“粵(yue)語”之(zhi)名,來源于(yu)中(zhong)國古(gu)代嶺南(nan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)“南(nan)越(yue)”(《漢書》作“南(nan)粵(yue)”)。“越(yue)”是一(yi)個(ge)泛稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),古(gu)代“越(yue)”和(he)“粵(yue)”是通(tong)假(jia)字(zi),在先秦古(gu)籍(ji)中(zhong),對于(yu)長(chang)江(jiang)中(zhong)下(xia)游以(yi)南(nan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)部族,常統稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“越(yue)”,文(wen)獻上稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)百越(yue)、百粵(yue)、諸越(yue),包括“吳越(yue)”(蘇南(nan)、浙北一(yi)帶)、“閩(min)越(yue)”(福建(jian)一(yi)帶)、“揚越(yue)”(長(chang)江(jiang)中(zhong)下(xia)游、江(jiang)淮(huai)之(zhi)間)等。隋唐以(yi)后“越(yue)”、“粵(yue)”兩個(ge)字(zi)的(de)(de)含義開始有所區(qu)(qu)別,前者多用(yong)于(yu)江(jiang)浙吳語地(di)區(qu)(qu),后者多用(yong)于(yu)嶺南(nan)兩廣,長(chang)期(qi)作為(wei)嶺南(nan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)統稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。粵(yue)語,民間亦稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“白話(hua)”、“廣東話(hua)”等,在美洲華埠則被稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“唐話(hua)”。而“廣府(fu)話(hua)”、“省城話(hua)”這兩個(ge)俗稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則專門指舊(jiu)廣州(zhou)府(fu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(今(jin)廣州(zhou)及周邊南(nan)番順地(di)區(qu)(qu))、香港、澳門、梧州(zhou)、賀州(zhou)地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)粵(yue)語,范圍比“白話(hua)”概念小(xiao),一(yi)般稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“廣東話(hua)”。
兩(liang)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)之“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)”字源(yuan)于先秦古地區名“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)”,兩(liang)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)以(yi)(yi)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)為(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)界,廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)之東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)謂廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)之西(xi)(xi)謂廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)西(xi)(xi)。歷(li)(li)史(shi)上兩(liang)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)別稱“兩(liang)粵(yue)”,廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)“粵(yue)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”,廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)西(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)“粵(yue)西(xi)(xi)”。直至民國時(shi)期,“粵(yue)”才(cai)逐漸收窄范圍(wei)被用(yong)作廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省的(de)(de)簡(jian)稱。因此,在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)同的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)時(shi)期,“粵(yue)”有廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)義(yi)(嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)南)和狹義(yi)(僅指(zhi)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省)之分(fen)(fen)。“粵(yue)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”“粵(yue)西(xi)(xi)”在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)同歷(li)(li)史(shi)時(shi)期其指(zhi)代(dai)范圍(wei)也(ye)截然(ran)不(bu)同。粵(yue)語(yu)的(de)(de)起(qi)源(yuan)和發(fa)展成熟(shu)年代(dai)遠在(zai)(zai)(zai)宋代(dai)的(de)(de)兩(liang)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(兩(liang)粵(yue))初分(fen)(fen)之前。所以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)歷(li)(li)史(shi)文化層面(mian)上看,“粵(yue)語(yu)”事(shi)實上是廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)義(yi)上的(de)(de)“嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)南語(yu)”(嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)南地區語(yu)言(yan)),而非特(te)指(zhi)“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)話(hua)”。 就像(xiang)英語(yu)一樣,不(bu)是特(te)指(zhi)英國。粵(yue)語(yu)英文作“Cantonese”、日文寫成“広東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)語(yu)”,即一般(ban)人俗(su)稱為(wei)(wei)“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)話(hua)”。
自古(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)來兩(liang)廣(guang)山水相(xiang)連,人(ren)文相(xiang)通(tong)(tong),兩(liang)廣(guang)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)是(shi)不分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de),直(zhi)到(dao)宋朝才分(fen)為廣(guang)東和(he)廣(guang)西,而(er)(er)粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)遠早于(yu)宋朝,正因(yin)如(ru)此,粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在兩(liang)廣(guang)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)通(tong)(tong)行(xing)。距今五千年前后的(de)(de)(de)(de)嶺(ling)(ling)南蒼梧古(gu)(gu)(gu)國是(shi)嶺(ling)(ling)南文化、珠江(jiang)文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)發祥地(di)(di)(di),同時(shi)也是(shi)粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發源地(di)(di)(di)。粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)九聲九調,是(shi)嶺(ling)(ling)南古(gu)(gu)(gu)越語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)中(zhong)原雅言(yan)(yan)融(rong)合、重組而(er)(er)成(cheng),是(shi)保留古(gu)(gu)(gu)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)分(fen)最多的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種方言(yan)(yan)。粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不僅保留了大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)詞匯和(he)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法,還保留了古(gu)(gu)(gu)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)音和(he)聲調,尤(you)(you)其是(shi)入(ru)(ru)聲。而(er)(er)現(xian)在通(tong)(tong)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)話是(shi)沒(mei)有(you)入(ru)(ru)聲的(de)(de)(de)(de),所謂“入(ru)(ru)派三聲”,入(ru)(ru)聲都派到(dao)平、上、去三聲里去了。由(you)于(yu)沒(mei)有(you)入(ru)(ru)聲,所以(yi)用普(pu)通(tong)(tong)話來讀中(zhong)國古(gu)(gu)(gu)典詩(shi)詞就分(fen)不清(qing)平仄,讀不出韻(yun)(yun)腳,缺乏韻(yun)(yun)味。普(pu)通(tong)(tong)話地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)寫舊體詩(shi)詞也很(hen)麻煩。而(er)(er)講粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)就有(you)這(zhe)個優(you)勢,其入(ru)(ru)聲是(shi)與生(sheng)俱來的(de)(de)(de)(de),因(yin)此用粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)來讀中(zhong)國古(gu)(gu)(gu)詩(shi)詞就特(te)別有(you)韻(yun)(yun)味。在客家(jia)話、潮汕話(閩語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu))中(zhong),也保留了大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),尤(you)(you)其是(shi)中(zhong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)。
粵語聲調亦大(da)異于(yu)北,蓋(gai)以六調,曰一(yi)清(qing)平,二清(qing)上,三清(qing)去,四濁(zhuo)平,五(wu)濁(zhuo)上,六濁(zhuo)去。復以促(cu)音(yin)清(qing)平為(wei)高入(ru),促(cu)音(yin)清(qing)去為(wei)中入(ru),促(cu)音(yin)濁(zhuo)去為(wei)低(di)入(ru)。合為(wei)九(jiu)聲。現代(dai)粵語的(de)語法,如“水大(da)”、“菜干”、“人(ren)客”、“雞公”、“魚生”等,將形容詞放在(zai)名詞之(zhi)后作修飾(shi)成分的(de)語法結構普遍存在(zai)。
粵語發音系統較復雜,最多有(you)20個(ge)(ge)聲母,94個(ge)(ge)韻母。
粵語有20個聲母:
b[p]幫;p[p?]滂;f[f]敷;m[m]明;d[t]端; t[t?]透;n[n]南(nan);l[l]來;z[ts]精;c[ts]清;s[s]心;g[k]見(jian);k[k?]溪;gw[k?]光;kw[k??]規;ng[?]牙;h[h]好;j[j]鹽;w[w]魂;[?]安
(注:[]內為(wei)(wei)國際(ji)音(yin)標符號,左(zuo)側為(wei)(wei)粵(yue)語拼音(yin)符號,右側為(wei)(wei)例字)
九聲六(liu)調:陰(yin)平(ping)、陰(yin)上(shang)、陰(yin)去、陽平(ping)、陽上(shang)、陽去、陰(yin)入(ru)、中入(ru)、陽入(ru)。
九(jiu)聲各自代表字(zi)有:詩(si1);史(si2);試(si3);時(si4);市(si5);事(si6);色(sik1);錫(xi)(sik3);食(sik)。
實(shi)際上(shang)陰入(ru)、中入(ru)、陽入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)的音(yin)高,與陰平、陰去、陽去是(shi)(shi)一樣(yang)的,不過(guo)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)-p、-t、-k韻(yun)尾的入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字用(yong)以區分(fen)。由于聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)的定義,是(shi)(shi)包括抑揚(yang)性(xing)(即實(shi)際音(yin)高)和頓挫性(xing)。而入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)韻(yun)尾-p、-t、-k正是(shi)(shi)影(ying)響了其頓挫性(xing)。因此,即使(shi)只以1至(zhi)6的六個數字標示(shi),我們仍然要說是(shi)(shi)有九(jiu)個聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao),或者說有“九(jiu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)六調(diao)(diao)(diao)”,不能稱(cheng)作只有六個聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)。
六(liu)個調值的代表字為:周(zau1);口(hau2);店(dim3);河(ho);姆(mu)(mou5);渡(dou6)。
把聲調形象化地繪成一個圖表,使(shi)人較容易(yi)想象出這六個聲調的分別(bie)。
在(zai)標(biao)準粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)/粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)留有許多(duo)古(gu)(gu)老發音,粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)留有較多(duo)古(gu)(gu)詞、古(gu)(gu)義,措辭(ci)古(gu)(gu)雅(ya),且粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)許多(duo)詞語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),包(bao)括(kuo)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)氣(qi)助詞,都可以直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)在(zai)古(gu)(gu)漢(han)(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)典籍(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)找(zhao)到(dao)(dao)來源。在(zai)漢(han)(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)北方(fang)(fang)話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong),這些古(gu)(gu)詞已被(bei)廢棄不用或很(hen)少用。粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)留有修飾成分(fen)后置及倒(dao)裝(zhuang)等(deng)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法項目(mu)。而(er)且現(xian)代粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)仍然有較高(gao)使(shi)用在(zai)上古(gu)(gu)漢(han)(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)占主導地位的(de)(de)(de)(de)單音詞的(de)(de)(de)(de)傾向。一(yi)些被(bei)粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)使(shi)用者(zhe)視為通俗的(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)辭(ci)可在(zai)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)找(zhao)到(dao)(dao)來源。偏于一(yi)隅的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)東一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)極少戰亂(luan),基本沒(mei)受到(dao)(dao)北方(fang)(fang)游(you)牧少數民族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang),所以一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)留著漢(han)(han)唐時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言、文化。中(zhong)(zhong)國歷史上第一(yi)本官方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權威發音韻律(lv)書(shu)《廣(guang)(guang)(guang)韻》(全稱(cheng)《大(da)宋重(zhong)修廣(guang)(guang)(guang)韻》),里面標(biao)注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文字(zi)發音與現(xian)今的(de)(de)(de)(de)粵(yue)(yue)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)度吻合 。
第(di)一(yi)(yi)及第(di)二人(ren)稱用(yong)(yong)(yong)“我(wo)”、“你”,與官話相同。第(di)三人(ren)稱不用(yong)(yong)(yong)“他”,而是(shi)“渠(qu)”(俗寫“佢”;東漢《孔雀東南(nan)飛》:“雖(sui)與府吏(li)要,渠(qu)會(hui)永(yong)無(wu)緣”),跟吳語(yu)一(yi)(yi)樣。復數(shu)人(ren)稱不用(yong)(yong)(yong)“們”,而是(shi)端系的[ta?]或[ti](現(xian)代粵語(yu)寫作“哋”,本(ben)(ben)字(zi)為“等”,見圣公會(hui)的公禱書)。粵語(yu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)“系”而不用(yong)(yong)(yong)“是(shi)”來代表正面答復,“系”是(shi)明清兩代常用(yong)(yong)(yong)字(zi)。這些字(zi)眼在主流(liu)官話中逐漸淘汰(tai),但仍偶現(xian)于(yu)書面語(yu),例(li)如李儼《中算史論(lun)叢》第(di)一(yi)(yi)冊(ce)(1955年版本(ben)(ben),第(di)210頁)提及18世紀數(shu)學家(jia)Issac Wolfram 時,就寫為“渠(qu)系荷蘭炮(pao)隊副隊長(chang)”。
在文(wen)(wen)言(yan)文(wen)(wen)和現代(dai)粵語中(zhong),“卒之(zhi)、畀(bi)”都等(deng)(deng)(deng)同“終(zhong)于、給予”的(de)意義(yi)。古代(dai)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)“文(wen)(wen)錢(qian)”,粵語也保存(cun)了“文(wen)(wen)”的(de)用(yong)(yong)法(但常用(yong)(yong)通假字“蚊”)。“尋日(ri)”(昨日(ri))的(de)“尋”可(ke)追溯至(zhi)東晉(jin)陶淵明(ming)的(de)《歸去來辭》“尋程氏妹喪于武(wu)昌”中(zhong)的(de)“尋”,解作“不久前”。“幾(ji)多(duo)”(多(duo)少)、“幾(ji)時”(何(he)時)則可(ke)追溯至(zhi)李煜的(de)《虞(yu)美人》“問(wen)君能有(you)幾(ji)多(duo)愁”及蘇(su)軾(shi)的(de)《水調(diao)歌頭(tou)》“明(ming)月幾(ji)時有(you)”等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。
有些現(xian)(xian)代(dai)粵(yue)語雖(sui)可溯(su)古,但(dan)古今用(yong)法(fa)有異。上表中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)《尚(shang)書》“惟天陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)騭(zhi)(zhi)下民”一(yi)(yi)句的(de)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)騭(zhi)(zhi),本指(zhi)(zhi)默默保(bao)護,后來則演化為功德之(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。道教的(de)《文(wen)昌帝(di)(di)君陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)騭(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)》,就(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)文(wen)昌帝(di)(di)君訓示(shi)人們(men)要“廣行陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)騭(zhi)(zhi)”。之(zhi)后陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)騭(zhi)(zhi)又衍生出陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)功與陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)德兩個(ge)同(tong)義(yi)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)。明人方汝浩于《東(dong)度記》當中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),就(jiu)將這3個(ge)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)語交(jiao)替使用(yong),然(ran)(ran)而民間相(xiang)學又出現(xian)(xian)所謂(wei)“陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)騭(zhi)(zhi)紋”,并(bing)且稱凡有此(ci)紋者,必然(ran)(ran)壞事(shi)(shi)做盡(jin)。前述3個(ge)同(tong)義(yi)詞(ci)(ci)(ci),也出現(xian)(xian)了歧義(yi),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)德仍然(ran)(ran)是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)功德,但(dan)是(shi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)騭(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)則改變(bian)成為貶義(yi)。《紅樓夢(meng)》第(di)73回寫到“救人急(ji)難,最是(shi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)騭(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)”,指(zhi)(zhi)的(de)本是(shi)好事(shi)(shi),但(dan)是(shi)現(xian)(xian)今粵(yue)語所謂(wei)的(de)“陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)騭(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)”改變(bian)成為缺德事(shi)(shi)的(de)意(yi)(yi)思。至于陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)功一(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)(ci),就(jiu)像普通話中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“好容易才……”與“好不容易才……”是(shi)同(tong)義(yi)一(yi)(yi)樣,現(xian)(xian)代(dai)粵(yue)語之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),無論說(shuo)“真系陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)功”抑或“真系無陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)功”,都是(shi)凄慘(can)、可惜之(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。
古(gu)(gu)代(dai)南遷到(dao)嶺南地區的中原人(ren)與南越(yue)族原住民長期雜(za)居,彼此間語(yu)(yu)言、文(wen)化(hua)、習(xi)俗等(deng)各方(fang)面(mian)(mian)相互滲透。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)粵語(yu)(yu)中仍含有(you)南越(yue)語(yu)(yu)成分,表現(xian)(xian)在(zai)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯方(fang)面(mian)(mian),語(yu)(yu)法上(shang)(shang)也有(you)一些遺存。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)粵語(yu)(yu)跟現(xian)(xian)代(dai)壯語(yu)(yu)在(zai)日常(chang)用(yong)(yong)語(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)接(jie)近或相同的常(chang)用(yong)(yong)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)有(you)不少。這(zhe)(zhe)些詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)到(dao)底是古(gu)(gu)漢語(yu)(yu)的來源,還是古(gu)(gu)越(yue)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯遺存,又(you)或者根本就是其(qi)他少數民族的語(yu)(yu)言借(jie)入了古(gu)(gu)漢語(yu)(yu)的這(zhe)(zhe)些固有(you)用(yong)(yong)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而導致人(ren)們認為粵語(yu)(yu)中的這(zhe)(zhe)些詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯是古(gu)(gu)百越(yue)語(yu)(yu)的來源,已(yi)無從(cong)考證。目前粵語(yu)(yu)的這(zhe)(zhe)些在(zai)古(gu)(gu)漢語(yu)(yu)文(wen)獻(xian)中沒(mei)有(you)被記載(zai)過的詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯約有(you)20%,比重不大但使用(yong)(yong)頻率較高(gao)。
粵語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)外(wai)來(lai)詞主要來(lai)自英語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。廣(guang)州從清朝起(qi)已出(chu)現外(wai)來(lai)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),而到香港(gang)殖民地史時期,香港(gang)粵語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(港(gang)式粵語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu))中吸(xi)收(shou)外(wai)來(lai)詞特別(bie)多(duo),影響著廣(guang)東境(jing)內粵語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)區。這些(xie)外(wai)來(lai)詞很多(duo)普通(tong)(tong)話沒有(you)吸(xi)收(shou),如“士多(duo)”(store,si?22 t?55),即“小賣部”;有(you)的(de)是(shi)吸(xi)收(shou)了但譯(yi)法不同(tong),如“沙(sha)拉”在(zai)粵語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中是(shi)“沙(sha)律”(saa1 loet6);不少外(wai)國人名在(zai)粵語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中的(de)譯(yi)法亦與漢語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)北(bei)方(fang)話存在(zai)很大差別(bie),如第43任美國總(zong)統George Bush在(zai)普通(tong)(tong)話中翻(fan)譯(yi)成(cheng)“布(bu)什”,中華(hua)民國語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文譯(yi)作(zuo)“布(bu)希(xi)”,香港(gang)粵語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)則翻(fan)譯(yi)成(cheng)圓(yuan)唇的(de)“布(bu)殊”(bou4 syu1)。這些(xie)譯(yi)名常需(xu)用當地語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言發音(yin)才與原(yuan)音(yin)接近。