芒果视频下载

一.產品介紹

血桃外(wai)表(biao)是(shi)暗紅色毛(mao)毛(mao)糙糙的(de)(de)沒什么看(kan)頭。個頭也不大，頭有點尖尖的(de)(de)。可(ke)是(shi)一口咬開里(li)頭的(de)(de)瓤是(shi)血絲般的(de)(de)紅，就像身體上的(de)(de)紅色血管(guan)，一根根 ，連汁(zhi)水(shui)都(dou)是(shi)血紅色。那么的(de)(de)濃烈、沁入心(xin)脾。這種桃子叫做(zuo)“血桃”。

形態特征

血(xue)桃為荔波血(xue)桃，色澤鮮(xian)艷、口(kou)感爽(shuang)脆、果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)呈鮮(xian)紅(hong)色，品(pin)(pin)德上(shang)乘(cheng)。紫血(xue)桃月(yue)15日成熟，單果(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)250克，最大500克，果(guo)(guo)(guo)近圓形，果(guo)(guo)(guo)面紫紅(hong)色，果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)鮮(xian)紅(hong)色，其(qi)汁(zhi)如(ru)血(xue)，含糖14%，甜酸可口(kou)，風味精美，品(pin)(pin)德上(shang)等，較耐(nai)儲運，可自然貯存7-10天。不裂果(guo)(guo)(guo)，豐(feng)收性強。

營養價值

血(xue)桃(tao)的養(yang)分(fen)價值(zhi)血(xue)桃(tao)有補益氣血(xue)，養(yang)陰生津的作用，可用于大病之后，氣血(xue)虧虛(xu)，面黃肌瘦，心悸氣短者；

血(xue)(xue)桃(tao)的含鐵量較高，是缺鐵性(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)病人的理想幫(bang)(bang)助食物(wu)；血(xue)(xue)桃(tao)含鉀多，含鈉少(shao)，合(he)適水腫病人食用(yong)；血(xue)(xue)桃(tao)仁(ren)有活血(xue)(xue)化淤，潤腸通便作用(yong)，可用(yong)于閉經跌(die)打損(sun)傷等幫(bang)(bang)助治(zhi)療(liao)；血(xue)(xue)桃(tao)仁(ren)提取物(wu)有抗凝血(xue)(xue)作用(yong)，并能克制(zhi)咳(ke)嗽(sou)中樞而(er)止咳(ke)，同(tong)時能使(shi)血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)降落，可用(yong)于高血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)病人的幫(bang)(bang)助治(zhi)療(liao)。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1 土(tu)壤地貌情(qing)況 熊(xiong)背(bei)(bei)(bei)地處(chu)魯(lu)山西南(nan)部，位于(yu)伏牛(niu)山東麓與平原交界地帶(dai)，地貌屬(shu)淺山丘陵到高山的過渡地帶(dai)，山川縱橫，以中山為主，海(hai)拔150-620米(mi)(mi)之間，平均海(hai)拔200米(mi)(mi)。最高主峰(feng)是大(da)石(shi)垛，海(hai)拔620米(mi)(mi)，最低是龍泉寺(si)瀼河(he)(he)河(he)(he)底，海(hai)拔150米(mi)(mi)，整(zheng)體地勢西高東低。土(tu)壤類型包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)石(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)和粗骨土(tu)兩類，部分淺山丘陵地帶(dai)有(you)(you)(you)黃棕壤土(tu)，據縣土(tu)肥站測定(ding)土(tu)壤有(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)0.83%、全(quan)氮0.078%、有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)磷25.98ppm、速效(xiao)鉀95ppm，pH值5.6-6.8，鐵含量(liang)47.83ppm，土(tu)壤通透(tou)性好，無污染源，非(fei)常適合血桃(tao)生長(chang)。 2.2 水(shui)文情(qing)況 境內水(shui)資源豐富。熊(xiong)背(bei)(bei)(bei)鄉(xiang)屬(shu)魯(lu)山縣降雨中心之一，平均年降雨量(liang)在(zai)950mm，全(quan)鄉(xiang)有(you)(you)(you)主要河(he)(he)流2條，其中包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)瀼河(he)(he)、草店河(he)(he)，全(quan)長(chang)29公里，另有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)珂水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)、陰(yin)司溝水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)、響潭溝水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)、里溝水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)總儲水(shui)量(liang)64萬立方米(mi)(mi)。 2.3 氣候(hou)情(qing)況 魯(lu)山縣熊(xiong)背(bei)(bei)(bei)鄉(xiang)屬(shu)暖溫(wen)帶(dai)大(da)陸性季風氣候(hou)，晝夜溫(wen)差(cha)(cha)較大(da)，年平均氣溫(wen)14.8℃，光照(zhao)充足，年均日照(zhao)時(shi)數在(zai)2068小(xiao)時(shi)左(zuo)右，日照(zhao)率47%，無霜期(qi)為220天，適合于(yu)桃(tao)樹 種植(zhi)。冬季不甚冷， 春(chun)季回溫(wen)快，6、7、8月份(fen)氣溫(wen)較高，氣溫(wen)日較差(cha)(cha)大(da)，有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)干物質(zhi)(zhi)積累，果品品質(zhi)(zhi)優良。

三.地域范圍

“大年溝血(xue)桃(tao)”農產品(pin)地理標志登記(ji)地域保護(hu)，魯山縣熊(xiong)背鄉大年溝、寶山、南子營、大麥王(wang)、草店(dian)(dian)、熊(xiong)背、老廟(miao)莊、宿王(wang)店(dian)(dian)、黃(huang)土嶺、月明石(shi)、桃(tao)園(yuan)溝、交口等12個行政村，地理坐標為(wei)東經112°45′至112°49′，北緯33°36′至33°41′，東西寬(kuan)5.8公(gong)(gong)里，南北長(chang)9.8公(gong)(gong)里，適宜(yi)血(xue)桃(tao)生產面(mian)積(ji)約3.5萬畝，產量52500噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1 外在(zai)感官特征 “大年(nian)溝(gou)血桃(tao)”果(guo)形圓正，紅若丹(dan)霞(xia)，果(guo)肉、果(guo)核容易分離(li)，富含(han)深紅似(si)血的果(guo)肉 ，食之綿軟香甜，回(hui)味悠(you)長(chang)。 4.2 內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)指標 據農業(ye)部農產品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)測檢(jian)驗鑒定中心（鄭州）檢(jian)測：每100g “大年(nian)溝(gou)血桃(tao)”中可溶性(xing)固形物含(han)量(liang)為11～13.5g；維生(sheng)素C 7.24～7.41㎎；鉀169～190㎎；鈣(gai)6.32～7.45mg。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 園地(di)(di)(di)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze) 大(da)(da)(da)(da)年(nian)溝血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao)產地(di)(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、粗(cu)骨土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)河谷(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)由山(shan)體沖(chong)積而成的(de)(de)(de)黃棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，盡可(ke)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)灌溉條(tiao)件、環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)清(qing)潔，無(wu)污染源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)建(jian)園。產地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)符合(he)NY5013—2006 無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin) 林果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)類(lei)產品(pin)產地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。 3.2 苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)繁(fan)育(yu)(yu) 3.2.1 品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze) 大(da)(da)(da)(da)年(nian)溝血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao)是地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)純(chun)(chun)正(zheng)、無(wu)變異的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)。 3.2.2 砧(zhen)(zhen)木(mu)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze) 應(ying)(ying)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)當地(di)(di)(di)山(shan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃(tao)做砧(zhen)(zhen)木(mu) 。野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃(tao)根系(xi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)達，抗逆性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，抗病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，親(qin)和(he)(he)(he)(he)力強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，是繁(fan)育(yu)(yu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)必選砧(zhen)(zhen)木(mu)。 3.2.3 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 3.2.3.1播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian) 大(da)(da)(da)(da)年(nian)溝血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao)以(yi)(yi)秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)春(chun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。秋播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)份(fen)或(huo)(huo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)結(jie)(jie)(jie)凍前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，春(chun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)解凍后(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。 3.2.3.2 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa) 秋播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)純(chun)(chun)度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)95％以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)芽(ya)率(lv)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)90％以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸泡(pao)2～3d，按(an)(an)寬(kuan)行(xing)(xing)60㎝～80㎝，窄行(xing)(xing)20㎝～25㎝，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距15㎝播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，溝深(shen)4㎝～5㎝左右，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)、耙平(ping)。春(chun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)100-120d，先(xian)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)浸泡(pao)2～3d，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)埋入含(han)水(shui)(shui)率(lv)12％～15％的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)沙中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沙藏(zang)(zang)，沙藏(zang)(zang)溫(wen)度(du)2℃～7℃。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)同秋播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。 3.2.3.3 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量 留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)0.7萬株(zhu)／667m2左右，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量50㎏～60㎏／667㎡。 3.2.4 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)管(guan)理(li) 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)后(hou)(hou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)松(song)無(wu)雜(za)草(cao)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)灌水(shui)(shui)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素(su)(su)6㎏～8㎏／667㎡。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)藥進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)(bei)尿素(su)(su)水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)2～3次(ci)。  3.2.5嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)   3.2.5.1 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa) 大(da)(da)(da)(da)年(nian)溝血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)丁字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)芽(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)或(huo)(huo)帶木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu) 芽(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.2 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian) 一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，芽(ya)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)二(er)年(nian) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)份(fen)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.3接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗(sui)(sui)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze) 選品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純(chun)(chun)正(zheng)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)健壯，無(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豐產樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)作(zuo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)穗(sui)(sui)母株(zhu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)母株(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)已木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)當年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新梢中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)做接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗(sui)(sui)，剪(jian)(jian)去葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片，留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)下(xia)(xia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)柄，用(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)布包(bao)(bao)好備用(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3.2.6 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)管(guan)理(li) 芽(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)7～10d檢查成活率(lv)，未(wei)成活的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)補接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)芽(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成活后(hou)(hou)，及時(shi)剪(jian)(jian)砧(zhen)(zhen)除(chu)(chu)萌(meng)(meng)。芽(ya)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)二(er)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成活苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)于翌春(chun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)芽(ya)前(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)方(fang)(fang)0.5㎝處剪(jian)(jian)砧(zhen)(zhen)，促(cu)其接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)萌(meng)(meng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，砧(zhen)(zhen)木(mu)及時(shi)除(chu)(chu)萌(meng)(meng)。剪(jian)(jian)砧(zhen)(zhen)后(hou)(hou)，追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素(su)(su)15㎏～20㎏／667㎡，并及時(shi)澆水(shui)(shui)、松(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)墑。8～9月(yue)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)(bei)磷酸二(er)氫鉀水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)1～2次(ci)。并注意及時(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、螨(man)類(lei)、潛(qian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾、金龜子(zi)、白粉(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。     3.3 建(jian)園   3.3.1 園地(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內(nei)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)pH值(zhi)6.0～7.0，排(pai)灌良好的(de)(de)(de)坡地(di)(di)(di)或(huo)(huo)河谷(gu)平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)園。丘陵坡地(di)(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)梯田(tian)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)坑客土(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)。   3.3.2 定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du) 栽植(zhi)(zhi)根據(ju)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)而定(ding)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般自然(ran)(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)型整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)為(wei)株(zhu)行(xing)(xing)距3m×4m,每(mei)(mei)畝55株(zhu)；Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)為(wei)3m×2m，每(mei)(mei)畝110株(zhu)；主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)型整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)為(wei)2m×1m，每(mei)(mei)畝330株(zhu)。 3.4 整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 3.4.1 整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 3.4.1.1 自然(ran)(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)50cm-60cm，選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)分布錯落(luo)(luo)有(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)正(zheng)南；主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)40o～70o；每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配置2個(ge)(ge)～3個(ge)(ge)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。呈順(shun)向(xiang)排(pai)列，側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)張角度(du)70o左右。 3.4.1.2 Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)40cm～50cm，選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)2個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角度(du)60o～90o，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)培養結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。 3.4.1.3 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)170-200cm，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)基(ji)(ji)部(bu)60cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)分布結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組. 3.4.2.1 冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 對(dui)(dui)于自然(ran)(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 重點(dian)培養骨干(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，培養樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。對(dui)(dui)先(xian)端生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)勢強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，角度(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)張的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，要(yao)(yao)拉開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)角度(du)，疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)部(bu)分直立枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，延長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甩放不(bu)(bu)(bu)短裁。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)粗(cu)壯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、直立枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)均(jun)勻(yun)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)取帶有(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge)。 3.4.2.2 夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)落(luo)(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)剪(jian)(jian)除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，抹除(chu)(chu)根頸和(he)(he)(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)無(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)(meng)蘗，定(ding)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、竟爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)摘心(xin)(xin)(xin)、扭梢、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、控制(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)延長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)附近的(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)(he)內(nei)膛萌(meng)(meng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 　 3.5 肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)　　 3.5.1 基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)農(nong)(nong)事(shi)清(qing)園深(shen)翻(fan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)30㎏。　　 3.5.2 追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 分三次(ci)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)月(yue)，每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)1㎏；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)，對(dui)(dui)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)0.4—0.6㎏； 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)鉀（硫(liu)酸鉀型）復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)0.5-0.8㎏。 3.5.3 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)(da)(da)(da)期至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面肥(fei)(fei)(fei)鈣爾(er)美、磷酸二(er)氫鉀每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)10d噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)硬(ying)度(du)、糖度(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)貯藏(zang)(zang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。 3.6 疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)個(ge)(ge)較小(xiao)，為(wei)了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量，必須進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)蕾，每(mei)(mei)節留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾，其余的(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)去。落(luo)(luo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)15～30d內(nei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、好果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、并生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、無(wu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、朝天(tian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)畸(ji)形(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量占(zhan)座果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量的(de)(de)(de)50—60%；花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)50d進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)第二(er)次(ci)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般長(chang)(chang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3～4個(ge)(ge)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)2～3個(ge)(ge)，短果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1～2個(ge)(ge) 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.7 樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)為(wei)抑制(zhi)雜(za)草(cao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量，要(yao)(yao)求行(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)白三葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)草(cao)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤內(nei)覆蓋作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)秸桿(gan)或(huo)(huo)薄膜(mo)(mo)。 3.8 病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.1主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)縮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，瘡痂病(bing)(bing)(bing)以(yi)(yi)及蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、食(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，介殼(ke)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、紅蜘蛛等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 3.8.2 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則 堅持(chi)“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，綜(zong)合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)針， 綜(zong)合(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)取農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，盡可(ke)能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)或(huo)(huo)少用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua) 學(xue)(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥只有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)(huo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)流行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)限(xian)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.8.3 農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 以(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)當地(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)抗性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良砧(zhen)(zhen)建(jian)園；強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)土(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)，合(he)理(li)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)良好的(de)(de)(de)通風透光條(tiao)件，合(he)理(li)負載，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)健壯樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)勢，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)體抗性(xing)(xing)(xing)；冬春(chun)刮除(chu)(chu)老翹皮、腐爛病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑，徹底清(qing)園、減少病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源(yuan)；土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)近封凍時(shi)深(shen)翻(fan)，凍死在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)越(yue)冬的(de)(de)(de)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)；早(zao)春(chun)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)覆蓋，阻隔(ge)(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)內(nei)越(yue)冬害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)出土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)；晚秋樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)綁草(cao)環(huan)(huan)(huan)，誘(you)集病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)藏(zang)(zang)身(shen)越(yue)冬集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)燒毀，減少病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越(yue)冬基(ji)(ji)數。 3.8.4 物(wu)(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根據(ju)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)桃(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4、5月(yue)份(fen)采(cai)(cai)(cai)取糖醋液(ye)誘(you)殺害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，5月(yue)份(fen)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)采(cai)(cai)(cai)取黑(hei)光燈(deng)誘(you)殺害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)頻振式(shi)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)掛豌豆(dou)秧、蓋防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網(wang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)誘(you)殺和(he)(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.5 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 通過(guo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、小(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蝽、草(cao)蛉、食(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)蠅、捕食(shi)(shi)螨(man)等(deng)(deng)(deng)天(tian)敵(di)，控制(zhi)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man)、潛(qian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾等(deng)(deng)(deng)自然(ran)(ran)天(tian)敵(di)人(ren)工(gong)引移、繁(fan)殖釋放害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)天(tian)敵(di)（生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)導彈等(deng)(deng)(deng)）；果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園養雞或(huo)(huo)招(zhao)引益鳥啄食(shi)(shi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)或(huo)(huo)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)益微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)及其代謝(xie)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，如利用(yong)(yong)(yong)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)外激素(su)(su)誘(you)殺害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.6 化(hua)學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根據(ju)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)象的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)為(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)特點(dian)，提(ti)(ti)倡(chang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)源(yuan)農(nong)(nong)藥、礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)源(yuan)農(nong)(nong)藥（如石(shi)(shi)硫(liu)合(he)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)硫(liu)懸浮劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)），禁止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)毒(du)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變農(nong)(nong)藥。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥時(shi)嚴格按(an)(an)照(zhao)《GB/T 8321 （所(suo)有(you)(you)部(bu)分）農(nong)(nong)藥合(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)準則》的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求執行(xing)(xing)。 3.8.7 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.7.1 桃(tao)瘡痂病(bing)(bing)(bing) 從萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)期開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)菌靈(ling)可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)期15d. 3.8.7.2 桃(tao)縮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing) 從萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)1.5%多(duo)抗霉素(su)(su)可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)300倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)期21d；或(huo)(huo)70%甲基(ji)(ji)托布津可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)100倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)期30d。 3.8.7.3 桃(tao)蚜(ya) 從萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)期開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套袋前(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)0.36%苦(ku)參堿水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1000倍(bei)(bei)～2000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)期15d。10％吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)，安(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)期25d。 3.8.7.4 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man) 從萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)期開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)0.9%或(huo)(huo)1.8%蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)螨(man)克水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)5000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)或(huo)(huo)1.8%阿維菌素(su)(su)5000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)期21d或(huo)(huo)14d。 3.8.7.5 蚧殼(ke)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 謝(xie)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)10d～15d，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桃(tao)白蚧、朝鮮(xian)球(qiu)堅蚧 用(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)期15d；或(huo)(huo)0.2°Be～0.3°Be石(shi)(shi)硫(liu)合(he)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，如嚴重發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)7d后(hou)(hou)再噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)桑白蚧若蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵化(hua)期，可(ke)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)布撲虱靈(ling)、氯(lv)氰菊酯(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，兼(jian)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝鮮(xian)球(qiu)堅蚧。 3.8.7.6 食(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 從落(luo)(luo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)(da)(da)(da)期，及時(shi)剪(jian)(jian)除(chu)(chu)被害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)梢，同時(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)布氯(lv)氰菊酯(zhi)(zhi)、溴氰菊酯(zhi)(zhi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.9 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)處理(li) 　　根據(ju)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成熟度(du)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)(he)(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)需求綜(zong)合(he)確(que)定(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)適期。成熟期不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)分期采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)，輕拿輕放。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)立即按(an)(an)要(yao)(yao)求進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)挑選、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)應(ying)(ying)清(qing)潔、牢固、無(wu)污染、無(wu)異味，包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)應(ying)(ying)符合(he)國家(jia)有(you)(you)關標準和(he)(he)(he)(he)規定(ding)，編上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標記，及時(shi)組織調運至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銷(xiao)售市(shi)(shi)場(chang)或(huo)(huo)貯存地(di)(di)(di)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)主要采用箱(xiang)式(shi)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料必須符合國家(jia)強制(zhi)性技(ji)術規范(fan)要求。產品(pin)有明(ming)確標簽，內容(rong)包括(kuo)： 產品(pin)名稱、商標、產品(pin)執行標準(zhun)、生(sheng)產者及(ji)詳細地址、凈含(han)量(liang)及(ji)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)日期，字跡清晰、完整、準(zhun)確。