趙公山(shan)(shan)是(shi)青(qing)城山(shan)(shan)的(de)主峰,何為趙公山(shan)(shan)呢,許多人還不知(zhi)道(dao)這山(shan)(shan)的(de)來歷,趙公山(shan)(shan)原(yuan)名(ming)大面山(shan)(shan),是(shi)八百里青(qing)城山(shan)(shan)的(de)主峰,這座(zuo)大山(shan)(shan)背靠阿壩(ba)高(gao)原(yuan)雪山(shan)(shan),前擁(yong)有天府平原(yuan),左(zuo)連(lian)熊耳嶺,右靠岷江,幅(fu)員面積50公里,是(shi)傳說(shuo)中的(de)西(xi)蜀趙公明統領(ling)的(de)爍羅鬼國部落所(suo)在地。
這座(zuo)大(da)山(shan)(shan)就有許(xu)多名字,小名,書名,稱(cheng)(cheng)謂(wei)甚多,最早(zao)的《山(shan)(shan)海經》稱(cheng)(cheng)為瀆(du)山(shan)(shan),《華陽(yang)志》稱(cheng)(cheng)它為“成(cheng)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)”,天國山(shan)(shan),后來稱(cheng)(cheng)為壓月山(shan)(shan),大(da)面山(shan)(shan),自從有了(le)財神(shen)爺(ye)趙公明之后,就叫趙公山(shan)(shan)了(le)。
青城(cheng)山趙公(gong)山,是財(cai)神(shen)祖(zu)山,開啟(qi)旅游的大(da)門,敬(jing)奉(feng)財(cai)神(shen),請(qing)財(cai)神(shen),迎(ying)接(jie)財(cai)神(shen)民俗得(de)到(dao)政府(fu)的關注,申(shen)報國(guo)家非物質(zhi)文化(hua)遺(yi)產。
青(qing)城趙公山之所以注目,天(tian)特(te)別(bie)(bie)藍,水(shui)特(te)別(bie)(bie)清,林特(te)別(bie)(bie)青(qing),山特(te)別(bie)(bie)的(de)幽,山秀(xiu)水(shui)美,連(lian)綿起伏山巒碧峰(feng),趙公祖廟(miao)在其(qi)中,更是指點玄機,把握陰陽,能賜人吉祥,佑人發財,護(hu)人平(ping)安的(de)神仙——趙公明(ming)財神爺(ye),讓無數人敬仰(yang)。
趙公(gong)(gong)山(shan)的景區的特別,它血脈里在趙公(gong)(gong)財(cai)(cai)神(shen)(shen)民俗,趙公(gong)(gong)山(shan)旅游的目的明確,現代人誰能(neng)拒絕財(cai)(cai)神(shen)(shen)爺呢?就是(shi)看財(cai)(cai)神(shen)(shen),問財(cai)(cai)神(shen)(shen),請財(cai)(cai)神(shen)(shen),期望自己好(hao)(hao)運(yun),發財(cai)(cai),好(hao)(hao)運(yun),那(nei)就請財(cai)(cai)神(shen)(shen),如(ru)果說歸結(jie)趙公(gong)(gong)山(shan)旅游特色(se),就是(shi)是(shi)財(cai)(cai)神(shen)(shen)尋根(gen)。
趙公祖(zu)廟的(de)道長,韋清道長,解(jie)惑了趙公山(shan)的(de)來歷,風景點,道機(ji),稱中國(guo)財(cai)(cai)神民俗源(yuan)遠流長,社會(hui)影響廣泛,只有有華人(ren)地區,都跟財(cai)(cai)神爺有緣分,都會(hui)有財(cai)(cai)神爺的(de)香火(huo)。
趙(zhao)公(gong)山稱作風水(shui)福地(di),道(dao)家(jia)修(xiu)(xiu)煉圣地(di),也是許多道(dao)家(jia)仙師(shi)麻姑、張(zhang)真人(ren),趙(zhao)公(gong)明等修(xiu)(xiu)煉煉丹(dan),辟谷成仙的(de)地(di)方。難怪許多風水(shui)大(da)師(shi),養(yang)生大(da)師(shi),修(xiu)(xiu)煉功夫家(jia)都(dou)稱此地(di)風水(shui)好,氣(qi)場強。
風景旅游點,趙公山(shan),柏灌(guan)臺,萬壽宮(gong)(gong),文昌(chang)宮(gong)(gong)外,還有(you)許多深山(shan)腹地道觀廟宇,當地流傳有(you)四觀,八(ba)庵的說法(fa)。人(ren)在山(shan)中聞(wen)聽鳥兒語(yu),欣賞山(shan)水(shui)情,如詩如畫,如臨世外桃源。
都(dou)(dou)江(jiang)堰火(huo)車(che)站下(xia)車(che)后,公交4路(lu)(lu)、8路(lu)(lu)等(deng)到(dao)都(dou)(dou)江(jiang)堰客運中心(xin),再換乘10路(lu)(lu)、11路(lu)(lu)、101路(lu)(lu)、102路(lu)(lu)到(dao)玉(yu)堂(tang)鎮(zhen)下(xia)車(che)即可(ke)。到(dao)了玉(yu)堂(tang)鎮(zhen)有很多面包(bao)車(che),坐面包(bao)車(che)到(dao)趙公山。
趙(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)山屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶濕潤(run)常綠林(lin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),植(zhi)(zhi)物種類繁多,區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系起源古(gu)(gu)老,保存(cun)(cun)了大(da)量古(gu)(gu)代珍稀頻(pin)危植(zhi)(zhi)物(如(ru)(ru)被稱為(wei)(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物活化(hua)石(shi)的(de)(de)銀杏樹、水(shui)杉(shan)樹、青城榆、青城 等)。它(ta)是古(gu)(gu)銀杏樹、古(gu)(gu)楠樹保存(cun)(cun)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。趙(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)山主峰與汶川縣毗(pi)連,屬(shu)于中(zhong)(zhong)國——喜(xi)馬(ma)拉雅植(zhi)(zhi)物亞(ya)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);而景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)南部(bu)又與具有華中(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)物區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系特色,屬(shu)于中(zhong)(zhong)國——日本森林(lin)亞(ya)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。趙(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)山風景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)正處于兩者的(de)(de)過渡(du)地帶。現在林(lin)地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)總共為(wei)(wei)22平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,占整個風景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)三(san)分之二。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)既有“枝如(ru)(ru)鳳(feng)舞(wu)千云霄,氣如(ru)(ru)蟠龍棲(qi)巖(yan)谷”的(de)(de)參天古(gu)(gu)樹,又有壯美秀(xiu)麗、苗壯成長(chang)的(de)(de)大(da)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)人工純林(lin),以(yi)及豐(feng)富(fu)多彩的(de)(de)次生林(lin)群落。據初步調查,僅木本植(zhi)(zhi)物即(ji)達110余(yu)種,730余(yu)顆。 公(gong)(gong)(gong)山風景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內,接受世界銀行(xing)貸款,由都江堰市趙(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)山林(lin)場(chang)于1991年8月9日開始營造(zao)的(de)(de)人工純林(lin)共13951畝(mu)。以(yi)各個景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)造(zao)林(lin)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)4304.90畝(mu),龍鳳(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)4970.54畝(mu),平安景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)造(zao)林(lin)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1780.50畝(mu),大(da)坪景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)造(zao)林(lin)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)4304.90畝(mu),水(shui)泉景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)造(zao)林(lin)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1380.88畝(mu),鳳(feng)鳴(ming)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)造(zao)林(lin)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1511.40畝(mu)。郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥蔥的(de)(de)萬(wan)畝(mu)林(lin)場(chang),給(gei)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)帶來無(wu)限生機(ji),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)早期栽(zai)種的(de)(de),以(yi)秀(xiu)杉(shan)、吊(diao)杉(shan)、尖杉(shan)等為(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)小樹,很快長(chang)到一人多高,排列(lie)得整整齊齊,十分喜(xi)人,進(jin)入其(qi)間,給(gei)人以(yi)回歸大(da)自然(ran)的(de)(de)生活情調。
趙公山風(feng)景名勝(sheng)區(qu)(qu)是都江堰市轄境內較為集(ji)中的(de)(de)中華(hua)獼(mi)猴桃種植(zhi)區(qu)(qu)和良種培(pei)育基地。分散在各地景區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)獼(mi)猴桃種植(zhi)面積共計4012.5畝。從事此項種植(zhi)業(ye)的(de)(de)農戶(hu)還在不斷增加,有(you)(you)(you)不少是引進的(de)(de)優良品種。獼(mi)猴桃既有(you)(you)(you)比較高的(de)(de)經濟價(jia)值(zhi),又有(you)(you)(you)環境價(jia)值(zhi)、觀賞價(jia)值(zhi)。
趙公(gong)山風景名(ming)勝區(qu)是(shi)全國(guo)“三木(mu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)”的(de)主要(yao)基地之(zhi)一,栽種(zhong)面積達3200畝(mu),“三木(mu)”系指三種(zhong)喬(qiao)木(mu)類中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai),即厚(hou)樸、杜仲、黃柏。青(qing)城(cheng)山厚(hou)樸,古人稱為(wei)“神樸”,品(pin)質良發,樹干挺直優(you)美(mei),葉大蔭濃,花(hua)色白,有(you)芳(fang)香,為(wei)人喜(xi)愛。趙公(gong)山在歷史上即為(wei)野生藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)寶庫。山中(zhong)巖谷生長的(de)黃精、巖參、天麻、何首烏(wu)、土(tu)山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、鹿銜草(cao)、坤草(cao)、土(tu)仁杞、天門(men)冬(dong)、川烏(wu)、血通、烏(wu)參、雞血騰等(deng)等(deng),自古即有(you)盛名(ming)。唐代(dai)《原仙記》中(zhong)描繪了唐高宗顯(xian)慶中(zhong)(公(gong)元626至660年)青(qing)城(cheng)采藥(yao)(yao)(yao)民入深山采藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)奇(qi)遇。宋人黃休復《茅(mao)亭客話》又記載:“公(gong)元993年冬(dong),青(qing)城(cheng)山民往趙公(gong)山采薪,遇數苗薯藥(yao)(yao)(yao),頗大于常。度其下必有(you)大薯,掘之(zhi)深三尺余。”趙公(gong)山也是(shi)著名(ming)的(de)川育種(zhong)基地和青(qing)城(cheng)貢茶的(de)產區(qu)。清代(dai)《貢茶定(ding)額碑》將沈家庵(迎(ying)仙觀(guan))、東(dong)岳廟所產貢茶名(ming)列前茅(mao)。
趙公山主峰附近有(you)分(fen)布較廣的野生高山杜(du)鵑林和桂花樹林。春(chun)日,遍(bian)青山蹄紅了杜(du)鵑;三秋時節,木樨香沁人心脾。更(geng)有(you)幽(you)蘭(lan)垂于崖畔,香聞數(shu)里,可(ke)望而(er)不可(ke)及。蘭(lan)花山這(zhe)個名稱,就夠你心醉了,可(ke)見此處花卉(hui)資源的豐富(fu)。
趙公山(shan)竹類(lei)品(pin)種繁多。宋帶(dai)《地(di)紀勝》云:“大面山(shan)有香柏(bo)靈竹。竹根如龍首,耳角(jiao)眉目,天然而成”。此(ci)山(shan)又是食(shi)用(yong)菌和(he)蕨類(lei)孽生(sheng)的良好場所。
趙(zhao)公(gong)山,你真(zhen)是一座富有(you)生氣的山林。滿眼(yan)是墨綠、翠綠、嫩(nen)綠的生命,蔥(cong)(cong)蔥(cong)(cong)濃濃,欣欣向榮。那苔癬,那竹筍,那纏繞(rao)的藤(teng)蔓,那滴翠的灌木叢,那高高聳立的白果樹和香楠樹,在(zai)多(duo)層次(ci)的綠色空間里,參(can)差錯(cuo)落。
趙(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)山林木蓊郁,自(zi)古(gu)便是野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物的(de)天堂。珍稀動(dong)(dong)物有大熊貓(mao)、野(ye)牛、巖驢,另有野(ye)豬(zhu)、鹿、豺狗(gou)、果子貍(li)、松鼠(shu)、貓(mao)頭鷹等(deng)。珍禽有娃(wa)娃(wa)雞、錦(jin)雞(金雞)、桐花(hua)風(藍喉太陽鳥(niao)(niao))、護花(hua)鳥(niao)(niao)、知更鳥(niao)(niao)、紅嘴相思雀、青(qing)城(cheng)玉(yu)鴉(ya)、杜鵑鳥(niao)(niao)、白鷺(lu)、畫眉、翠鳥(niao)(niao)、斑鳩等(deng)。趙(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)山魚(yu)類品種(zhong)亦(yi)多(duo),土(tu)產的(de)細甲魚(yu)、石把子等(deng),味極鮮美。野(ye)生(sheng)兩棲類動(dong)(dong)物有褐蛙(wa)(青(qing)城(cheng)梆梆魚(yu))、娃(wa)娃(wa)魚(yu)、樹蛙(wa)、田蛙(wa)、琴(qin)蛙(wa)等(deng)。野(ye)生(sheng)爬行動(dong)(dong)物有菜花(hua)蛇、烏梢蛇、青(qing)竹標蛇、蜥(xi)蜴、螞蝗等(deng)。可見趙(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)山是一(yi)個(ge)生(sheng)物景區極富多(duo)樣性的(de)景區。
趙公(gong)山景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)屬中(zhong)(zhong)亞熱帶四(si)川(chuan)盆地西緣濕潤(run)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu)(qu)。風(feng)(feng)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)多(duo)年平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)攝氏15.2度(du)。年平(ping)(ping)均無霜(shuang)期為(wei)270天。冬(dong)(dong)天嚴寒(han),夏(xia)無酷暑,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)宜人(ren),是(shi)理想的旅游(you)和消夏(xia)避(bi)暑的勝地。它又(you)是(shi)一個(ge)獨(du)具四(si)季風(feng)(feng)光帶(春花、夏(xia)水(shui)、秋葉、冬(dong)(dong)雪)而又(you)距(ju)城區(qu)(qu)較近的旅游(you)區(qu)(qu)。由(you)(you)于(yu)它處在太平(ping)(ping)洋東(dong)南季風(feng)(feng)的迎風(feng)(feng)坡面,成(cheng)為(wei)“華西雨(yu)屏帶”的組成(cheng)部分,多(duo)年平(ping)(ping)均降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)1250毫米。雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)、濕度(du)大、水(shui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)不易(yi)蒸發,山上常為(wei)云(yun)霧籠(long)罩,云(yun)海茫(mang)茫(mang),霧漫蒼林,水(shui)聲常在耳,空翠(cui)濕人(ren)衣(yi)。在高山區(qu)(qu),由(you)(you)于(yu)云(yun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)蒸騰,光線經不同(tong)密(mi)度(du)的空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)層,發生顯著(zhu)折射,把遠處的組合顯示在空中(zhong)(zhong),形成(cheng)如(ru)海市(shi)蜃樓一般的“山市(shi)”奇幻景(jing)(jing)觀。日出、云(yun)海、神燈和“山市(shi)”,趙公(gong)山奇特(te)的自然天象。
趙公(gong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)風景(jing)區有具(ju)有悠久(jiu)而(er)獨特的(de)人(ren)文景(jing)觀和歷(li)史文化遺存。趙公(gong)山(shan)(shan)(shan),古稱大(da)(da)面(mian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(有的(de)學(xue)者考證“大(da)(da)面(mian)”即“大(da)(da)岷”),在(zai)古代典籍《山(shan)(shan)(shan)海經(jing)》中稱為“成都(dou)(dou)(dou)戴天(tian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”(古本“戴”字(zi)寫作(zuo))。《山(shan)(shan)(shan)海經(jing)》卷十(shi)(shi)七有“大(da)(da)荒之(zhi)中,有山(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming)曰成都(dou)(dou)(dou)戴天(tian)”。王家鍩著《青城(cheng)道教仙(xian)源錄》云:“最初的(de)成都(dou)(dou)(dou),就是‘青城(cheng)都(dou)(dou)(dou)’,在(zai)青城(cheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan),又稱天(tian)谷(gu)(即天(tian)府(fu)),成都(dou)(dou)(dou)即‘成都(dou)(dou)(dou)戴天(tian)之(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)’,是蜀(shu)國的(de)祖山(shan)(shan)(shan)。‘天(tian)谷(gu)’即‘陽谷(gu)’,是扶(fu)桑所生長的(de)昆侖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(又分(fen)稱為‘群巫(wu)之(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)’)、‘博父(fu)之(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)’。”①唐代杜(du)光(guang)庭(ting)《青城(cheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)記》云:“大(da)(da)面(mian)之(zhi)頂,去(qu)平地(di)(di)七十(shi)(shi)二(er)里,為茲(zi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)主,非(fei)常人(ren)所到,靈禽異(yi)獸,奇花異(yi)草,不有焉。其上(shang)瓊樓仙(xian)室,金(jin)闕玉(yu)堂,得道之(zhi)人(ren)造(zao)之(zhi)乃見(jian),非(fei)凡俗所窺也。”又說:“此(ci)山(shan)(shan)(shan)前(qian)號青城(cheng)峰(feng),后(hou)名(ming)大(da)(da)面(mian)山(shan)(shan)(shan),其實一耳,同(tong)體異(yi)名(ming)。”其中有“瓊林寶樹、金(jin)沙玉(yu)田,水清而(er)甘,草靈而(er)秀(xiu)(xiu)”,“絕頂之(zhi)峰(feng),煙(yan)云常覆之(zhi)”。宋(song)代王象之(zhi)《地(di)(di)紀勝(sheng)》云:“大(da)(da)面(mian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)三溪之(zhi)北,前(qian)臨成都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan),眾峰(feng)攢秀(xiu)(xiu),高(gao)七十(shi)(shi)二(er)里,上(shang)有香柏靈竹。”
大面(mian)(mian)山(shan)是道教(jiao)“七(qi)十二(er)(er)福地(di)(di)”之一。《潛確類書》區宇(yu)部引司(si)馬紫微《七(qi)十二(er)(er)福地(di)(di)書》云:“大面(mian)(mian)上為第五十福地(di)(di),仙人(ren)柏成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)子(zi)治之”。宋(song)代道書張君(jun)房《云笈七(qi)簽(qian)》卷二(er)(er)十七(qi)“天地(di)(di)宮府圖”所(suo)記亦同(tong)。按:古(gu)(gu)蜀氐(di)羌族神(shen)仙俱帶有(you)“成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”字如容成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)子(zi)、廣成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)子(zi)、務成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)子(zi)、馬成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)子(zi)、柏成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)子(zi)等。大面(mian)(mian)山(shan)柏成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)子(zi)也是古(gu)(gu)氐(di)羌族神(shen)仙之一。宋(song)《太(tai)平廣記》:“斗山(shan)一洞(dong)西(xi)去(qu)二(er)(er)千里通青城(cheng)大面(mian)(mian)山(shan)”。人(ren)們常(chang)將(jiang)青城(cheng)山(shan)稱(cheng)為“洞(dong)天福地(di)(di)”,這是因青城(cheng)前山(shan)和(he)后山(shan)古(gu)(gu)時為“十大洞(dong)天”之一,與趙公山(shan)這個“福地(di)(di)”合起來,才算是完整的(de)“洞(dong)天福地(di)(di)”。于此也可看出趙公山(shan)開發的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性了(le)。