一.產品介紹
血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)外(wai)表是(shi)暗紅色(se)毛毛糙(cao)糙(cao)的沒(mei)什么看頭(tou)(tou)。個頭(tou)(tou)也不大,頭(tou)(tou)有點尖(jian)尖(jian)的。可是(shi)一口咬開里頭(tou)(tou)的瓤(rang)是(shi)血(xue)絲般的紅,就(jiu)像身體(ti)上的紅色(se)血(xue)管,一根(gen)根(gen) ,連汁水都是(shi)血(xue)紅色(se)。那么的濃(nong)烈、沁入(ru)心脾。這種(zhong)桃(tao)(tao)子叫做(zuo)“血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)”。
形態特征
血桃(tao)為(wei)荔(li)波血桃(tao),色澤鮮艷、口感爽脆、果(guo)肉呈鮮紅(hong)色,品德(de)上(shang)乘。紫(zi)(zi)血桃(tao)月(yue)15日成熟,單果(guo)重250克,最大500克,果(guo)近圓形,果(guo)面紫(zi)(zi)紅(hong)色,果(guo)肉鮮紅(hong)色,其(qi)汁(zhi)如血,含糖14%,甜酸可(ke)口,風味精美,品德(de)上(shang)等,較(jiao)耐儲運,可(ke)自然貯存7-10天。不裂果(guo),豐收性強。
營養價值
血桃(tao)的養分價值血桃(tao)有補益(yi)氣血,養陰生津的作用,可(ke)用于大病之后,氣血虧(kui)虛,面(mian)黃肌瘦,心悸氣短者;
血(xue)桃的(de)(de)含鐵量較高(gao),是(shi)缺(que)鐵性貧(pin)血(xue)病人的(de)(de)理想幫(bang)助食物;血(xue)桃含鉀多,含鈉少(shao),合適水腫病人食用(yong)(yong);血(xue)桃仁(ren)有活血(xue)化(hua)淤(yu),潤腸通(tong)便作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),可用(yong)(yong)于閉經跌打損傷等幫(bang)助治(zhi)療;血(xue)桃仁(ren)提取物有抗(kang)凝血(xue)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),并(bing)能克制咳嗽(sou)中樞而止咳,同時能使血(xue)壓降落(luo),可用(yong)(yong)于高(gao)血(xue)壓病人的(de)(de)幫(bang)助治(zhi)療。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
2.1 土(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌(mao)情況 熊背地(di)(di)處魯(lu)山(shan)(shan)西南部(bu),位于(yu)伏牛(niu)山(shan)(shan)東麓與(yu)平原交界地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai),地(di)(di)貌(mao)屬淺山(shan)(shan)丘陵到高(gao)山(shan)(shan)的(de)過渡地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai),山(shan)(shan)川縱(zong)橫(heng),以中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)為(wei)主,海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)150-620米(mi)(mi)之(zhi)間,平均海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)200米(mi)(mi)。最高(gao)主峰是大(da)(da)(da)石垛,海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)620米(mi)(mi),最低是龍泉寺瀼河(he)河(he)底,海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)150米(mi)(mi),整體地(di)(di)勢西高(gao)東低。土(tu)壤類型包(bao)括(kuo)石質(zhi)土(tu)和粗骨土(tu)兩類,部(bu)分淺山(shan)(shan)丘陵地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)有(you)(you)黃棕壤土(tu),據縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)肥站測(ce)定土(tu)壤有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)0.83%、全(quan)氮0.078%、有(you)(you)效(xiao)磷25.98ppm、速效(xiao)鉀(jia)95ppm,pH值5.6-6.8,鐵含(han)量(liang)(liang)47.83ppm,土(tu)壤通(tong)透性(xing)好(hao),無污(wu)染源(yuan),非(fei)常(chang)適(shi)合血桃生長。 2.2 水(shui)文情況 境(jing)內(nei)水(shui)資源(yuan)豐富。熊背鄉(xiang)屬魯(lu)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)降(jiang)雨中(zhong)心之(zhi)一,平均年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)在950mm,全(quan)鄉(xiang)有(you)(you)主要河(he)流(liu)2條,其(qi)中(zhong)包(bao)括(kuo)瀼河(he)、草店河(he),全(quan)長29公里,另有(you)(you)石珂水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)、陰(yin)司(si)溝(gou)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)、響潭溝(gou)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)、里溝(gou)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)總儲水(shui)量(liang)(liang)64萬(wan)立方米(mi)(mi)。 2.3 氣候(hou)情況 魯(lu)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)熊背鄉(xiang)屬暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)大(da)(da)(da)陸(lu)性(xing)季風(feng)氣候(hou),晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差較大(da)(da)(da),年(nian)(nian)平均氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)14.8℃,光照充足,年(nian)(nian)均日照時數在2068小(xiao)時左右,日照率47%,無霜期為(wei)220天(tian),適(shi)合于(yu)桃樹 種(zhong)植。冬季不(bu)甚冷, 春季回溫(wen)(wen)(wen)快,6、7、8月份氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)較高(gao),氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)日較差大(da)(da)(da),有(you)(you)利于(yu)干物質(zhi)積累,果品品質(zhi)優(you)良(liang)。
三.地域范圍
“大年溝血桃(tao)(tao)”農產品地理標(biao)志登記地域保護,魯山(shan)縣(xian)熊背(bei)鄉大年溝、寶山(shan)、南子營、大麥王(wang)、草(cao)店(dian)、熊背(bei)、老廟莊、宿王(wang)店(dian)、黃土嶺(ling)、月明石、桃(tao)(tao)園溝、交口等12個行政村,地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為東經(jing)112°45′至112°49′,北(bei)緯33°36′至33°41′,東西(xi)寬5.8公里,南北(bei)長(chang)9.8公里,適(shi)宜血桃(tao)(tao)生產面積約3.5萬畝(mu),產量52500噸(dun)。
四.產品品質特性特征
4.1 外在感(gan)官特征 “大年溝血桃(tao)”果(guo)形(xing)圓正,紅若丹霞,果(guo)肉(rou)(rou)、果(guo)核容易(yi)分離,富含(han)深紅似血的果(guo)肉(rou)(rou) ,食(shi)之綿軟(ruan)香甜(tian),回(hui)味悠長。 4.2 內在品質(zhi)指標 據(ju)農業(ye)部農產品質(zhi)量(liang)檢測檢驗鑒定中心(鄭州)檢測:每100g “大年溝血桃(tao)”中可(ke)溶性固形(xing)物含(han)量(liang)為11~13.5g;維(wei)生(sheng)素C 7.24~7.41㎎;鉀169~190㎎;鈣6.32~7.45mg。
五.特定生產方式
3.1 園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 大(da)(da)年(nian)(nian)溝(gou)血桃產地(di)(di)應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、粗骨土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)河谷(gu)中(zhong)由山體沖積而成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃棕壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu),盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)灌溉(gai)條件、環(huan)境清(qing)(qing)潔(jie),無污染(ran)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)。產地(di)(di)環(huan)境符合(he)(he)(he)NY5013—2006 無公害(hai)(hai)食品(pin) 林果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)類(lei)產品(pin)產地(di)(di)環(huan)境條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。 3.2 苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)繁育 3.2.1 品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 大(da)(da)年(nian)(nian)溝(gou)血桃是地(di)(di)方(fang)傳統品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)純正(zheng)(zheng)、無變異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)植。 3.2.2 砧(zhen)木(mu)(mu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)當(dang)地(di)(di)山上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃做砧(zhen)木(mu)(mu) 。野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃根(gen)(gen)系發(fa)達,抗逆(ni)性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang),抗病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai),親(qin)和(he)(he)(he)力(li)強(qiang),是繁育血桃苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)砧(zhen)木(mu)(mu)。 3.2.3 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong) 3.2.3.1播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian) 大(da)(da)年(nian)(nian)溝(gou)血桃以(yi)(yi)(yi)秋季(ji)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)春(chun)(chun)播(bo)(bo)。秋播(bo)(bo)一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)份(fen)或(huo)(huo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)結(jie)(jie)凍(dong)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing),春(chun)(chun)播(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)解(jie)凍(dong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。 3.2.3.2 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa) 秋播(bo)(bo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)純度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)95%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)率在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)90%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)清(qing)(qing)水(shui)中(zhong)浸泡2~3d,按寬行(xing)(xing)60㎝~80㎝,窄行(xing)(xing)20㎝~25㎝,種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)間(jian)(jian)距15㎝播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),溝(gou)深(shen)4㎝~5㎝左(zuo)右,播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、耙(pa)平。春(chun)(chun)播(bo)(bo)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)100-120d,先(xian)將種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)浸泡2~3d,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)埋入含水(shui)率12%~15%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)沙中(zhong)沙藏,沙藏溫度(du)2℃~7℃。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)同(tong)秋播(bo)(bo)。 3.2.3.3 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)量(liang) 留(liu)(liu)(liu)苗(miao)0.7萬株(zhu)/667m2左(zuo)右,播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)50㎏~60㎏/667㎡。 3.2.4 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)管(guan)理(li) 播(bo)(bo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)保(bao)持(chi)(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)松(song)無雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao),結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)灌水(shui)追肥(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素6㎏~8㎏/667㎡。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)可(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)噴(pen)藥(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)(bei)尿素水(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)2~3次。 3.2.5嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie) 3.2.5.1 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)法(fa) 大(da)(da)年(nian)(nian)溝(gou)血桃采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)丁字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)芽(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)或(huo)(huo)帶(dai)木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)部 芽(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.2 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian) 一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),芽(ya)(ya)苗(miao)和(he)(he)(he)二年(nian)(nian) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)份(fen)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.3接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗(sui)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)純正(zheng)(zheng),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)健壯(zhuang),無病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)豐產樹(shu)(shu)(shu)作(zuo)采(cai)(cai)穗(sui)母株(zhu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)母株(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新(xin)梢中(zhong)部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條做接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗(sui),剪(jian)(jian)去(qu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片,留(liu)(liu)(liu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)柄,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)布包好(hao)(hao)備用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3.2.6 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)管(guan)理(li) 芽(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)7~10d檢查成活(huo)率,未成活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)補(bu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)芽(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成活(huo)后(hou)(hou)(hou),及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)剪(jian)(jian)砧(zhen)除(chu)萌(meng)。芽(ya)(ya)苗(miao)和(he)(he)(he)二年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成活(huo)苗(miao)于翌(yi)春(chun)(chun)發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)方(fang)0.5㎝處剪(jian)(jian)砧(zhen),促其(qi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)萌(meng)發(fa),砧(zhen)木(mu)(mu)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)萌(meng)。剪(jian)(jian)砧(zhen)后(hou)(hou)(hou),追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素15㎏~20㎏/667㎡,并(bing)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)澆水(shui)、松(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)墑。8~9月(yue)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)(bei)磷(lin)酸二氫鉀(jia)水(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)1~2次。并(bing)注意及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、螨(man)(man)類(lei)、潛葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾(e)、金龜(gui)子(zi)(zi)、白(bai)粉(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)。 3.3 建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan) 3.3.1 園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚(hou),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)pH值(zhi)6.0~7.0,排灌良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坡(po)地(di)(di)或(huo)(huo)河谷(gu)平地(di)(di)建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)。丘陵(ling)坡(po)地(di)(di)應(ying)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)水(shui)平梯田整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di),采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)坑客土(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)法(fa)定(ding)植。 3.3.2 定(ding)植密(mi)度(du) 栽植根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)式而定(ding)。一(yi)(yi)般自(zi)然(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心型整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽植密(mi)度(du)為(wei)株(zhu)行(xing)(xing)距3m×4m,每(mei)(mei)畝55株(zhu);Y字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽植密(mi)度(du)為(wei)3m×2m,每(mei)(mei)畝110株(zhu);主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)型整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽植密(mi)度(du)為(wei)2m×1m,每(mei)(mei)畝330株(zhu)。 3.4 整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 3.4.1 整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 3.4.1.1 自(zi)然(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心形(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)50cm-60cm,選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)3個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)分布錯落(luo)有(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)向不(bu)要(yao)(yao)正(zheng)(zheng)南;主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)40o~70o;每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配置2個(ge)(ge)~3個(ge)(ge)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。呈(cheng)順向排列,側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)張(zhang)角度(du)70o左(zuo)右。 3.4.1.2 Y字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)40cm~50cm,選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)2個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角度(du)60o~90o,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)培(pei)養(yang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)。 3.4.1.3 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)170-200cm,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)基(ji)部60cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)分布結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge),不(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu). 3.4.2.1 冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 對于自(zi)然(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)Y字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 重點培(pei)養(yang)骨干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),培(pei)養(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。對先(xian)端生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)勢強(qiang),角度(du)不(bu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)張(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),要(yao)(yao)拉開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)角度(du),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)部分直立(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競爭(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),延(yan)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甩(shuai)放(fang)不(bu)短裁(cai)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)粗壯(zhuang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、直立(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)均(jun)勻留(liu)(liu)(liu)取(qu)帶(dai)有(you)(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge)。 3.4.2.2 夏(xia)季(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)落(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)剪(jian)(jian)除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),抹除(chu)根(gen)(gen)頸和(he)(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)無用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)蘗(bo),定(ding)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、竟(jing)爭(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、旺(wang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)摘心、扭梢、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、控制(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)延(yan)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)附近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)內膛萌(meng)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.5 肥(fei)水(shui)管(guan)理(li) 3.5.1 基(ji)肥(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)收后(hou)(hou)(hou),結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)事清(qing)(qing)園(yuan)(yuan)深(shen)翻(fan)(fan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei),每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)30㎏。 3.5.2 追肥(fei) 分三次進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2月(yue)中(zhong)旬開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)月(yue),每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)1㎏;在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬,對結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu),每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)0.4—0.6㎏; 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)鉀(jia)(硫(liu)酸鉀(jia)型)復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)0.5-0.8㎏。 3.5.3 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)肥(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)收前(qian)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)肥(fei)鈣爾(er)美、磷(lin)酸二氫鉀(jia)每(mei)(mei)隔10d噴(pen)一(yi)(yi)次,提高(gao)(gao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)硬度(du)、糖度(du)和(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貯藏性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)。 3.6 疏(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 血桃果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)個(ge)(ge)較小,為(wei)了(le)保(bao)證果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)蕾,每(mei)(mei)節留(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)花(hua)(hua)蕾,其(qi)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu)。落(luo)花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)15~30d內進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)第一(yi)(yi)次疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、好(hao)(hao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、并(bing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、無葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、朝天果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)(he)畸(ji)形(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)占座果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50—60%;花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)50d進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)第二次疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),一(yi)(yi)般長(chang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3~4個(ge)(ge),中(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)2~3個(ge)(ge),短果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)1~2個(ge)(ge) 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.7 樹(shu)(shu)(shu)間(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)為(wei)抑制(zhi)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)(he)(he)提高(gao)(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)行(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)植綠(lv)肥(fei)或(huo)(huo)白(bai)三葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)草(cao)(cao)(cao),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤內覆(fu)蓋(gai)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)秸(jie)桿(gan)或(huo)(huo)薄膜。 3.8 病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.1主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)縮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),瘡痂病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、食心蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),介殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、紅蜘蛛(zhu)等(deng)。 3.8.2 防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則(ze) 堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),綜合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植保(bao)方(fang)針, 綜合(he)(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)取(qu)農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)或(huo)(huo)少(shao)(shao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua) 學(xue)(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)只有(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)大(da)(da)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)(huo)大(da)(da)流行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)限制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.8.3 農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 以(yi)(yi)(yi)對當(dang)地(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)抗性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良種(zhong)(zhong)良砧(zhen)建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan);強(qiang)化(hua)土(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)水(shui)管(guan)理(li),合(he)(he)(he)理(li)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian),保(bao)持(chi)(chi)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通風(feng)透光(guang)條件,合(he)(he)(he)理(li)負(fu)載,保(bao)持(chi)(chi)健壯(zhuang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)勢,提高(gao)(gao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體抗性(xing)(xing)(xing);冬(dong)(dong)春(chun)(chun)刮除(chu)老翹皮、腐爛病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)斑,徹底清(qing)(qing)園(yuan)(yuan)、減少(shao)(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源;土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)近(jin)封(feng)凍(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)深(shen)翻(fan)(fan),凍(dong)死在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong);早春(chun)(chun)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)膜覆(fu)蓋(gai),阻隔土(tu)(tu)(tu)內越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)出土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)害(hai)(hai);晚秋樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)綁(bang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)環(huan),誘集病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)藏身越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)集中(zhong)燒毀,減少(shao)(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)基(ji)數。 3.8.4 物(wu)(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)桃樹(shu)(shu)(shu)4、5月(yue)份(fen)采(cai)(cai)取(qu)糖醋(cu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)誘殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),5月(yue)份(fen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)采(cai)(cai)取(qu)黑(hei)光(guang)燈(deng)誘殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻(pin)振式殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)掛豌豆秧、蓋(gai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網等(deng)方(fang)法(fa)誘殺(sha)和(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.5 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 通過保(bao)護(hu)(hu)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、小花(hua)(hua)蝽(chun)、草(cao)(cao)(cao)蛉、食蚜(ya)蠅(ying)、捕食螨(man)(man)等(deng)天敵(di),控制(zhi)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man)(man)、潛葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾(e)等(deng)自(zi)然(ran)天敵(di)人工引移(yi)、繁殖(zhi)釋放(fang)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)天敵(di)(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)導彈等(deng));果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)養(yang)雞或(huo)(huo)招引益鳥(niao)啄(zhuo)食害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)或(huo)(huo)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)益微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)代謝物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),如(ru)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)外激(ji)素誘殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.6 化(hua)學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)為(wei)害(hai)(hai)特(te)點,提倡使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)、礦物(wu)(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(如(ru)石(shi)硫(liu)合(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)硫(liu)懸浮劑(ji)(ji)(ji)),禁(jin)止(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)、高(gao)(gao)毒(du)、高(gao)(gao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)致(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)突變農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)格按照《GB/T 8321 (所有(you)(you)(you)部分)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準則(ze)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)執行(xing)(xing)。 3.8.7 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.7.1 桃瘡痂病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing) 從(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)收前(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多菌靈可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全間(jian)(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d. 3.8.7.2 桃縮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing) 從(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1.5%多抗霉素可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)300倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全間(jian)(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)21d;或(huo)(huo)70%甲基(ji)托布津可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)100倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全間(jian)(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)30d。 3.8.7.3 桃蚜(ya) 從(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套袋前(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.36%苦參(can)堿水(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)1000倍(bei)(bei)~2000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全間(jian)(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d。10%吡(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),安(an)(an)全間(jian)(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)25d。 3.8.7.4 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man)(man) 從(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)收前(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.9%或(huo)(huo)1.8%蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)螨(man)(man)克水(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)5000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)1.8%阿維菌素5000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全間(jian)(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)21d或(huo)(huo)14d。 3.8.7.5 蚧(jie)殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 謝花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)10d~15d,防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桃白(bai)蚧(jie)、朝鮮球(qiu)堅(jian)蚧(jie) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全間(jian)(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d;或(huo)(huo)0.2°Be~0.3°Be石(shi)硫(liu)合(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),如(ru)嚴(yan)重發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)7d后(hou)(hou)(hou)再噴(pen)一(yi)(yi)次。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬桑白(bai)蚧(jie)若蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵化(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),可(ke)(ke)噴(pen)布撲(pu)虱靈、氯氰菊(ju)(ju)酯等(deng)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji),兼治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝鮮球(qiu)堅(jian)蚧(jie)。 3.8.7.6 食心蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 從(cong)落(luo)花(hua)(hua)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)剪(jian)(jian)除(chu)被害(hai)(hai)梢,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)布氯氰菊(ju)(ju)酯、溴氰菊(ju)(ju)酯防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.9 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)收和(he)(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)處理(li) 根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成熟度(du)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)(he)(he)市場(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)綜合(he)(he)(he)確定(ding)采(cai)(cai)收適期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。成熟期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)分期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)(cai)收。采(cai)(cai)收時(shi)(shi)(shi),輕(qing)拿(na)輕(qing)放(fang)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)立(li)(li)即按要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)挑選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、包裝(zhuang),包裝(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)應(ying)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)、牢固、無污染(ran)、無異味,包裝(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)應(ying)符合(he)(he)(he)國家有(you)(you)(you)關標(biao)準和(he)(he)(he)規定(ding),編上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)記(ji),及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)(zu)織調運(yun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銷售市場(chang)或(huo)(huo)貯存地(di)(di)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
包裝主要(yao)采用箱式(shi)包裝,包裝材(cai)料必須符合國家強制性技術規范要(yao)求(qiu)。產(chan)品(pin)有(you)明確標簽,內容包括: 產(chan)品(pin)名稱、商標、產(chan)品(pin)執行標準、生(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)及(ji)詳(xiang)細地址、凈含量及(ji)包裝日期,字跡清晰、完整(zheng)、準確。