從前,齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)一(yi)(yi)對很要好的朋友,一(yi)(yi)個(ge)叫管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),另外一(yi)(yi)個(ge)叫鮑叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)。年輕的時候,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)家(jia)里很窮,又要奉養母親(qin),鮑叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)知道了(le),就找管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)起投(tou)資(zi)做(zuo)生(sheng)(sheng)意。做(zuo)生(sheng)(sheng)意的時候,因為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)錢,所以本(ben)錢幾乎都是鮑叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)拿(na)(na)出來投(tou)資(zi)的,可是,當賺了(le)錢以后,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)卻拿(na)(na)的比(bi)鮑叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)還(huan)多,鮑叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)的仆(pu)人(ren)(ren)看了(le)就說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):這個(ge)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)真奇(qi)怪,本(ben)錢拿(na)(na)的比(bi)我們主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)少,分錢的時候卻拿(na)(na)的比(bi)我們主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)還(huan)多!鮑叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)卻對仆(pu)人(ren)(ren)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):不可以這么說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)!管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)家(jia)里窮又要奉養母親(qin),多拿(na)(na)一(yi)(yi)點沒(mei)有(you)關系的。有(you)一(yi)(yi)次,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)鮑叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)(yi)起去打仗,每次進攻的時候,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都躲在最后面,大家(jia)就罵管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)貪生(sheng)(sheng)怕死(si)的人(ren)(ren)!鮑叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)馬上替管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)話:你們誤會管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)了(le),他(ta)(ta)不是怕死(si),他(ta)(ta)得留著他(ta)(ta)的命(ming)去照(zhao)顧(gu)老母親(qin)呀(ya)!管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聽到(dao)(dao)之后說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):生(sheng)(sheng)我的是父母,了(le)解我的人(ren)(ren)可是鮑叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)呀(ya)!后來,齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)的國(guo)(guo)(guo)王死(si)掉了(le),大王子(zi)諸(zhu)當上了(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)王,諸(zhu)每天吃喝玩樂不做(zuo)事(shi),鮑叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)預感齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)定會發生(sheng)(sheng)內亂(luan),就帶著小王子(zi)小白逃(tao)到(dao)(dao)莒國(guo)(guo)(guo),管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)則(ze)帶著小王子(zi)糾(jiu)逃(tao)到(dao)(dao)魯國(guo)(guo)(guo)。
不(bu)久之后(hou),大(da)王子諸被人殺(sha)死,齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)真(zhen)的(de)發生了內亂,管(guan)(guan)仲想(xiang)殺(sha)掉(diao)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai),讓糾(jiu)能順(shun)利當(dang)(dang)上國(guo)(guo)(guo)王,可惜管(guan)(guan)仲在暗(an)算小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)的(de)時候,把(ba)(ba)箭(jian)射(she)偏了,小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)沒死,后(hou)來(lai),鮑叔(shu)牙和(he)(he)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)比(bi)管(guan)(guan)仲和(he)(he)糾(jiu)還早回到(dao)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)就當(dang)(dang)上了齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)王。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)當(dang)(dang)上國(guo)(guo)(guo)王以(yi)后(hou),決定封鮑叔(shu)牙為宰相(xiang),鮑叔(shu)牙卻(que)對小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)說:管(guan)(guan)仲各(ge)方面都(dou)比(bi)我(wo)強,應該請他(ta)(ta)(ta)來(lai)當(dang)(dang)宰相(xiang)才對呀!小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)一(yi)聽(ting):管(guan)(guan)仲要殺(sha)我(wo),他(ta)(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)的(de)仇人,你(ni)居然(ran)叫我(wo)請他(ta)(ta)(ta)來(lai)當(dang)(dang)宰相(xiang)!鮑叔(shu)牙卻(que)說:這(zhe)不(bu)能怪(guai)他(ta)(ta)(ta),他(ta)(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)為了幫他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)主人糾(jiu)才這(zhe)么做的(de)呀!小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)聽(ting)了鮑叔(shu)牙的(de)話,請管(guan)(guan)仲回來(lai)當(dang)(dang)宰相(xiang),而管(guan)(guan)仲也真(zhen)的(de)幫小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)把(ba)(ba)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)治理的(de)非常好呢!后(hou)來(lai),大(da)家(jia)在稱贊朋(peng)友之間有很好的(de)友誼時,就會(hui)說他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)是(shi)(shi)“管(guan)(guan)鮑之交”。
管鮑之交:指(zhi)春秋時齊人管(guan)仲和鮑叔牙相(xiang)知最深,后常比喻(yu)交情深厚的朋友(you)。
成語出自《史(shi)記(ji)·管仲(zhong)傳》:“少(shao)時(shi)常(chang)與鮑(bao)(bao)叔牙游;鮑(bao)(bao)叔知(zhi)其賢(xian)。管仲(zhong)貧(pin)苦(ku);常(chang)欺鮑(bao)(bao)叔;鮑(bao)(bao)叔終善遇之;不以為言,管仲(zhong)曰(yue):生我者父母(mu);知(zhi)我者鮑(bao)(bao)子(zi)也。”
管鮑之交,偏正式;作賓語;含褒義。
近義詞:生死之交。
反義詞:點頭之交。
管鮑之交一直被譽為交友的最高境界,成為被歷代傳誦的佳話。可見真正的朋友應當患難與共,為了國家的利益能不計個人得失同心協力。就像桓公不計較私仇,任用管仲終成霸業,其使賢任能之舉,也對后人產生了積極的影響。不(bu)(bu)(bu)計較個人私利,有寬以待人的(de)胸懷(huai),有至真(zhen)至誠(cheng)、甘愿吃(chi)虧的(de)精神;在同事(shi)(shi)有某種過失或對(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)住自(zi)己(ji)時,不(bu)(bu)(bu)惡意(yi)相諷,而善意(yi)相諱,同時又不(bu)(bu)(bu)為小人讒言而左右;能(neng)像管仲那樣,在公(gong)事(shi)(shi)國事(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)盡職盡責,在原(yuan)則問題上(shang)(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)以恩報德,不(bu)(bu)(bu)私其友,剛正不(bu)(bu)(bu)阿;如果互相之間都能(neng)夠情同管鮑,多一些(xie)理解,多一點(dian)真(zhen)誠(cheng),那么我們前進道路上(shang)(shang)的(de)困難就會少一些(xie)。
管仲,春秋時齊國(guo)政治,名夷吾,字(zi)仲(zhong),亦稱管(guan)(guan)敬仲(zhong)。據說他早(zao)年經營(ying)商業,后(hou)從(cong)事政治活(huo)動。在齊國(guo)公(gong)子(zi)小白(bai)(即齊桓(huan)公(gong))與公(gong)子(zi)糾爭(zheng)(zheng)奪(duo)君(jun)位(wei)的(de)斗爭(zheng)(zheng)中,管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)曾(ceng)支持公(gong)子(zi)糾。小白(bai)取(qu)得君(jun)位(wei)后(hou),不計前嫌,重用管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong);管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)亦輔佐齊桓(huan)公(gong),施行(xing)改革。在政治上(shang),他推行(xing)國(guo)、野分治的(de)參國(guo)伍鄙之制(zhi),即由君(jun)主、二(er)世(shi)卿分管(guan)(guan)齊國(guo),并在國(guo)中設(she)立各級軍事組織(zhi),規定士、農、工(gong)、商各行(xing)其業;在經濟上(shang),實(shi)行(xing)租稅(shui)改革,對井田“相(xiang)地而衰征”(見先秦(qin)租稅(shui)),并采(cai)取(qu)了若(ruo)干有利于農業、手工(gong)業發展的(de)政策。
鮑叔牙又稱鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)、鮑(bao)(bao)子(zi)(zi)(約前(qian)723或前(qian)716~公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)644年),是鮑(bao)(bao)敬叔(shu)的兒子(zi)(zi),春秋時(shi)齊國(guo)(guo)大夫(fu),以(yi)知人著稱。少時(shi)與管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)友善,曾一起經商(shang)。齊襄公(gong)(gong)亂政,鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙隨公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)白(bai)出奔至莒國(guo)(guo),管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)則隨公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾出奔魯國(guo)(guo)。齊襄公(gong)(gong)被(bei)殺(sha),糾和小(xiao)白(bai)爭奪君(jun)位,小(xiao)白(bai)得勝即位,即齊桓公(gong)(gong)。桓公(gong)(gong)囚管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong),鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙知道(dao)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)賢,舉薦管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)替代自(zi)己(ji)的職位,而自(zi)己(ji)則甘居于管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),齊國(guo)(guo)因為管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)的治理而日漸(jian)強盛,被(bei)時(shi)人譽為“管(guan)(guan)鮑(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)”、“鮑(bao)(bao)子(zi)(zi)遺風(feng)”。