di)理坐標(biao)為東經(jing)112°45′至112°49′，北緯33°36′至33°41′，東西寬5.8公里，南北長9.8公里，適宜血桃(tao)生產(chan)面積約3.5萬畝，產(chan)量52500噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1 外在(zai)感官特征 “大年溝(gou)血(xue)(xue)桃”果形圓(yuan)正，紅(hong)若丹(dan)霞，果肉、果核容易(yi)分離，富含深(shen)紅(hong)似血(xue)(xue)的果肉 ，食之(zhi)綿軟(ruan)香(xiang)甜，回味悠長(chang)。 4.2 內在(zai)品質(zhi)(zhi)指標 據(ju)農(nong)業部農(nong)產品質(zhi)(zhi)量檢測檢驗(yan)鑒定中心（鄭州）檢測：每100g “大年溝(gou)血(xue)(xue)桃”中可溶(rong)性固形物含量為11～13.5g；維生(sheng)素C 7.24～7.41㎎；鉀169～190㎎；鈣6.32～7.45mg。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 園(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 大(da)年溝血桃(tao)(tao)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)在(zai)保(bao)護區內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土、粗骨(gu)土和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)河(he)谷中(zhong)由山體沖積而成的(de)(de)(de)黃棕壤(rang)(rang)土，盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)能有(you)(you)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉條件、環(huan)境清(qing)潔，無(wu)(wu)污染源的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)園(yuan)。產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境符合(he)(he)(he)NY5013—2006 無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)(shi)品 林果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)類產(chan)品產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境條件的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。 3.2 苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)繁(fan)育 3.2.1 品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 大(da)年溝血桃(tao)(tao)是地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)傳(chuan)統品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)純正(zheng)(zheng)、無(wu)(wu)變異的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。 3.2.2 砧木(mu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)山上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃(tao)(tao)做砧木(mu) 。野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃(tao)(tao)根系(xi)發(fa)達，抗(kang)逆性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)，抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，親和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)力強(qiang)(qiang)，是繁(fan)育血桃(tao)(tao)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)必(bi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)砧木(mu)。 3.2.3 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 3.2.3.1播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian) 大(da)年溝血桃(tao)(tao)以(yi)秋(qiu)季播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)春(chun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)。秋(qiu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份或(huo)(huo)(huo)土地(di)(di)(di)結(jie)(jie)凍(dong)前(qian)(qian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，春(chun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)在(zai)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬土壤(rang)(rang)解凍(dong)后(hou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。 3.2.3.2 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa) 秋(qiu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)純度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)95％以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)率在(zai)90％以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，在(zai)清(qing)水中(zhong)浸泡2～3d，按(an)寬(kuan)行(xing)(xing)60㎝～80㎝，窄行(xing)(xing)20㎝～25㎝，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)距15㎝播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，溝深4㎝～5㎝左右，播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)覆(fu)土、耙(pa)平。春(chun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)要(yao)在(zai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)100-120d，先將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水浸泡2～3d，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)埋(mai)入含水率12％～15％的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)沙中(zhong)沙藏，沙藏溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2℃～7℃。播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)同秋(qiu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)。 3.2.3.3 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang) 留(liu)苗(miao)(miao)0.7萬株(zhu)(zhu)／667m2左右，播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)50㎏～60㎏／667㎡。 3.2.4 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 播(bo)(bo)(bo)后(hou)保(bao)持(chi)(chi)土壤(rang)(rang)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)松無(wu)(wu)雜(za)草(cao)，結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水追肥(fei)。施(shi)(shi)尿(niao)(niao)素6㎏～8㎏／667㎡。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)季可(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)噴藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)葉面噴施(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)(bei)(bei)尿(niao)(niao)素水溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)2～3次(ci)。  3.2.5嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)   3.2.5.1 嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)(fang)法(fa) 大(da)年溝血桃(tao)(tao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)丁(ding)字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)芽(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)或(huo)(huo)(huo)帶木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)(bu) 芽(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.2 嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian) 一(yi)(yi)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)在(zai)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，芽(ya)(ya)苗(miao)(miao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)二(er)(er)年 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)在(zai)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.3接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純正(zheng)(zheng)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)健(jian)壯，無(wu)(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豐產(chan)樹(shu)(shu)作(zuo)采(cai)穗母株(zhu)(zhu)，在(zai)母株(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新梢中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條做接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗，剪去(qu)葉片(pian)，留(liu)下(xia)(xia)葉柄，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)包好(hao)備用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3.2.6 嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 芽(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)7～10d檢查成活率，未(wei)成活的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)補接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。一(yi)(yi)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)芽(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成活后(hou)，及(ji)(ji)時(shi)剪砧除(chu)萌(meng)。芽(ya)(ya)苗(miao)(miao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)二(er)(er)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成活苗(miao)(miao)于翌春(chun)發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)在(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)方(fang)(fang)0.5㎝處剪砧，促其(qi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)萌(meng)發(fa)，砧木(mu)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)除(chu)萌(meng)。剪砧后(hou)，追施(shi)(shi)尿(niao)(niao)素15㎏～20㎏／667㎡，并(bing)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)澆水、松土保(bao)墑。8～9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)噴施(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)(bei)(bei)磷酸(suan)二(er)(er)氫(qing)鉀(jia)水溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)1～2次(ci)。并(bing)注意及(ji)(ji)時(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、螨(man)類、潛葉蛾(e)、金龜子(zi)(zi)、白(bai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。     3.3 建(jian)(jian)(jian)園(yuan)   3.3.1 園(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)(li) 在(zai)保(bao)護區內(nei)(nei)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)土層深厚，土壤(rang)(rang)pH值6.0～7.0，排灌(guan)(guan)(guan)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)坡(po)(po)地(di)(di)(di)或(huo)(huo)(huo)河(he)谷平地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)園(yuan)。丘陵坡(po)(po)地(di)(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)水平梯田整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)坑客土方(fang)(fang)法(fa)定植(zhi)。   3.3.2 定植(zhi)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 栽(zai)植(zhi)根據(ju)樹(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)修剪方(fang)(fang)式而定。一(yi)(yi)般自(zi)然(ran)(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)心型(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)植(zhi)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)距3m×4m,每(mei)畝(mu)55株(zhu)(zhu)；Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)植(zhi)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為3m×2m，每(mei)畝(mu)110株(zhu)(zhu)；主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)型(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)植(zhi)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為2m×1m，每(mei)畝(mu)330株(zhu)(zhu)。 3.4 整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)修剪 3.4.1 整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 3.4.1.1 自(zi)然(ran)(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)心形(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)50cm-60cm，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)3個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)錯落(luo)有(you)(you)致(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)向不要(yao)正(zheng)(zheng)南(nan)；主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)40o～70o；每(mei)個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)置2個(ge)(ge)～3個(ge)(ge)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。呈順向排列(lie)，側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)張(zhang)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)70o左右。 3.4.1.2 Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)40cm～50cm，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)2個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)60o～90o，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)培養結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。 3.4.1.3 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)170-200cm，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)基部(bu)(bu)60cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge)，不留(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu). 3.4.2.1 冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季修剪 對(dui)(dui)于自(zi)然(ran)(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)心形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 重(zhong)點(dian)培養骨(gu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，培養樹(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。對(dui)(dui)先端生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)勢(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)，角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不開(kai)(kai)(kai)張(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，要(yao)拉開(kai)(kai)(kai)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)直(zhi)立(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甩放(fang)不短裁(cai)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)粗壯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、直(zhi)立(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，每(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)均勻留(liu)取(qu)帶有(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge)。 3.4.2.2 夏季修剪 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)落(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)剪除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，抹除(chu)根頸和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)無(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)蘗(bo)，定果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、竟爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)摘(zhai)心、扭梢、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、控制(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)附近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)內(nei)(nei)膛萌(meng)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 　 3.5 肥(fei)水管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)　　 3.5.1 基肥(fei) 在(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)，結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)農(nong)事清(qing)園(yuan)深翻土壤(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)，每(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)家肥(fei)30㎏。　　 3.5.2 追肥(fei) 分(fen)三次(ci)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。 在(zai)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬開(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，每(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)1㎏；在(zai)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬，對(dui)(dui)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)，每(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)0.4—0.6㎏； 在(zai)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)旬每(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)鉀(jia)（硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)型(xing)）復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)0.5-0.8㎏。 3.5.3 葉面噴肥(fei) 在(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)噴施(shi)(shi)葉面肥(fei)鈣爾(er)美、磷酸(suan)二(er)(er)氫(qing)鉀(jia)每(mei)隔(ge)(ge)10d噴一(yi)(yi)次(ci)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、糖(tang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)貯(zhu)藏性(xing)(xing)能。 3.6 疏(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 血桃(tao)(tao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)個(ge)(ge)較小(xiao)，為了(le)保(bao)證果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)蕾，每(mei)節留(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)花(hua)(hua)蕾，其(qi)余的(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu)。落(luo)花(hua)(hua)后(hou)15～30d內(nei)(nei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、好(hao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、并(bing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、無(wu)(wu)葉果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、朝天(tian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)畸形(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)占(zhan)座果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)50—60%；花(hua)(hua)后(hou)50d進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)第二(er)(er)次(ci)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，一(yi)(yi)般長(chang)(chang)(chang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3～4個(ge)(ge)，中(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)2～3個(ge)(ge)，短果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)1～2個(ge)(ge) 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.7 樹(shu)(shu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)為抑制(zhi)雜(za)草(cao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)土壤(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)，要(yao)求(qiu)行(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)綠肥(fei)或(huo)(huo)(huo)白(bai)三葉草(cao)，樹(shu)(shu)盤內(nei)(nei)覆(fu)蓋作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)秸桿(gan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)薄膜。 3.8 病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.1主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)(you)縮葉病(bing)(bing)(bing)，瘡(chuang)痂(jia)(jia)病(bing)(bing)(bing)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、食(shi)(shi)心蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，介殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、紅蜘蛛等(deng)。 3.8.2 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則(ze) 堅持(chi)(chi)“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)保(bao)方(fang)(fang)針(zhen)， 綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)采(cai)取(qu)農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)能不用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)少(shao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua) 學(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)只有(you)(you)在(zai)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能大(da)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)大(da)流行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)限制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.8.3 農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 以(yi)對(dui)(dui)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)抗(kang)性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良(liang)砧建(jian)(jian)(jian)園(yuan)；強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)土肥(fei)水管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)修剪，保(bao)持(chi)(chi)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)風(feng)透光條件，合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)負載，保(bao)持(chi)(chi)健(jian)壯樹(shu)(shu)勢(shi)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)樹(shu)(shu)體抗(kang)性(xing)(xing)；冬(dong)(dong)(dong)春(chun)刮除(chu)老翹皮、腐爛病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑，徹(che)底清(qing)園(yuan)、減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源；土壤(rang)(rang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)近(jin)封凍(dong)時(shi)深翻，凍(dong)死在(zai)土中(zhong)越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)；早春(chun)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)膜覆(fu)蓋，阻隔(ge)(ge)土內(nei)(nei)越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)出土為害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)；晚秋(qiu)樹(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)綁草(cao)環(huan)，誘集病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)藏身(shen)越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)集中(zhong)燒(shao)毀，減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)基數。 3.8.4 物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根據(ju)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)特性(xing)(xing)，在(zai)桃(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)4、5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份采(cai)取(qu)糖(tang)醋液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)誘殺(sha)(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份以(yi)后(hou)采(cai)取(qu)黑光燈誘殺(sha)(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻(pin)振式殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈、樹(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)掛豌豆秧(yang)、蓋防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網等(deng)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)誘殺(sha)(sha)(sha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.5 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 通(tong)過保(bao)護瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、小(xiao)花(hua)(hua)蝽、草(cao)蛉、食(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)蠅、捕食(shi)(shi)螨(man)等(deng)天(tian)敵，控制(zhi)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、葉螨(man)、潛葉蛾(e)等(deng)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)天(tian)敵人工引移(yi)、繁(fan)殖(zhi)釋(shi)放(fang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)天(tian)敵（生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)導彈等(deng)）；果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)養雞(ji)或(huo)(huo)(huo)招引益鳥啄食(shi)(shi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)益微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)代謝(xie)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，如(ru)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)性(xing)(xing)外激素誘殺(sha)(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.6 化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根據(ju)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)特性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)為害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)特點(dian)，提(ti)倡使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)源農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、礦物(wu)(wu)源農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)（如(ru)石(shi)硫合(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)硫懸浮劑(ji)），禁止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇(ju)毒、高(gao)(gao)毒、高(gao)(gao)殘留(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)致(zhi)畸、致(zhi)癌、致(zhi)突變農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)時(shi)嚴格按(an)照《GB/T 8321 （所有(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)）農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準則(ze)》的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)。 3.8.7 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.7.1 桃(tao)(tao)瘡(chuang)痂(jia)(jia)病(bing)(bing)(bing) 從萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多菌靈可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)15d. 3.8.7.2 桃(tao)(tao)縮葉病(bing)(bing)(bing) 從萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1.5%多抗(kang)霉素可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)300倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)21d；或(huo)(huo)(huo)70%甲基托布(bu)(bu)(bu)津(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)100倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)30d。 3.8.7.3 桃(tao)(tao)蚜(ya) 從萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套袋前(qian)(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.36%苦參(can)堿(jian)水劑(ji)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)～2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)15d。10％吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)25d。 3.8.7.4 葉螨(man) 從萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.9%或(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)螨(man)克水劑(ji)5000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%阿(a)維(wei)菌素5000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)21d或(huo)(huo)(huo)14d。 3.8.7.5 蚧(jie)(jie)殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 謝(xie)花(hua)(hua)后(hou)10d～15d，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桃(tao)(tao)白(bai)蚧(jie)(jie)、朝鮮(xian)球堅蚧(jie)(jie) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)15d；或(huo)(huo)(huo)0.2°Be～0.3°Be石(shi)硫合(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，如(ru)嚴重(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，應(ying)(ying)在(zai)7d后(hou)再噴一(yi)(yi)次(ci)。在(zai)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬桑(sang)白(bai)蚧(jie)(jie)若蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵化(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)噴布(bu)(bu)(bu)撲虱靈、氯(lv)氰(qing)菊酯(zhi)等(deng)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)，兼治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝鮮(xian)球堅蚧(jie)(jie)。 3.8.7.6 食(shi)(shi)心蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 從落(luo)花(hua)(hua)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)，及(ji)(ji)時(shi)剪除(chu)被害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)梢，同時(shi)噴布(bu)(bu)(bu)氯(lv)氰(qing)菊酯(zhi)、溴氰(qing)菊酯(zhi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.9 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)采(cai)后(hou)處理(li)(li)(li) 　　根據(ju)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)成熟(shu)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)市場需(xu)求(qiu)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)確(que)定采(cai)收(shou)(shou)適期(qi)(qi)。成熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)不一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)分(fen)期(qi)(qi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)，輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放(fang)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)后(hou)立(li)即按(an)要(yao)求(qiu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)挑選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、包裝，包裝物(wu)(wu)應(ying)(ying)清(qing)潔、牢固、無(wu)(wu)污染、無(wu)(wu)異味，包裝物(wu)(wu)應(ying)(ying)符合(he)(he)(he)國家有(you)(you)關標準和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)規定，編上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標記，及(ji)(ji)時(shi)組(zu)織調運(yun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銷(xiao)售(shou)市場或(huo)(huo)(huo)貯(zhu)存地(di)(di)(di)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包裝(zhuang)主要(yao)采用箱式包裝(zhuang)，包裝(zhuang)材料(liao)必(bi)須符(fu)合國家強制(zhi)性技術規(gui)范要(yao)求。產(chan)品有(you)明(ming)確標(biao)簽，內容(rong)包括： 產(chan)品名稱、商標(biao)、產(chan)品執(zhi)行標(biao)準、生產(chan)者(zhe)及詳細地(di)址、凈(jing)含量及包裝(zhuang)日(ri)期，字跡清(qing)晰、完整、準確。