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基本介紹

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)廣(guang)寺(si)(si)始建(jian)于東晉興寧年(nian)間(jian)，開山祖師(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)曇猷尊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)廣(guang)寺(si)(si)自創建(jian)后曾毀建(jian)多次，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)的幾(ji)次擴建(jian)整(zheng)修是(shi)宋朝兩次，主(zhu)持(chi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不詳；明(ming)朝一(yi)次，主(zhu)持(chi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)錢塘大(da)賢葛一(yi)鵬；迄清及近代一(yi)次，主(zhu)持(chi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)興慈法師(shi)；現任一(yi)次（主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)一(yi)九八(ba)○年(nian)至一(yi)九八(ba)三年(nian)在當地(di)政府和廣(guang)大(da)信眾(zhong)支持(chi)下(xia)的重建(jian)工程），主(zhu)持(chi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)通和法師(shi)。重建(jian)后的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)廣(guang)寺(si)(si)主(zhu)要(yao)佛(fo)教(jiao)建(jian)筑為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)殿、觀(guan)音(yin)殿、祖師(shi)堂、曇華亭、銅(tong)殿、僧(seng)竂、香積廚等。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)色(se)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)曇華亭，二為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五百(bai)羅漢銅(tong)佛(fo)殿，后者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)被僧(seng)眾(zhong)視為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)該寺(si)(si)鎮(zhen)山之寶。另外，寺(si)(si)內有一(yi)株約三百(bai)多年(nian)樹齡的黃檀(tan)，寺(si)(si)內僧(seng)人常可根據樹的生長變化(hua)，預(yu)測該地(di)區當年(nian)旱澇災(zai)情，甚為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奇異。

榮譽及其他

建筑特色

曇(tan)華亭架于石(shi)梁(liang)(liang)之上，憑欄可俯瞰溪水深潭，石(shi)深飛瀑全景(jing)盡收眼(yan)底，該寺(si)始(shi)于南宋(song)理宗景(jing)定二年(nian)（一一六二年(nian)），天臺(tai)(tai)籍宰相賈(jia)似道為紀念他的父親(qin)，抗金(jin)名將賈(jia)涉，耗(hao)白銀五(wu)萬兩，命(ming)萬年(nian)寺(si)僧(seng)妙弘法師修(xiu)建。石(shi)梁(liang)(liang)橋西端，原有一座小銅殿(dian)，是(shi)天臺(tai)(tai)山的重要文(wen)物之一。據(ju)史籍記載∶「（此殿(dian)）明(ming)鄭妃所(suo)舍，高七(qi)尺許，中(zhong)雕(diao)鏤五(wu)百(bai)羅漢(han)小像，甚工(gong)致。」據(ju)今(jin)實(shi)測(ce)∶銅殿(dian)高約一．三米，寬○．六米，中(zhong)鑄(zhu)五(wu)百(bai)羅漢(han)像，欄楹間(jian)有五(wu)十二字∶「皇明(ming)天啟元年(nian)辛酉（一六二一年(nian)）中(zhong)秋(qiu)吉旦，欽差提督九門太(tai)監徐貴等喜(xi)助成(cheng)金(jin)殿(dian)，永遠供養天臺(tai)(tai)勝境石(shi)梁(liang)(liang)橋首。清涼山后學沙門如壁募造(zao)。」左壁有「浙(zhe)江布政司參政米萬鍾」；「欽差提督分兼管和道催浙(zhe)直(zhi)福(fu)福(fu)江木料工(gong)部侍中(zhong)楊師孔(kong)」等題名，右壁題名已漫患不明(ming)，五(wu)百(bai)羅漢(han)眉發畢偌，形象(xiang)逼真，工(gong)藝精湛。

五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)羅(luo)漢(han)銅殿，始建于(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)代十國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)際，據(ju)《感(gan)應略記》載(zai)∶「就嘉(jia)全億長(chang)史畫半千羅(luo)漢(han)形(xing)象。每一(yi)迎(ying)請(qing)(qing)，必于(yu)石(shi)橋宿夜焚(fen)香，具鑼鈸幢蓋，引道入(ru)(ru)于(yu)殿，香風(feng)送幢之(zhi)勢，前靡而入(ru)(ru)，入(ru)(ru)門即(ji)止(zhi)，其方(fang)廣寺梵(fan)唄(bai)方(fang)作，先有金色鳥，飛翔后(hou)林樹石(shi)畔(pan)。吳越國(guo)(guo)王(wang)錢弘倜頻(pin)年(nian)施供(gong)養(yang)，造五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)銅羅(luo)漢(han)。」后(hou)來，人(ren)們還為五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)羅(luo)漢(han)演義了許多「神(shen)靈(ling)(ling)」的故事，有人(ren)將五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)應真說成是(shi)(shi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)橫(heng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)壯士的化身(shen)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)橫(heng)是(shi)(shi)戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏的后(hou)代。秦末，其從(cong)兄田(tian)(tian)(tian)儋自立(li)為齊(qi)(qi)王(wang)，不(bu)(bu)久戰(zhan)死，儋弟榮與榮子廣相繼(ji)為齊(qi)(qi)王(wang)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)橫(heng)為相國(guo)(guo)。韓信破(po)齊(qi)(qi)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)橫(heng)自立(li)為齊(qi)(qi)王(wang)，率領從(cong)屬(shu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)人(ren)逃往(wang)海島(dao)。劍(jian)邦稱帝，遣(qian)使(shi)者招降(jiang)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)橫(heng)與客二(er)人(ren)往(wang)洛陽，未(wei)至二(er)十里，羞為漢(han)臣，自殺。留居海島(dao)的部眾，遵田(tian)(tian)(tian)橫(heng)臨行前之(zhi)命，逃奔到(dao)天臺山(shan)。他們聽到(dao)田(tian)(tian)(tian)橫(heng)義不(bu)(bu)降(jiang)漢(han)的消息后(hou)，悲憤(fen)填(tian)膺，慷慨跳崖(ya)，以追隨田(tian)(tian)(tian)橫(heng)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)壯士跳崖(ya)后(hou)，被一(yi)朵(duo)(duo)(duo)朵(duo)(duo)(duo)禪云托(tuo)住，說是(shi)(shi)壯士誼氣感(gan)動觀音菩薩(sa)，觀音撒下的五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)朵(duo)(duo)(duo)白云，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)壯士變為五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)羅(luo)漢(han)。他們以后(hou)就住在(zai)石(shi)梁飛瀑的中方(fang)廣寺。以后(hou)，歷代帝王(wang)每當「國(guo)(guo)難」當頭的時(shi)刻，都(dou)遣(qian)使(shi)來山(shan)祭請(qing)(qing)，祈求羅(luo)漢(han)的蔭護。如(ru)宋仁宗(zong)于(yu)景?四年(nian)（一(yi)○三(san)七年(nian)），遣(qian)使(shi)來天臺供(gong)施五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)應真，其敕文曰∶朕(zhen)荷祖宗(zong)之(zhi)休，丕承(cheng)洪業(ye)，未(wei)賞不(bu)(bu)虛懷逸士，側席幽人(ren)。雅(ya)聞天臺之(zhi)石(shi)橋，近接四明之(zhi)雪(xue)竇，智覺之(zhi)遺風(feng)具在(zai)，應真之(zhi)靈(ling)(ling)跡儼存(cun)。慨想名(ming)山(shan)，載(zai)形(xing)夢寐。今遣(qian)內使(shi)張履(lv)信赍沈(shen)香山(shan)子一(yi)座，龍茶二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)斤，銀五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)兩，御衣一(yi)襲，表朕(zhen)尊重(zhong)之(zhi)意！