馮時(shi)行(xing)少(shao)時(shi)讀于巴縣(xian)縉(jin)云(yun)山寺,得(de)中北(bei)宋徽宗宣和六年(nian)(nian)(1124)恩科(ke)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)。以(yi)忤(wu)當道,當為云(yun)安(an)(今(jin)重慶市云(yun)陽(yang)縣(xian))尉。南宋建(jian)炎(yan)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)三年(nian)(nian)(1127—1129)調(diao)(diao)任奉節尉調(diao)(diao),建(jian)炎(yan)四年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)紹興(xing)四年(nian)(nian)(1134),調(diao)(diao)任江(jiang)原丞,任職(zhi)(zhi)期中,顯露才華,深(shen)受川陜(shan)撫(fu)諭楊愿器重,極力(li)推薦,旋擢左奉禮(li)郎。紹興(xing)五至(zhi)六年(nian)(nian)知丹(dan)梭縣(xian)。紹興(xing)七年(nian)(nian)(1137)奉召入京任左朝(chao)(chao)奉議郎(皇(huang)帝身(shen)邊咨詢官)。時(shi)金(jin)兵已占汴梁(liang)(北(bei)宋都城今(jin)開封)十載。時(shi)行(xing)力(li)主(zhu)抗金(jin),于紹興(xing)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)晉見(jian)高(gao)宗,呈上《請分兵以(yi)鎮(zhen)荊襄(xiang)疏》,奏金(jin)人(ren)議和不足信,請選大(da)(da)臣(chen)重兵鎮(zhen)荊,使岳(yue)飛得(de)以(yi)專(zhuan)力(li)致于江(jiang)漢(han)間。被主(zhu)張(zhang)和議的高(gao)宗斥之為“杯羹之語”。紹興(xing)九年(nian)(nian)(1139),出任萬(wan)(wan)州(zhou)知府,鎮(zhen)邪鋤惡,為民除(chu)害,惠農勸學,為地方積蓄了一(yi)批錢(qian)財。紹興(xing)十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1141),轉運(yun)判(pan)官李炯,企圖以(yi)提(ti)取(qu)萬(wan)(wan)州(zhou)大(da)(da)量積錢(qian),向朝(chao)(chao)廷獻媚固寵,率500飛虎軍強行(xing)提(ti)取(qu),時(shi)行(xing)堅決反對,被提(ti)刑(xing)何(he)麒彈劾(he),罷官削職(zhi)(zhi),除(chu)名《大(da)(da)宋狀(zhuang)元(yuan)錄》,輾轉流離萬(wan)(wan)州(zhou)、開江(jiang)間近兩年(nian)(nian)。
紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)底由萬州(zhou)回到家(jia)鄉樂(le)磧(qi),氣憤之(zhi)下,將原籍(ji)“樂(le)磧(qi)”改為“落磧(qi)”(今(jin)(jin)洛磧(qi)得名緣由)。稍(shao)后(hou)(hou),到縉云(yun)山置田地,建(jian)房辦學,“坐廢”十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)久(jiu)。直(zhi)到秦檜(gui)死(si)后(hou)(hou),紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)二十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(1157),馮時行才(cai)又(you)復起知蓬州(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)四川(chuan)蓬安(an)縣)。紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)二十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(1158)冬,又(you)薦(jian)知黎州(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)四川(chuan)漢源);紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)三十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1161),金人(ren)背盟(meng),馮時行被高(gao)宗(zong)再次召見,上《請易田師(shi)中(zhong)用(yong)張浚(jun)(jun)、劉綺疏》,疏中(zhong)說:“自古未有(you)人(ren)主退而能(neng)使天(tian)下進,人(ren)主怯(qie)而能(neng)使天(tian)下勇,今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)形勢,愿陛(bi)下舍一(yi)己(ji)之(zhi)好惡,勉(mian)用(yong)張浚(jun)(jun)、劉綺、李顯忠(zhong)等將領(ling)抗金。”并提(ti)(ti)出“宜省官吏(li),減州(zhou)郡冗(rong)卒”。擢右朝請大夫,提(ti)(ti)點(dian)成都府刑(xing)獄,經劃邊事,卓有(you)功績。孝宗(zong)隆興(xing)元年(nian)(nian)(1163)逝世(shi)于雅(ya)州(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)雅(ya)安(an)),時年(nian)(nian)63歲。死(si)后(hou)(hou)被追為“古城侯”,初葬雅(ya)州(zhou)古城,后(hou)(hou)移葬巴縣魚嘴沱(今(jin)(jin)江(jiang)北區魚嘴鎮(zhen))。
乾道(dao)五年(1169),雅州(今四川(chuan)雅安(an))民眾曾斥(chi)錢七十(shi)萬,為(wei)馮時行立祠廟(miao)。《古(gu)城馮侯廟(miao)碑(bei)》載:“大(da)眾斥(chi)七十(shi)萬錢,縛屋二十(shi)五盈,中為(wei)堂,塑侯像,挾以兩廡,民歲時歌舞其下,水旱厲(li)疾,必禱侯。”馮時行故鄉洛磧有“縉(jin)云故里(li)”、“狀(zhuang)元井”、“狀(zhuang)元橋”等紀念建筑。
著有《縉(jin)云集(ji)(ji)》四(si)十三卷(juan)(《宋史·藝(yi)文(wen)志(zhi)》),已(yi)散佚(yi),明嘉靖中(zhong)李璽刊為《縉(jin)云先生文(wen)集(ji)(ji)》四(si)卷(juan),卷(juan)一至三為詩。馮時行詩,以(yi)影印文(wen)淵(yuan)閣《四(si)庫全(quan)書(shu)·縉(jin)云文(wen)集(ji)(ji)》為底本,校以(yi)清(qing)趙(zhao)氏小(xiao)山堂(tang)抄(chao)本(簡(jian)稱小(xiao)山堂(tang)本,藏(zang)北京圖(tu)書(shu)館)。另從《永樂(le)大典》等書(shu)輯得之(zhi)集(ji)(ji)外(wai)詩,編為卷(juan)四(si)。《四(si)庫全(quan)書(shu)·縉(jin)云文(wen)集(ji)(ji)·提要》云其詩:“忠義之(zhi)氣(qi)隱然可見。”