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一.產品介紹

血桃外表是(shi)(shi)暗紅(hong)色毛毛糙糙的(de)(de)沒什么看頭(tou)。個頭(tou)也不大，頭(tou)有(you)點(dian)尖尖的(de)(de)。可是(shi)(shi)一(yi)口咬開里頭(tou)的(de)(de)瓤是(shi)(shi)血絲般的(de)(de)紅(hong)，就像身體(ti)上(shang)的(de)(de)紅(hong)色血管，一(yi)根(gen)根(gen) ，連汁(zhi)水(shui)都是(shi)(shi)血紅(hong)色。那么的(de)(de)濃烈、沁入心脾(pi)。這(zhe)種(zhong)桃子叫做“血桃”。

形態特征

血(xue)(xue)桃(tao)為(wei)荔波血(xue)(xue)桃(tao)，色(se)澤(ze)鮮(xian)艷、口感爽脆、果肉呈鮮(xian)紅色(se)，品德(de)上乘。紫(zi)血(xue)(xue)桃(tao)月15日成熟，單果重250克，最大(da)500克，果近圓(yuan)形(xing)，果面(mian)紫(zi)紅色(se)，果肉鮮(xian)紅色(se)，其汁如(ru)血(xue)(xue)，含糖14%，甜酸可口，風味精美，品德(de)上等，較(jiao)耐儲(chu)運，可自然貯存7-10天。不裂果，豐收性(xing)強。

營養價值

血(xue)桃的(de)養分價值血(xue)桃有補益氣(qi)血(xue)，養陰生津的(de)作用，可用于大病之后，氣(qi)血(xue)虧虛(xu)，面黃(huang)肌瘦，心悸(ji)氣(qi)短者；

血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃的(de)含鐵量(liang)較高，是缺鐵性(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)(xue)病(bing)人的(de)理想幫助(zhu)食(shi)物(wu)；血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃含鉀多，含鈉少，合適水(shui)腫病(bing)人食(shi)用(yong)；血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃仁有活血(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)淤(yu)，潤腸通(tong)便作用(yong)，可用(yong)于閉(bi)經跌打損傷(shang)等幫助(zhu)治(zhi)療(liao)；血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃仁提(ti)取物(wu)有抗凝血(xue)(xue)(xue)作用(yong)，并(bing)能克制咳(ke)嗽中(zhong)樞(shu)而止(zhi)咳(ke)，同時(shi)能使血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓降落(luo)，可用(yong)于高血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓病(bing)人的(de)幫助(zhu)治(zhi)療(liao)。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1 土壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)情(qing)況(kuang) 熊背地(di)(di)處魯(lu)(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西南(nan)部(bu)(bu)，位于(yu)伏牛山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)麓與(yu)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)交界地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)，地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)屬(shu)淺山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)到高山(shan)(shan)(shan)的過渡地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)川縱橫，以中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)為主，海(hai)拔(ba)150-620米之(zhi)間(jian)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)海(hai)拔(ba)200米。最高主峰是大(da)(da)石(shi)垛，海(hai)拔(ba)620米，最低(di)是龍泉寺瀼(rang)河河底，海(hai)拔(ba)150米，整(zheng)體地(di)(di)勢西高東(dong)低(di)。土壤(rang)(rang)類型包括(kuo)(kuo)石(shi)質(zhi)土和粗骨土兩類，部(bu)(bu)分淺山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)黃棕壤(rang)(rang)土，據縣土肥站(zhan)測定(ding)土壤(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量0.83%、全氮0.078%、有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)磷25.98ppm、速效(xiao)(xiao)鉀95ppm，pH值(zhi)5.6-6.8，鐵(tie)含(han)量47.83ppm，土壤(rang)(rang)通透(tou)性好，無污染(ran)源(yuan)，非常適合(he)血(xue)桃生長(chang)。 2.2 水(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang) 境內水(shui)資源(yuan)豐富。熊背鄉(xiang)屬(shu)魯(lu)(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣降(jiang)(jiang)雨中(zhong)心(xin)之(zhi)一，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年降(jiang)(jiang)雨量在950mm，全鄉(xiang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)主要河流2條，其(qi)中(zhong)包括(kuo)(kuo)瀼(rang)河、草店河，全長(chang)29公里，另有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)珂水(shui)庫、陰司溝(gou)水(shui)庫、響潭溝(gou)水(shui)庫、里溝(gou)水(shui)庫總(zong)儲水(shui)量64萬立方(fang)米。 2.3 氣(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況(kuang) 魯(lu)(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣熊背鄉(xiang)屬(shu)暖溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)大(da)(da)陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候，晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)差較(jiao)大(da)(da)，年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14.8℃，光照(zhao)充足，年均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)在2068小(xiao)時左右，日(ri)照(zhao)率47%，無霜期為220天，適合(he)于(yu)桃樹 種植。冬(dong)季(ji)不甚冷， 春季(ji)回溫(wen)(wen)快，6、7、8月份氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)較(jiao)高，氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)日(ri)較(jiao)差大(da)(da)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)干物質(zhi)積累，果品品質(zhi)優(you)良。

三.地域范圍

“大年溝血桃”農產(chan)品地(di)(di)理標志登記地(di)(di)域保護(hu)，魯山縣熊背鄉(xiang)大年溝、寶山、南子營(ying)、大麥王、草店、熊背、老廟莊、宿王店、黃土嶺、月(yue)明(ming)石(shi)、桃園溝、交口等12個行(xing)政村，地(di)(di)理坐標為東(dong)經112°45′至112°49′，北緯33°36′至33°41′，東(dong)西寬(kuan)5.8公(gong)里，南北長9.8公(gong)里，適宜(yi)血桃生產(chan)面積約3.5萬畝，產(chan)量52500噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1 外在(zai)感官(guan)特征(zheng) “大年溝血桃(tao)”果(guo)形圓正(zheng)，紅(hong)若丹霞，果(guo)肉(rou)、果(guo)核容(rong)易分離(li)，富含深紅(hong)似血的果(guo)肉(rou) ，食之綿軟香甜，回味(wei)悠長。 4.2 內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)指標 據農業(ye)部農產品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)檢測檢驗鑒定中(zhong)心（鄭(zheng)州）檢測：每100g “大年溝血桃(tao)”中(zhong)可溶性(xing)固(gu)形物含量(liang)為11～13.5g；維生素(su)C 7.24～7.41㎎；鉀169～190㎎；鈣6.32～7.45mg。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 大年(nian)(nian)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)血(xue)(xue)桃(tao)(tao)產(chan)(chan)地(di)應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)保護區內(nei)的(de)(de)石質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、粗骨(gu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和河谷(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)由山體(ti)沖(chong)積(ji)而(er)成的(de)(de)黃棕壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，盡可(ke)(ke)能有(you)(you)灌溉條(tiao)件(jian)、環(huan)境清(qing)潔，無(wu)污染(ran)(ran)源的(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)建園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境符(fu)合NY5013—2006 無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin) 林(lin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)類產(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。 3.2 苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)繁育(yu) 3.2.1 品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 大年(nian)(nian)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)血(xue)(xue)桃(tao)(tao)是(shi)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)傳統品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)純正、無(wu)變異的(de)(de)傳統品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)。 3.2.2 砧(zhen)(zhen)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)當地(di)山上的(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃(tao)(tao)做砧(zhen)(zhen)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu) 。野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃(tao)(tao)根(gen)系發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)達，抗(kang)(kang)(kang)逆(ni)性(xing)(xing)強，抗(kang)(kang)(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，親和力強，是(shi)繁育(yu)血(xue)(xue)桃(tao)(tao)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)必(bi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)砧(zhen)(zhen)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。 3.2.3 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 3.2.3.1播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian) 大年(nian)(nian)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)血(xue)(xue)桃(tao)(tao)以(yi)秋(qiu)季播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)春播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。秋(qiu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)結(jie)(jie)(jie)凍(dong)前(qian)(qian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)，春播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)解凍(dong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 3.2.3.2 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法 秋(qiu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)純度(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)95％以(yi)上，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)率在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)90％以(yi)上的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)浸泡2～3d，按寬行(xing)(xing)(xing)60㎝～80㎝，窄行(xing)(xing)(xing)20㎝～25㎝，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距15㎝播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，溝(gou)(gou)(gou)深(shen)4㎝～5㎝左右(you)(you)，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)、耙平(ping)(ping)。春播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)100-120d，先將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)浸泡2～3d，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)埋(mai)入含水(shui)(shui)率12％～15％的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)沙中(zhong)(zhong)沙藏(zang)，沙藏(zang)溫度(du)(du)2℃～7℃。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法同秋(qiu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。 3.2.3.3 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang) 留(liu)(liu)(liu)苗(miao)(miao)0.7萬株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)／667m2左右(you)(you)，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)50㎏～60㎏／667㎡。 3.2.4 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)保持(chi)(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)疏(shu)松(song)無(wu)雜草(cao)(cao)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)合灌水(shui)(shui)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施尿(niao)素(su)6㎏～8㎏／667㎡。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季可(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)藥(yao)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)施300倍(bei)(bei)尿(niao)素(su)水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)2～3次(ci)。  3.2.5嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)   3.2.5.1 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法 大年(nian)(nian)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)血(xue)(xue)桃(tao)(tao)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)丁(ding)字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)法或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)帶(dai)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)部 芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)法嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.2 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian) 一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)，芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)苗(miao)(miao)和二(er)年(nian)(nian) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.3接(jie)(jie)穗選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純正，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)健(jian)壯，無(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)樹(shu)(shu)作采穗母株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)母株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)當年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新梢(shao)中(zhong)(zhong)部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)做接(jie)(jie)穗，剪(jian)(jian)(jian)去葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片，留(liu)(liu)(liu)下(xia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)(bu)包(bao)好(hao)(hao)備用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3.2.6 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)7～10d檢查成活率，未成活的(de)(de)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)補接(jie)(jie)。一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)成活后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)砧(zhen)(zhen)除(chu)(chu)(chu)萌(meng)。芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)苗(miao)(miao)和二(er)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)成活苗(miao)(miao)于翌春發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)接(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)上方(fang)(fang)(fang)0.5㎝處剪(jian)(jian)(jian)砧(zhen)(zhen)，促其(qi)接(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)萌(meng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，砧(zhen)(zhen)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)萌(meng)。剪(jian)(jian)(jian)砧(zhen)(zhen)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，追(zhui)施尿(niao)素(su)15㎏～20㎏／667㎡，并及(ji)時(shi)(shi)澆水(shui)(shui)、松(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)保墑。8～9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)施300倍(bei)(bei)磷酸二(er)氫鉀水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)1～2次(ci)。并注意(yi)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、螨(man)(man)類、潛葉(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾(e)、金龜子(zi)、白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。     3.3 建園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)   3.3.1 園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)保護區內(nei)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值6.0～7.0，排灌良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)坡地(di)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)河谷(gu)平(ping)(ping)地(di)建園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。丘陵坡地(di)應(ying)(ying)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)梯田(tian)整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大坑(keng)客土(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法定植(zhi)(zhi)。   3.3.2 定植(zhi)(zhi)密度(du)(du) 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)根(gen)據樹(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式而(er)定。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)自然(ran)開(kai)(kai)心(xin)型整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)密度(du)(du)為(wei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距3m×4m,每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝55株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)密度(du)(du)為(wei)3m×2m，每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝110株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)型整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)密度(du)(du)為(wei)2m×1m，每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝330株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 3.4 整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian) 3.4.1 整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 3.4.1.1 自然(ran)開(kai)(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)50cm-60cm，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)上分布(bu)(bu)錯落(luo)(luo)有(you)(you)致，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)正南；主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角度(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)40o～70o；每(mei)(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配置(zhi)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)～3個(ge)(ge)(ge)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。呈順向排列，側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)張角度(du)(du)70o左右(you)(you)。 3.4.1.2 Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)40cm～50cm，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角度(du)(du)60o～90o，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)培(pei)養結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。 3.4.1.3 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)170-200cm，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)基部60cm以(yi)上分布(bu)(bu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge)(ge)，不(bu)(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu). 3.4.2.1 冬(dong)(dong)季修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian) 對(dui)于自然(ran)開(kai)(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 重(zhong)點(dian)培(pei)養骨(gu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，培(pei)養樹(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。對(dui)先端生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)勢強，角度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)開(kai)(kai)張的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，要(yao)(yao)拉(la)(la)開(kai)(kai)角度(du)(du)，疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)部分直(zhi)(zhi)立(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競(jing)爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，延長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甩放不(bu)(bu)短裁。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)粗壯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、直(zhi)(zhi)立(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)均(jun)勻留(liu)(liu)(liu)取(qu)帶(dai)有(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge)(ge)。 3.4.2.2 夏季修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)(li)落(luo)(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、枯(ku)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，抹除(chu)(chu)(chu)根(gen)頸和主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)上無(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)萌(meng)蘗，定果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、竟爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)枯(ku)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)摘(zhai)心(xin)、扭梢(shao)、拉(la)(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、控制(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)延長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)附近(jin)的(de)(de)和內(nei)膛萌(meng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)徒長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 　 3.5 肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)　　 3.5.1 基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)采收(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)合農(nong)事清(qing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)深(shen)翻土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)施基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30㎏。　　 3.5.2 追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 分三次(ci)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)1㎏；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)(xun)，對(dui)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)0.4—0.6㎏； 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施高(gao)鉀（硫(liu)酸鉀型）復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)0.5-0.8㎏。 3.5.3 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)膨大期(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)采收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)施葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)鈣爾(er)美(mei)、磷酸二(er)氫鉀每(mei)(mei)(mei)隔(ge)10d噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)硬度(du)(du)、糖(tang)(tang)度(du)(du)和果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)貯(zhu)藏(zang)性(xing)(xing)能。 3.6 疏(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 血(xue)(xue)桃(tao)(tao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)個(ge)(ge)(ge)較小，為(wei)了保證果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，必(bi)須進行(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)蕾，每(mei)(mei)(mei)節(jie)留(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)花(hua)(hua)蕾，其(qi)余(yu)的(de)(de)疏(shu)去。落(luo)(luo)花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)15～30d內(nei)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)上部的(de)(de)長(chang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、好(hao)(hao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、并生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、無(wu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、朝(chao)天(tian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和畸形(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)占座(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)的(de)(de)50—60%；花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)50d進行(xing)(xing)(xing)第二(er)次(ci)疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)長(chang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3～4個(ge)(ge)(ge)，中(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)2～3個(ge)(ge)(ge)，短果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)1～2個(ge)(ge)(ge) 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.7 樹(shu)(shu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)為(wei)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)雜草(cao)(cao)和提(ti)(ti)高(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)白(bai)(bai)三葉(xie)(xie)(xie)草(cao)(cao)，樹(shu)(shu)盤內(nei)覆蓋(gai)作物(wu)秸桿或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)薄膜(mo)。 3.8 病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.1主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)(you)縮(suo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，瘡痂病(bing)(bing)(bing)以(yi)及(ji)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、食(shi)心(xin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，介(jie)殼(ke)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、紅蜘蛛等(deng)。 3.8.2 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原(yuan)則 堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，綜合防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)保方(fang)(fang)(fang)針， 綜合采取(qu)農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施，盡可(ke)(ke)能不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)少(shao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua) 學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)只(zhi)有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)可(ke)(ke)能大發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)大流行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)情況下(xia)有(you)(you)限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.8.3 農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 以(yi)對(dui)當地(di)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)性(xing)(xing)強的(de)(de)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良砧(zhen)(zhen)建園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；強化(hua)(hua)(hua)土(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，合理(li)(li)(li)(li)整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)，保持(chi)(chi)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)通(tong)風透(tou)光(guang)條(tiao)件(jian)，合理(li)(li)(li)(li)負載，保持(chi)(chi)健(jian)壯樹(shu)(shu)勢，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)樹(shu)(shu)體(ti)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)性(xing)(xing)；冬(dong)(dong)春刮(gua)除(chu)(chu)(chu)老翹皮、腐爛病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑(ban)，徹底清(qing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、減少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源；土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)接(jie)(jie)近(jin)封凍(dong)時(shi)(shi)深(shen)翻，凍(dong)死在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)越冬(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)；早春實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)膜(mo)覆蓋(gai)，阻隔(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)內(nei)越冬(dong)(dong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)出土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)；晚秋(qiu)樹(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)綁草(cao)(cao)環(huan)，誘集病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)藏(zang)身越冬(dong)(dong)集中(zhong)(zhong)燒毀，減少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越冬(dong)(dong)基數。 3.8.4 物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)據害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)特(te)性(xing)(xing)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)桃(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)4、5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)采取(qu)糖(tang)(tang)醋液(ye)(ye)(ye)誘殺害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)采取(qu)黑(hei)光(guang)燈誘殺害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻振式殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈、樹(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)掛豌豆秧、蓋(gai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網等(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法誘殺和防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.5 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 通(tong)過保護瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、小花(hua)(hua)蝽、草(cao)(cao)蛉、食(shi)蚜蠅、捕食(shi)螨(man)(man)等(deng)天(tian)敵，控制(zhi)(zhi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man)(man)、潛葉(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾(e)等(deng)自然(ran)天(tian)敵人工引移(yi)、繁殖釋放害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)天(tian)敵（生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)導(dao)彈等(deng)）；果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)養雞或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)招引益鳥(niao)啄(zhuo)食(shi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)益微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)及(ji)其(qi)代謝物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，如利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)性(xing)(xing)外激(ji)素(su)誘殺害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.6 化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)據防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)象的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)特(te)性(xing)(xing)和為(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)特(te)點(dian)，提(ti)(ti)倡使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)源農(nong)藥(yao)、礦物(wu)源農(nong)藥(yao)（如石硫(liu)合劑(ji)和硫(liu)懸浮劑(ji)），禁止使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇(ju)毒、高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留(liu)(liu)(liu)和致畸、致癌、致突(tu)變農(nong)藥(yao)。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)時(shi)(shi)嚴格按照《GB/T 8321 （所(suo)有(you)(you)部分）農(nong)藥(yao)合理(li)(li)(li)(li)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則》的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 3.8.7 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.7.1 桃(tao)(tao)瘡痂病(bing)(bing)(bing) 從(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)采收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多菌靈可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)15d. 3.8.7.2 桃(tao)(tao)縮(suo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing) 從(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1.5%多抗(kang)(kang)(kang)霉素(su)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)300倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)21d；或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)70%甲基托布(bu)(bu)津可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)100倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)30d。 3.8.7.3 桃(tao)(tao)蚜 從(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套袋前(qian)(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.36%苦參堿水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)1000倍(bei)(bei)～2000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)15d。10％吡(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)(lin)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)，安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)25d。 3.8.7.4 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man)(man) 從(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)采收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.9%或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)螨(man)(man)克水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)5000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%阿(a)維(wei)菌素(su)5000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)21d或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)14d。 3.8.7.5 蚧殼(ke)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 謝花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)10d～15d，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桃(tao)(tao)白(bai)(bai)蚧、朝(chao)鮮球(qiu)堅(jian)蚧 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)(lin)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)15d；或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)0.2°Be～0.3°Be石硫(liu)合劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，如嚴重(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)7d后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)再(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)桑白(bai)(bai)蚧若蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵化(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)，可(ke)(ke)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)布(bu)(bu)撲虱靈、氯氰菊酯等(deng)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)，兼治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)鮮球(qiu)堅(jian)蚧。 3.8.7.6 食(shi)心(xin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 從(cong)落(luo)(luo)花(hua)(hua)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)膨大期(qi)(qi)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)被(bei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)梢(shao)，同時(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)布(bu)(bu)氯氰菊酯、溴(xiu)氰菊酯防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.9 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)采收(shou)(shou)和采后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)處理(li)(li)(li)(li) 　　根(gen)據果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)成熟(shu)度(du)(du)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和市(shi)場需求(qiu)綜合確定采收(shou)(shou)適(shi)期(qi)(qi)。成熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)分期(qi)(qi)采收(shou)(shou)。采收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)，輕拿輕放。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)采后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)立(li)即按要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)挑選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、包(bao)裝，包(bao)裝物(wu)應(ying)(ying)清(qing)潔、牢固、無(wu)污染(ran)(ran)、無(wu)異味，包(bao)裝物(wu)應(ying)(ying)符(fu)合國(guo)家有(you)(you)關標準(zhun)和規定，編上標記，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)組(zu)織(zhi)調運至(zhi)(zhi)銷(xiao)售市(shi)場或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)貯(zhu)存地(di)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包裝(zhuang)主要采用(yong)箱式包裝(zhuang)，包裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)必須符合國(guo)家強制性技術規范要求。產品(pin)有明確標簽，內容包括： 產品(pin)名稱、商標、產品(pin)執(zhi)行標準(zhun)、生(sheng)產者(zhe)及(ji)詳細地址(zhi)、凈含量及(ji)包裝(zhuang)日期，字(zi)跡清(qing)晰、完整、準(zhun)確。