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一.產品介紹

血(xue)(xue)桃外表是(shi)(shi)暗紅色(se)毛(mao)毛(mao)糙(cao)糙(cao)的(de)沒什么(me)看(kan)頭(tou)。個頭(tou)也不大，頭(tou)有點(dian)尖(jian)尖(jian)的(de)。可是(shi)(shi)一口咬開(kai)里頭(tou)的(de)瓤是(shi)(shi)血(xue)(xue)絲(si)般的(de)紅，就像身體上的(de)紅色(se)血(xue)(xue)管，一根根 ，連汁(zhi)水都(dou)是(shi)(shi)血(xue)(xue)紅色(se)。那么(me)的(de)濃烈、沁入(ru)心脾。這種桃子叫(jiao)做“血(xue)(xue)桃”。

形態特征

血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)為(wei)荔波血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)，色(se)澤鮮艷、口感爽脆、果(guo)肉呈鮮紅(hong)色(se)，品德(de)(de)上乘。紫血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)月15日成熟，單果(guo)重250克，最大(da)500克，果(guo)近圓形(xing)，果(guo)面紫紅(hong)色(se)，果(guo)肉鮮紅(hong)色(se)，其汁(zhi)如血(xue)(xue)(xue)，含糖14%，甜酸(suan)可(ke)口，風味精(jing)美，品德(de)(de)上等，較(jiao)耐儲運，可(ke)自然貯存(cun)7-10天(tian)。不裂果(guo)，豐收(shou)性強。

營養價值

血桃的養分價值血桃有(you)補益氣血，養陰(yin)生津(jin)的作(zuo)用，可(ke)用于大病之后，氣血虧虛，面黃肌瘦，心悸氣短者；

血(xue)桃(tao)的(de)含(han)鐵(tie)量較高，是缺鐵(tie)性貧血(xue)病人(ren)的(de)理想(xiang)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)助(zhu)食物；血(xue)桃(tao)含(han)鉀多，含(han)鈉少，合適水(shui)腫病人(ren)食用(yong)；血(xue)桃(tao)仁(ren)有(you)活血(xue)化淤，潤腸通(tong)便(bian)作用(yong)，可用(yong)于(yu)(yu)閉(bi)經跌打損(sun)傷等(deng)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)助(zhu)治療(liao)；血(xue)桃(tao)仁(ren)提取物有(you)抗凝血(xue)作用(yong)，并能克(ke)制咳嗽中樞(shu)而止咳，同時能使(shi)血(xue)壓降落(luo)，可用(yong)于(yu)(yu)高血(xue)壓病人(ren)的(de)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)助(zhu)治療(liao)。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1 土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao)情況 熊(xiong)背(bei)地(di)(di)處魯山(shan)西南部(bu)，位于(yu)(yu)伏牛山(shan)東麓與平(ping)原交界地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)，地(di)(di)貌(mao)屬(shu)淺山(shan)丘陵到(dao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)的過(guo)渡地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)，山(shan)川(chuan)縱橫，以中山(shan)為主，海(hai)(hai)拔150-620米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間，平(ping)均(jun)海(hai)(hai)拔200米(mi)。最高(gao)(gao)(gao)主峰(feng)是大石(shi)垛，海(hai)(hai)拔620米(mi)，最低是龍泉寺瀼河河底，海(hai)(hai)拔150米(mi)，整(zheng)體地(di)(di)勢西高(gao)(gao)(gao)東低。土(tu)壤(rang)類型包括石(shi)質(zhi)土(tu)和粗骨土(tu)兩類，部(bu)分淺山(shan)丘陵地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)有(you)(you)黃棕壤(rang)土(tu)，據縣土(tu)肥站測定土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含量(liang)0.83%、全(quan)氮0.078%、有(you)(you)效磷25.98ppm、速效鉀95ppm，pH值5.6-6.8，鐵含量(liang)47.83ppm，土(tu)壤(rang)通透性(xing)(xing)好，無污染源(yuan)，非常(chang)適合(he)血桃(tao)生(sheng)長(chang)。 2.2 水(shui)(shui)文情況 境內(nei)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)豐富。熊(xiong)背(bei)鄉屬(shu)魯山(shan)縣降雨中心之(zhi)(zhi)一，平(ping)均(jun)年降雨量(liang)在(zai)950mm，全(quan)鄉有(you)(you)主要河流2條(tiao)，其中包括瀼河、草店河，全(quan)長(chang)29公(gong)里，另有(you)(you)石(shi)珂水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)、陰司溝水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)、響潭(tan)溝水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)、里溝水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)總儲(chu)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)64萬(wan)立方米(mi)。 2.3 氣(qi)候情況 魯山(shan)縣熊(xiong)背(bei)鄉屬(shu)暖溫帶(dai)(dai)大陸性(xing)(xing)季風氣(qi)候，晝(zhou)夜溫差(cha)(cha)較(jiao)大，年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫14.8℃，光照(zhao)充足，年均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時數在(zai)2068小(xiao)時左右，日(ri)照(zhao)率(lv)47%，無霜期為220天，適合(he)于(yu)(yu)桃(tao)樹 種植。冬季不甚冷(leng)， 春季回溫快，6、7、8月份氣(qi)溫較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，氣(qi)溫日(ri)較(jiao)差(cha)(cha)大，有(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)干物質(zhi)積累，果品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優良。

三.地域范圍

“大(da)(da)年(nian)溝(gou)(gou)血桃(tao)”農產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標志登(deng)記(ji)地(di)域保護，魯山縣熊背鄉大(da)(da)年(nian)溝(gou)(gou)、寶山、南子營、大(da)(da)麥王(wang)、草店(dian)、熊背、老廟莊、宿王(wang)店(dian)、黃土嶺、月(yue)明石、桃(tao)園溝(gou)(gou)、交口等12個行(xing)政村，地(di)理(li)坐標為東經112°45′至(zhi)112°49′，北緯(wei)33°36′至(zhi)33°41′，東西寬5.8公(gong)(gong)里，南北長(chang)9.8公(gong)(gong)里，適宜(yi)血桃(tao)生產(chan)面積(ji)約3.5萬(wan)畝，產(chan)量(liang)52500噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1 外(wai)在(zai)感官(guan)特征 “大年溝血(xue)桃”果(guo)形圓正，紅(hong)若丹(dan)霞，果(guo)肉、果(guo)核(he)容易分離(li)，富(fu)含(han)(han)深(shen)紅(hong)似血(xue)的(de)果(guo)肉 ，食之(zhi)綿(mian)軟香甜(tian)，回(hui)味悠長。 4.2 內在(zai)品(pin)質指標 據農(nong)業部農(nong)產品(pin)質量檢測檢驗(yan)鑒定(ding)中心（鄭州）檢測：每(mei)100g “大年溝血(xue)桃”中可溶性固形物含(han)(han)量為11～13.5g；維生素C 7.24～7.41㎎；鉀169～190㎎；鈣6.32～7.45mg。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 大(da)(da)(da)年(nian)溝(gou)(gou)血桃(tao)(tao)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)、粗骨土(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)河谷中(zhong)由山體(ti)沖(chong)積而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃棕壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)，盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)能有(you)(you)灌溉條(tiao)件、環(huan)境清(qing)潔(jie)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)污染源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)NY5013—2006 無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 林果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)類產(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。 3.2 苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)繁(fan)育 3.2.1 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 大(da)(da)(da)年(nian)溝(gou)(gou)血桃(tao)(tao)是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)傳(chuan)統(tong)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)純正(zheng)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)變(bian)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。 3.2.2 砧木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)山上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃(tao)(tao)做砧木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu) 。野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃(tao)(tao)根(gen)系發(fa)(fa)達(da)，抗逆性強(qiang)，抗病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，親和(he)(he)(he)(he)力強(qiang)，是(shi)繁(fan)育血桃(tao)(tao)苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)砧木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。 3.2.3 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 3.2.3.1播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian) 大(da)(da)(da)年(nian)溝(gou)(gou)血桃(tao)(tao)以(yi)秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)。秋播(bo)(bo)(bo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)或(huo)(huo)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)結(jie)凍前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)解凍后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 3.2.3.2 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa) 秋播(bo)(bo)(bo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子純度(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)95％以(yi)上(shang)，發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)率(lv)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)90％以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)浸泡(pao)2～3d，按寬(kuan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)60㎝～80㎝，窄(zhai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)20㎝～25㎝，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子間(jian)距(ju)15㎝播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，溝(gou)(gou)深4㎝～5㎝左(zuo)右，播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)覆(fu)(fu)土(tu)(tu)、耙(pa)平。春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)100-120d，先(xian)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)浸泡(pao)2～3d，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)埋入含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)12％～15％的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)沙中(zhong)沙藏，沙藏溫度(du)(du)(du)2℃～7℃。播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)同秋播(bo)(bo)(bo)。 3.2.3.3 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang) 留(liu)(liu)(liu)苗(miao)0.7萬(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)／667m2左(zuo)右，播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)50㎏～60㎏／667㎡。 3.2.4 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)管(guan)理(li)(li) 播(bo)(bo)(bo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)疏(shu)(shu)松無(wu)(wu)(wu)雜草(cao)(cao)，結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)追肥(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)尿素(su)6㎏～8㎏／667㎡。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)藥(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)尿素(su)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)2～3次(ci)(ci)。  3.2.5嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)   3.2.5.1 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa) 大(da)(da)(da)年(nian)溝(gou)(gou)血桃(tao)(tao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)丁字形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)(fa)或(huo)(huo)帶木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)部 芽(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)(fa)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.2 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian) 一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，芽(ya)(ya)(ya)苗(miao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)二年(nian) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.3接(jie)(jie)(jie)穗選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純正(zheng)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)健(jian)壯(zhuang)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)質(zhi)豐產(chan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)作采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)穗母株(zhu)(zhu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)母株(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新梢中(zhong)部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)做接(jie)(jie)(jie)穗，剪(jian)(jian)去葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片，留(liu)(liu)(liu)下(xia)(xia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)布(bu)包(bao)(bao)好(hao)備用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3.2.6 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)管(guan)理(li)(li) 芽(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)7～10d檢查成(cheng)活率(lv)，未成(cheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)補接(jie)(jie)(jie)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)成(cheng)活后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)剪(jian)(jian)砧除(chu)萌(meng)。芽(ya)(ya)(ya)苗(miao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)二年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)成(cheng)活苗(miao)于翌春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)前(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)上(shang)方(fang)0.5㎝處剪(jian)(jian)砧，促(cu)其(qi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)萌(meng)發(fa)(fa)，砧木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)萌(meng)。剪(jian)(jian)砧后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，追施(shi)(shi)尿素(su)15㎏～20㎏／667㎡，并及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、松土(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)墑。8～9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)磷酸(suan)二氫(qing)鉀水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)1～2次(ci)(ci)。并注意及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、螨(man)(man)(man)類、潛葉(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾(e)、金龜子、白粉病(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。     3.3 建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)   3.3.1 園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)理(li)(li) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內(nei)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)pH值(zhi)6.0～7.0，排灌良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坡地(di)(di)(di)或(huo)(huo)河谷平地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。丘陵坡地(di)(di)(di)應(ying)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平梯田整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)(da)坑客土(tu)(tu)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)。   3.3.2 定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du) 栽(zai)植(zhi)根(gen)據樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)式而定(ding)(ding)(ding)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般自然(ran)開(kai)(kai)心(xin)型整(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)植(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)3m×4m,每(mei)(mei)畝55株(zhu)(zhu)；Y字形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)整(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)植(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)3m×2m，每(mei)(mei)畝110株(zhu)(zhu)；主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)型整(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)植(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)2m×1m，每(mei)(mei)畝330株(zhu)(zhu)。 3.4 整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 3.4.1 整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 3.4.1.1 自然(ran)開(kai)(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)(gan)高50cm-60cm，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)3個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)上(shang)分(fen)布(bu)錯(cuo)落(luo)有(you)(you)致(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)向(xiang)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)正(zheng)南；主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角度(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)40o～70o；每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配置2個(ge)(ge)～3個(ge)(ge)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。呈順向(xiang)排列，側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)張角度(du)(du)(du)70o左(zuo)右。 3.4.1.2 Y字形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)(gan)高40cm～50cm，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)2個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角度(du)(du)(du)60o～90o，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)培養結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。 3.4.1.3 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)高170-200cm，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)基部60cm以(yi)上(shang)分(fen)布(bu)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge)，不(bu)(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組. 3.4.2.1 冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 對(dui)(dui)于自然(ran)開(kai)(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)Y字形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 重點培養骨干(gan)(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，培養樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。對(dui)(dui)先(xian)端生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)勢強(qiang)，角度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)開(kai)(kai)張的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，要(yao)拉(la)開(kai)(kai)角度(du)(du)(du)，疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)部分(fen)直(zhi)立枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，延長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甩放不(bu)(bu)短(duan)裁。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)粗壯(zhuang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、直(zhi)立枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、密(mi)(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)均勻(yun)留(liu)(liu)(liu)取帶有(you)(you)花芽(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge)。 3.4.2.2 夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)落(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)剪(jian)(jian)除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，抹除(chu)根(gen)頸和(he)(he)(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)上(shang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)蘗(bo)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)密(mi)(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、竟爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)摘心(xin)、扭梢、拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)延長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)附近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)(he)內(nei)膛萌(meng)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 　 3.5 肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li)　　 3.5.1 基肥(fei)(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)農(nong)事清(qing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)深翻土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)，每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)30㎏。　　 3.5.2 追肥(fei)(fei) 分(fen)三(san)次(ci)(ci)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬開(kai)(kai)花前(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)1㎏；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬，對(dui)(dui)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)，每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)0.4—0.6㎏； 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬至(zhi)下(xia)(xia)旬每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)高鉀（硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀型）復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)0.5-0.8㎏。 3.5.3 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)肥(fei)(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)至(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面肥(fei)(fei)鈣爾美、磷酸(suan)二氫(qing)鉀每(mei)(mei)隔10d噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)，提(ti)高果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)硬度(du)(du)(du)、糖(tang)(tang)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貯藏性能。 3.6 疏(shu)(shu)花疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 血桃(tao)(tao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)個(ge)(ge)較小(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，必須(xu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)花疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，開(kai)(kai)花前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)蕾(lei)，每(mei)(mei)節留(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)花蕾(lei)，其(qi)余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)去。落(luo)花后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)15～30d內(nei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)上(shang)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、好(hao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、并生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、朝(chao)天果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)畸(ji)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)占(zhan)座果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50—60%；花后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)50d進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第二次(ci)(ci)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般長(chang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3～4個(ge)(ge)，中(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)2～3個(ge)(ge)，短(duan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)1～2個(ge)(ge) 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.7 樹(shu)(shu)(shu)間(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)為(wei)(wei)抑制(zhi)(zhi)雜草(cao)(cao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)提(ti)高土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)，要(yao)求行(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)白三(san)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)草(cao)(cao)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤內(nei)覆(fu)(fu)蓋作物(wu)(wu)(wu)秸桿或(huo)(huo)薄(bo)膜。 3.8 病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.1主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)(you)縮(suo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，瘡(chuang)痂病(bing)(bing)(bing)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、食(shi)心(xin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，介殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、紅(hong)蜘蛛等(deng)(deng)。 3.8.2 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則(ze) 堅(jian)持“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)針， 綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)，盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)能不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)或(huo)(huo)少用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua) 學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)只有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能大(da)(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)(huo)大(da)(da)(da)流行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)限制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.8.3 農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 以(yi)對(dui)(dui)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)抗性強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良砧建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)土(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li)，合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)風透光條(tiao)件，合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)負載，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持健(jian)壯(zhuang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)勢，提(ti)高樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)抗性；冬(dong)(dong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)刮除(chu)老翹(qiao)皮、腐(fu)爛病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑(ban)，徹底清(qing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、減(jian)少病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源；土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)近(jin)封凍時(shi)(shi)(shi)深翻，凍死(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)；早春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)膜覆(fu)(fu)蓋，阻隔土(tu)(tu)內(nei)越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)出土(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)；晚秋樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)綁草(cao)(cao)環(huan)，誘(you)集病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)藏身越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)集中(zhong)燒毀，減(jian)少病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)基數。 3.8.4 物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)據害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)性，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)桃(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)4、5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取糖(tang)(tang)醋液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)誘(you)殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取黑光燈誘(you)殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻振式殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)掛豌(wan)豆秧、蓋防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網等(deng)(deng)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)誘(you)殺(sha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.5 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 通(tong)過保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、小(xiao)花蝽、草(cao)(cao)蛉、食(shi)蚜蠅、捕食(shi)螨(man)(man)(man)等(deng)(deng)天敵(di)(di)，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man)(man)(man)、潛葉(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾(e)等(deng)(deng)自然(ran)天敵(di)(di)人(ren)工引移、繁(fan)殖釋放害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)天敵(di)(di)（生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)導彈等(deng)(deng)）；果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)養雞或(huo)(huo)招引益鳥啄食(shi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)或(huo)(huo)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)益微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)代謝物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，如利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)性外(wai)激素(su)誘(you)殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.6 化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)據防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)性和(he)(he)(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)特(te)點，提(ti)倡使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)源農(nong)藥(yao)、礦物(wu)(wu)(wu)源農(nong)藥(yao)（如石(shi)硫(liu)合(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)硫(liu)懸浮劑(ji)(ji)），禁止使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)、高毒(du)、高殘(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)致(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)癌、致(zhi)突(tu)變(bian)農(nong)藥(yao)。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)《GB/T 8321 （所有(you)(you)部分(fen)）農(nong)藥(yao)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準則(ze)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求執行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 3.8.7 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.7.1 桃(tao)(tao)瘡(chuang)痂病(bing)(bing)(bing) 從(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)始發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)菌(jun)(jun)靈(ling)可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性粉劑(ji)(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)15d. 3.8.7.2 桃(tao)(tao)縮(suo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing) 從(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)始用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1.5%多(duo)抗霉(mei)素(su)可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性粉劑(ji)(ji)300倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)21d；或(huo)(huo)70%甲基托布(bu)津可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性粉劑(ji)(ji)100倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)30d。 3.8.7.3 桃(tao)(tao)蚜 從(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)始發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套袋前(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.36%苦參(can)堿(jian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)～2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)15d。10％吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性粉劑(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)25d。 3.8.7.4 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man)(man)(man) 從(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)始發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.9%或(huo)(huo)1.8%蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)螨(man)(man)(man)克水(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)5000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)1.8%阿維菌(jun)(jun)素(su)5000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)21d或(huo)(huo)14d。 3.8.7.5 蚧(jie)(jie)殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 謝花后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)10d～15d，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桃(tao)(tao)白蚧(jie)(jie)、朝(chao)鮮球堅(jian)蚧(jie)(jie) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性粉劑(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)15d；或(huo)(huo)0.2°Be～0.3°Be石(shi)硫(liu)合(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，如嚴重發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)7d后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)再噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬桑白蚧(jie)(jie)若(ruo)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵(fu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)布(bu)撲虱靈(ling)、氯氰菊(ju)酯等(deng)(deng)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)，兼(jian)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)鮮球堅(jian)蚧(jie)(jie)。 3.8.7.6 食(shi)心(xin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 從(cong)落(luo)花開(kai)(kai)始至(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)，及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)剪(jian)(jian)除(chu)被(bei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)梢，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)布(bu)氯氰菊(ju)酯、溴氰菊(ju)酯防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.9 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)處理(li)(li) 　　根(gen)據果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)熟度(du)(du)(du)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)(he)(he)(he)市(shi)場(chang)需求綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)適期(qi)(qi)。成(cheng)熟期(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)分(fen)期(qi)(qi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)立即(ji)按要(yao)求進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)挑選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)，包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)應(ying)清(qing)潔(jie)、牢固、無(wu)(wu)(wu)污染、無(wu)(wu)(wu)異味(wei)，包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)應(ying)符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)有(you)(you)關標(biao)準和(he)(he)(he)(he)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)，編(bian)上(shang)標(biao)記，及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)組織調運至(zhi)銷售(shou)市(shi)場(chang)或(huo)(huo)貯存地(di)(di)(di)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包(bao)裝主要(yao)采用箱式(shi)包(bao)裝，包(bao)裝材料必須符合國家強制性技術規范要(yao)求(qiu)。產(chan)品有明(ming)確標簽，內(nei)容包(bao)括： 產(chan)品名(ming)稱、商標、產(chan)品執行標準、生產(chan)者及詳細地址(zhi)、凈含量及包(bao)裝日期(qi)，字跡(ji)清晰(xi)、完整(zheng)、準確。