南京方山省級森林公園,位于江寧區東南部方山林場,緊鄰寧通高級公路,交通條件十分便利,擁有森林面積8308畝,森林覆蓋率達90%,方山海拔184米,森林景區植被茂盛、空氣濕潤。方山、橫山、奶山鼎足而立,自然環境幽雅,方山因其盾火山口,被譽為地質科考和研究的活標本。方山蘊含豐富的旅游資源,自然景色奇觀,松、竹、茶、蘭、植被茂密,古樹參天、松濤竹海、陡崖峭石,十分奇觀。人文資源豐富,方山歷來有八大景之說:梵天寺、仙人洞、貓耳石、紫竹林、鳳凰泉、燕翅峰、石柱林、王子石每一景點都富有神奇傳說。近年來,開發1000畝集生態旅游、觀光休閑、經濟發展為一體的優質茶園,更是一道靚麗的風景。景區內盛產方山雨花茶和中華一絕----雨花石,是游客首選的旅游產品,隨著景區內基礎設施的不斷完善,游客吃、住、行、娛樂休閑,將更為方便。
方山(shan)山(shan)形獨特(te)原于它是距今1000萬(wan)年(nian)(nian)前新近紀(ji)中(zhong)新世時(shi)期一(yi)(yi)座火山(shan)。由于這座火山(shan)的(de)(de)典型性(xing)(xing)、代表性(xing)(xing)、完整(zheng)性(xing)(xing),早(zao)在1948 年(nian)(nian)我國地質學(xue)家作過詳細研究而聞名。火山(shan)噴發的(de)(de)玄(xuan)武巖(yan)(yan)層(ceng)層(ceng)盛(sheng)盛(sheng)組成(cheng)方山(shan)主體(ti)。玄(xuan)武巖(yan)(yan)之下為古河流沉積砂礫巖(yan)(yan),即地層(ceng)學(xue)上有標準(zhun)愈義(yi)的(de)(de)“洞(dong)玄(xuan)觀組”的(de)(de)創名地。砂礫巖(yan)(yan)中(zhong)發現安琪馬(ma)等化石。山(shan)腳(jiao)下片片紅砂巖(yan)(yan)則是距今約(yue)8000 萬(wan)年(nian)(nian)前,晚白堊紀(ji)赤山(shan)組砂巖(yan)(yan)層(ceng).方山(shan)由上而下,由玄(xuan)武巖(yan)(yan)、砂礫巖(yan)(yan)、砂巖(yan)(yan)三層(ceng)樓式結構,它是大地變遷的(de)(de)天然檔(dang)案,它向人(ren)們訴(su)說地球科學(xue)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)段故事。
根據(ju)國(guo)(guo)土資(zi)(zi)源部《關(guan)于(yu)開展第(di)(di)五批(pi)(pi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)申(shen)報(bao)審批(pi)(pi)工作的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告》(2009年第(di)(di)15號(hao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)評(ping)審委員會(hui)于(yu)2009年8月7日-10日組織召(zhao)開了(le)第(di)(di)五批(pi)(pi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)資(zi)(zi)格(ge)評(ping)審會(hui)審議通(tong)過(guo)了(le)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)寧湯(tang)山方(fang)(fang)(fang)山國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan),擬(ni)(ni)授予國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)資(zi)(zi)格(ge)。 根據(ju)評(ping)審結果,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)寧湯(tang)山方(fang)(fang)(fang)山國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)通(tong)過(guo)了(le)國(guo)(guo)土資(zi)(zi)源部關(guan)于(yu)湯(tang)山方(fang)(fang)(fang)山捆綁申(shen)報(bao)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)申(shen)請,位(wei)列第(di)(di)五批(pi)(pi)擬(ni)(ni)授予國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)資(zi)(zi)格(ge)名單(dan)的(de)(de)第(di)(di)19位(wei)。 此(ci)次江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)寧湯(tang)山方(fang)(fang)(fang)山地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan),是以(yi)湯(tang)山猿人洞、地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)剖(pou)面、溫泉、新近(jin)紀火山為主(zhu)題的(de)(de)綜(zong)合性地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan),分湯(tang)山園(yuan)區和方(fang)(fang)(fang)山園(yuan)區,總面積(ji)38.4平方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里,主(zhu)要地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遺(yi)跡面積(ji)18.4平方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里。地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遺(yi)跡豐(feng)富(fu),且具多樣性與典型性,具有重要的(de)(de)科學(xue)意義(yi)與綜(zong)合價(jia)值。 該公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)南(nan)京市近(jin)郊,地(di)(di)(di)(di)理區位(wei)、交(jiao)通(tong)以(yi)及(ji)基礎(chu)設施(shi)良好(hao),在(zai)已(yi)建成省級(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)加強保護(hu)(hu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遺(yi)跡的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上積(ji)極申(shen)報(bao)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan),將建設成為旨在(zai)保護(hu)(hu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源、地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)科普教育、休閑旅游并帶動(dong)社會(hui)與經濟發展而做出貢獻的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)。